AGENDA ORANGE COVE CITY COUNCIL REGULAR MEETING Wednesday, October 23, 2024 6:30 PM City of Orange Cove Council Chambers 6336thSt. Orange Cove, CA 93646 ZOOM Information Meeting ID:85260997856 Passcode: 346531  itps/us6web.zoom.us/852809978567PWd-WIU2WDyOFUHVnpK4yC792EQr0b52z1  1. CALL TO ORDER/WELCOME  Roll call Invocation  Flag Salute (Pledge of Allegiance) 2. CONFIRMATION OF AGENDA 3. PRESENTATIONS  None Scheduled  Public comments during regular business items are limited to three minutes per person and fifteen minutes total per item.  4. CONSENT  (All items listed under the consent calendar category are considered routine. The complete consent calendar will be enacted by one motion by ROLL CALL VOTE. For purposes of discussion, any council member. may have an item removed from the consent calendar and made part of the regular agenda. The Council can  then approve the remainder oft the consent calendar).  1    4.a. Minutes of the October 09, 2024, Regular Meeting 4.b. Consideration and Necessary Action to Authorize the City Manager or authorized Designee to Execute a "Common Use Agreement" between the City of Orange Cove and the Orange Cove Irrigation District (OCID) Governing the Roles & Responsibilties ofe each agency with respect to existing OCID pipeline infrastructure and proposed City Improvements to be constructed as part of the Park Boulevard Infrastructure Improvement project. The Common Use Agreement defines the roles and responsibilities of each agency with respect to repair and maintenance of an existing OCID irrigation pipeline, as well as the restoration and repair of City infrastructure damaged as a result of a maintenance repair or unforeseen break 4.c. Consideration and Necessary Action of Notice of Completion Dominguez and Acceptance Sheridan Park Playground Equipment Procurement & Installation and to Adopt Resolution 2024-34, accepting work and authorizing the Notice of Completion to the KYA Group for the Sheridan Park Playground Equipment Procurement & Installation project for a final contract price of $654,205.68. Staff further recommends that the City Manager or his designee be authorized to execute and file a Notice of Completion and Acceptance of said public works and improvements described herein as required by law  Cisneros Dominguez  of Orange Cove City Council  5. PUBLIC HEARING  5.a. SUBJECT: Adoption of Resolution No 2024-32 Adopting a Common-Sense Exemption as the Environmental Finding for the Housing Element and Approving General Plan Amendment GPA NO. 24-01 adopting the 6th Cycle 2023-2031 Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element and 2023-2031 Orange Cove Housing Element as per the recommendation of the Orange Cove Planning Commission RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends that the Orange Cove City Council hold a public hearing on the General Plan Amendment GPA 24-01 adopting the 6th Cycle 2023-2031 Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element 2023-2031 and to approve Resolution No. 2024-32 Adopting a Common-Sense Exemption as the Environmental Finding for the Orange Cove Housing Element and Approving General Plan Amendment GPA NO. 24-01 Adopting the 6th Cycle 2023-2031 Mult-Jurisdictional Housing Element and 2023-2031 as per the recommendation of the Orange  Patlan  Cove Planning Commission  2    5.b. SUBJECT: Adopt Resolution No. 2024-33 authorizing submittal Dominguez  of the Community Development Block Grant Application  RECOMMENDATION: The City Council authorizes the submittal of one 2024 grant application to the California Department of Housing and Community Development for funding under the CDBG program, and if selected, the execution of standard agreements and required program documents. At the close of the public hearing, adopt resolution 2024-33  approving the submittal of the application  6. REGULAR BUSINESS  6.a. SUBJECT: Consideration and Necessary Action on Adoption ofan Ordinance Amending Section 8.70.140 of the Orange Cove RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends that the Council approve the ordinance amending section 8.70.140 of the Orange Cove Municipal Code  Crouch  Municipal Code  7. STAFF COMMUNICATIONS  Parra Fire Chief  8. Orange Cove Fire Protection District SUBJECT: Department Report by O.C. Fire Protection District Fire Chief RECOMMENDATION: Informational Only  9. PUBLIC COMMENTS  Notice(s) to the Public: This is the opportunity for any member oft the public to address the City Council on any item over which the Council has jurisdiction. No action or discussion will be taken on any item not on the agenda. Issues raised will be referred to the City Manager forreview. Members oft the public shall limit their remarks to three  (3) minutes and no more than 15 minutes per topic.  10. CITY MANAGER'S REPORT 11. CITY ATTORNEY'S REPORT 12. CITY COUNCIL COMMUNICATIONS  13. CLOSED SESSION  None Scheduled  3    14. ADJOURNMENT  ADA Notice: In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, if you need special assistance to participate in this meeting, please contact the City Clerk at (559) 626-4488 ext. 213. Notification 48 hours prior to the meeting will enable the city to make arrangements to Documents: Any writings or documents provided to a majority oft the City Council regarding any item on this agenda will be made available for public inspection at the front counter at City Hall, Orange Cove, CA during normal business hours. In addition, most documents are posted  ensure accessibility to this meeting.  on the City's website at tyolorangecove.com    STATEMENT ON RULES OF DECORUM AND ENFORCEMENT The Brown Act provides that members of the public have a right to attend public meetings, to provide public comment on action items and under the public forum section of the agenda, and to criticize the policies, procedures, or services of the city or oft the acts or omissions of the city council. The Brown Act also provides that the City Council has the right to exclude all persons who willfully cause a disruption of a meeting sO that  ito cannot be conducted in an orderly fashion.  During a meeting of the Orange Cove City Council, there is a need for civility and expedition in the carrying out of public business in order to ensure that the public has a full opportunity to be heard and that the Council has an opportunity to conduct business in an orderly manner. The following is provided to place everyone on notice of the rules  of decorum and enforcement.  GENERAL RULES OF DECORUM  While any meeting of the City Council is in session, the following rules of 1. All remarks shall be addressed to the City Council as a whole and not to any single member, unless in response to a question from a member of the City 2. A person who addresses the City Council under public comment for a specific agenda item or under the Public Forum section of the agenda may not engage in speech or conduct (1) which is likely to provoke others to violent or riotous behavior, (i) which disturbs the peace of the meeting by loud and unreasonable noise, (ii) which is irrelevant or repetitive, or (iv) which disrupts, disturbs, or otherwise impedes the orderly conduct of any City Council 3. A person, other than members of the Council and the person, who has the floor, shall. not be permitted to enter into the discussion unless requested by 4. Members of the City Council may not interrupt a person who has the floor and isn making public comments. Members of the City Council shall wait until a person completes his or her public comments before asking questions or commenting. The mayor shall then ask Councilmembers if they have 5. No person in the audience at a Council meeting shall engage in disorderly or boisterous conduct, including the utterance of loud, threatening or abusive language, whistling, stamping of feet or other acts which disturb, disrupt or otherwise impede the orderly conduct of any Council meeting.  decorum shall be observed:  Council.  meeting.  the mayor to speak.  comments or questions.  5    ENFORCEMENT OF DECORUM RULES (Resolution No. 2012-16)  While the City Council is in session, all persons must preserve order and decorum. A person who addresses the city council under public comment for a specific agenda item or under the Public Forum section of the agenda may not engage in speech or conduct which is likely to provoke others to violent or riotous behavior, which disturbs the peace of the meeting by loud and unreasonable noise, which is irrelevant or repetitive, or which disrupts, disturbs, or otherwise The mayor or other presiding officer shall request that a person who is breaching the rules of decorum cease such conduct. If after receiving such a warning, the person persists in breaching the rules of decorum, the mayor or other presiding officer may order the person to leave the City Council meeting. Ifsuch person does not leave, the mayor or presiding officer may request any law enforcement officer who is on duty at the meeting as sergeant-at-arms to remove the person from the Council Chambers. In the event there is no one from law enforcement present, the mayor or presiding officer may direct the City Manager to contact  impedes the orderly conduct of any City Council meeting.  law enforcement.  Ina accordance with the Point of Order Rule 4.6, the majority ofi the Council may overrule the mayor if the majority of the Council believes the mayor or other presiding officer is not applying the rules of decorum appropriately.  6    V.a.  ORANGE COVE CITY COUNCIL REGULAR MEETING Wednesday, October 09, 2024, at 6:30 PM City Council Chambers- 633 6th Street, Orange Cove, CA 93646  MINUTES  1. MEETING CALLED TO ORDER  Mayor Guerra-Silva called the meeting to order at 6:30 PM.  ROLLCALL COUNCIL PRESENT:  Council Member Maria Vacio (via Zoom) Council Member Esperanza Rodriguez Council Member Josie Cervantes Mayor Pro Tem Gilbert Garcia Mayor Diana Guerra Silva  CITY STAFF PRESENT: City Manager Parra, Assistant City Manager/Director of Public Works Dominguez, City Attorney Crouch, Police Chief Pena, Assistant Finance Director Jimenez and City Clerk Cisneros.  Invocation: Mayor Pro Tem Garcia Flag Salute: Council Member Rodriguez 2. CONFIRMATION OF AGENDA  Agenda Item 5.a. will be moved after 5.c. On agenda item 5.c., Council Member Vacio will comment. The information on agenda item 5.c. will be made by  Jimenez, not Parra. 3. PRESENTATION None scheduled 4. CONSENT CALENDAR Orange Cove City Council Fresno for Law Enforcement  4.a. Minutes of the September 25, 2024, Regular Meeting of 4.b. Consideration and Necessary Action to Adopt  Resolution No. 2024-31 to approve 2024-2029 Services Agreement with the County of    Mayor Pro Tem Garcia motioned, and Council Member Cervantes seconded to accept and approve the consent calendar. The motion was unanimously carried. A roll call vote  was called. 5. REGULAR BUSINESS  5.b. Consderation/Necessany Action on Approval of an Ordinance Amending Section City Attorney Crouch addressed the council regarding cannabis operations in the city. Public Comments opened to discuss agenda item 5.b. (in person & via Zoom), Council Member Cervantes motioned, and Council Member Rodriguez seconded to approve the ordinance amending section 8.70.140 of the Orange Cove Municipal Code  8.70.140 of the Orange Cove Municipal Code No members of the public spoke.  The motion carried with the following vote: AYES: 3 COUNCIL MEMBERS: Cervantes, Rodriguez, Vacio NOES: 2 COUNCIL MEMBERS: Garcia, Guerra-Silva ABSTAIN: 0 COUNCIL MEMBERS: None ABSENT: 0 COUNCIL MEMBERS: None  A roll call vote was called.  5.c. Consideration and Necessary Action on Approval for Resolution No. 2024-30 Approving the contract between the City of Orange Cove and the Fresno-Madera Area Agency on Aging for FY 2024-2025, The amount awarded was $24,000. Assistant Finance Director Danny Jimenez addressed the council and the public. Public Comments opened to discuss agenda item 5.c. (in person & via Zoom), Mayor Pro Tem Garcia motioned, and Council Member Cervantes seconded to Approve Resolution No. 2024-30 Approving the contract between the City of Orange Cove and the Fresno-Madera Area Agency on Aging for FY 2024-2025, The amount awarded was $24,000accept. The motion was unanimously carried. A roll call vote was 5.a. Consideration and Necessary Action on Adoption of Resolution 2024-28 Council Member Vacio commented. She will need to abstain from agenda item City Attorney Crouch addressed the council. The resolution is to declare a piece of property that the city owns surplus. The property is where the Target Eight Child Care Public Comments opened to discuss agenda item 5.c. (in person & via Zoom). Two  No members of the public spoke.  called.  Declaring APN 378-252-10T Surplus 5.a., as she is an employee of Target 8.  Facility operates from. members of the public spoke.    Mayor Pro Tem Garcia motioned, and Council Member Cervantes seconded to move to Adopt Resolution 2024-28 Declaring APN 378-252-10T Surplus. The motion carried AYES: 4 COUNCIL MEMBERS: Cervantes, Rodriguez, Garcia, Guerra-Silva  with the following vote:  NOES: 0 COUNCIL MEMBERS: None ABSTAIN: 1 COUNCIL MEMBERS: Vacio ABSENT: 0 COUNCIL MEMBERS: None  A roll call vote was called. 6. STAFF COMMUNICATIONS be provided today.  City Manager Parra addressed the council. There are no staff reports that will  6.a. Orange Cove Fire Protection District-Information Only No one was present from the Orange Cove Fire Protection District.  7. PUBLIC COMMENTS  Two members of the public spoke. 8. CITY MANAGER'S REPORT 9. CITY ATTORNEY'S REPORT Nothing to report. 10. CITY COUNCIL COMMUNICATIONS Mayor Pro Tem Garcia:  Halloween Event at the park on 10/31  Thanked the staff for their hard work at Sheridan Park Playground  National Night Out is on October 22nd  Mayor Guerra-Silva  Thanked City Manager Parra & Staff for all their hard work at Sheridan Park Thanked all the High School students for attending the meeting  Playground. She's heard lots of good feedback.  11.CLOSED SESSION None Scheduled at 6:56 PM. Respectfully submitted, Cynthia Cisneros City Clerk  1Z-ADJOURNMENTE There being no further business, the meeting was adjourned  Diana Guerra-Silva Mayor    4.b.  For the Meeting of Octobe 23, 2024  CITY OF ORANGE COVE REPORT TO CITY COUNCIL  To: From: Subject:  Orange Cove City Council  Dario Dominquez, Assistant City Manager /F Public Works Director  Authorize the City Manager or authorized Designee to Execute a "Common Use Agreement" between the City of Orange Cove and the Orange Cove Irrigation District (OCID) - Governing the Roles & Responsibilities of each agency with respect to existing OCID pipeline infrastructure and proposed City Improvements tol be constructed as part oft the Park Boulevard Infrastructure Improvement project. Agreement for Common Use /Park Boulevard & Anchor Avenue Area  Attachment(s): RECOMMENDATION:  Authorize the City Manager or authorized Designee to Execute a "Common Use Agreement" between the City of Orange Cove and the Orange Cove Irrigation District (OCID). The Common Use Agreement defines the roles and responsibilities of each agency with respect to repair and maintenance of an existing OCID irrigation pipeline, as well as the restoration and repair of City infrastructure damaged as The agreement is required in order to secure OCID approval to construct the Park Boulevard Infrastructure Improvement project funded by the Economic Development Administration (EDA), and it The agreement has been reviewed and approved by the City's legal counsel, and has been approved by the OCID Governing Board. The general area of application is the NW corner of Anchor and Sumner  a result of a maintenance repair or unforeseen break.  is the opinion of Staff, the agreement is fair and equitable to both parties.  Avenue as defined in Exhibits A and B of the Common Use Agreement attachment.  BACKGROUND:  On or about March 15, 2022 the City secured a grant from the U.S. Department of Commerce = Economic Development Administration (EDA) in the amount $1,942,800 fori the construction oft the Park Boulevard Infrastructure project. The project will significantly improve water, sewer, and storm drainage infrastructure west of the intersection of Park Boulevard and Anchor Avenue. In addition, the project calls for the widening of Sumner Avenue to the west and Anchor Avenue to the north, relative to the The widening will utilize thei full City half street Right-of-Way (measured from centerline) to allow for the construction of additional travel lanes, medians, curbing and gutters. As a result of the widening, the pre-existing OCID pipeline running along the west side of Anchor and north side of Sumner, that was previously in the City's un-improved Right-of-Way, will now be overlapped by the improvements and will lie under sidewalk and /or paving. OCID has easement rights to operate in the City's right-of-way. The EDA grant did not allow for the relocation ofi the OCID pipeline, and a cost benefit analysis did not warrant a relocation at the sole expense of the City. An engineering analysis was conducted and it was determined the OCID pipeline was capable of withstanding the new traffic and surface loading  intersection of Park Boulevard and Anchor Avenue.  associated with the improvements.    Authorization to Execute Common Use Agreement with OCID  Page 2  After discussions with OCID, they were supportive of the plan to leave the pipeline in place; however, they did not want to be held liable or responsible for the repair of City installed improvements, covering their pipeline in the event of a leak or line break. OCID would repair any and all leaks /breaks, etc. - in a timely manner; however, the repair of paving and 1/ or concrete flat work would be born by the City. OCID does not have the expertise, resources, or budget to deal with paving and concrete repairs. The City anticipates a break / significant leak of the subject OCID pipeline, requiring a repair to be a rare occurrence, occurring at the same frequency as the City's municipal water distribution pipeline The attached Common Use Agreement provides the detailed framework of the roles and responsibilities of both agencies as it applies to the repair and maintenance of the OCID irrigation pipeline in the City right-of-way where covered by surface improvements. Agreements oft this nature are common for many Municipalities and Irrigation Districts where growth has encroached on agricultural lands.  main system.  FISCAL IMPACT:  No direct fiscal impact. At the conclusion of construction and acceptance by the Park Boulevard Infrastructure Improvement project, the City will take on repair and restoration responsibilities of surface infrastructure in the event of a leak or break in the OCID pipeline for the area of application identified  ini the Common Use agreement. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW:  All Environmental Reviews have been completed for the project as part of the EDA Environmental Narrative requirements and review process for the overall Park Boulevard Infrastructure Improvement  project (Federal Award ID# 07-01-07532). CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:  None  Reviewed: Assistant City Manager: Dario Dominguez Finance: Approved: Assistant City Manager: Dario Dominguez  City Attorney:  TYPE OF ITEM: XC Consent Info Item Action Item Department Report Redevelopment Agency  COUNCIL ACTION: APPROVED DENIED  NOACTION  Public Hearing Other Continued to:  Matter Initiated by a Council Member    AGREEMENT FOR COMMON USE PARK: BOULEVARD & ANCHOR AVENUE AREA  *****  THIS. AGREEMENI, made and entered into this  day of  2024, by  and between the ORANGE COVE IRRIGATION. DISTRICT ("DISTRICT"): and the CITY OF ORANGE COVE ("CITY") with reference to the following. DISTRICTand CITY are hereinafter collectively referred to as the "Parties"and: singularly as a "Party."  RECITALS:  A. DISTRICT is the Qwner of a pre-existing underground irrigation pipeline ("Pipeline")! located within thel Park) Boulevardi right-of-way, between Monson_Avenue and Anchor Avenue, and within the Anchor Avenue right-of-way, between Park Boulevard and East Railroad Avenue, in the City of Orange Cove, California. The Pipeline is located within areas subject to B. CITY holds rights-of-way rights with respect to the Park Boulevard and Anchor Avenue rights-of-way, and CITY intends to utilize its rights for the purpose of constructing, maintaining, repairing, and improving street paving, sidewalks, curb, gutters, and underground water, sanitary sewer, and storm drain lines, and associated public improvements (collectively Improvements"). The areas subject to CITY's rights-of-way rights are more particularly describedi in the attached Exhibit "A,"which is incorporated herein by reference.  DISTRICT's easement rights.  C. CITY's rights-of-way rights overlap DISTRICT's easement rights for the Pipeline, which overlapping portion is more specifically described as that area shown on the diagram attached hereto as Exhibit "B," which is incorporated herein by reference, such overlapping area being hereby designated as the "Area of Common Use." For purposes oft this Agreement, the Area of Common Use is limited to only that area subject to DISTRICT's easement rights.  D. DISTRICT and CITY wish to establish certain conditions under which the Area of  Common Use shall be used by thel Parties.  AGREEMENT:  NOW,THEREFORE, it is agreed as follows:  I  DISTRICT hereby consents to the use by CITY of the Area of Common Use for purposes of constructing, maintaining, repairing, improving, and operating the Improvements. CITY's use oft the Area of Common Use shall bes subject to DISTRICT's right to use the Area ofCommon Use in accordance with DISTRICT's existing easement rights and the terms and conditions herein contained. CITY acknowledges that, by DISTRICT's consent to CITY's use of the Area of Common Use, DISTRICT is making noi representation or warranty regarding the existence orI non- existence ofa any third parties claiming a right, title, or interest in the Area of Common Use. CITY    may exercise its right-of-way rights outside of the Area of Common Use, including, without limitation, any areas that are not subject tol DISTRICT's easement rights, in any manner that CITY deems appropriate as long as CITY does not unduly interfere with DISTRICT's easement rights.  II  CITY shall, at its own cost and with DISTRICT's prior approval, locate, construct, maintain, repair, improve, and operate the Improvements in the. Area of Common Use in such a manner and of such material as may be required sO that it will not, at any time, be a source of danger to or interference with the Pipeline. CITY is specifically required to coordinate the construction of the Improvements sO that it does not interfere with DISTRICT's water delivery and maintenance schedules of DISTRICT's facilities existing in accordance with its easement  rights.  The right oft the DISTRICT to approve such construction details is solely for the benefit of the DISTRICT and is not intended to assign to DISTRICT any responsibility for the safe and proper construction oft the Improvements, such responsibility and liability being entirely borne by CITY. Approval by the DISTRICT of construction details shall not result in an assumption of  liability for the Improvements.  II  All of the Improvements constructed or installed pursuant to this Agreement shall be the property ofCITY, and all appurtenances and facilities installed or existing in the Area of Common Use which are related to DISTRICT's facilities shall be the property of DISTRICT. Except as herein otherwise provided, neither DISTRICT: nor CITY shall have any right, title, or control over  the other's property other than it already has under applicable law.  IV  Except as expressly set forth herein, this Agreement shall not in any way alter, modify, or terminate DISTRICT's existing easement rights. Both DISTRICT and CITY shall use the Area of Common Usei in such a manner as not to unreasonably interfere with the rights ofone another, and nothing herein shall be construed as ar release or waiver ofany claim for compensation or damages which DISTRICT or CITY may now have, or may hereafter acquire, resulting from the construction or alteration of existing facilities or the construction or alteration of additional facilities by either DISTRICT or CITY which causes damage to or unreasonable interference with  the use ofthe Area of Common Use by the other Party.  V  CITY shall be responsible to pay, and shall reimburse DISTRICT upon demand, for any reasonable cost incurred by DISTRICT for work performed by DISTRICT that is caused by or required by CITY's construction, maintenance, repair, improvement, or operation of the Improvements, whether such work was completed at CITY's expense or as reasonably determined  to bei necessary by DISTRICT.  2    DISTRICT may, if necessary, undertake all reasonable actions to repair the Pipeline, and CITY acknowledges that such work may result in damage to the Improvements. In such case, DISTRICT will not be responsible for repairing or restoring the Improvements; however, such relief from liability will apply only if the required repairs to the Pipeline result in unavoidable damage tot the Improvements and DISTRICT coordinates with CITY priort to undertaking any work sO damage to the Improvements may be minimized. DISTRICT will, however, be responsible for repairing any damage to the Improvements that it causes while engaging in non-repair work,  including, without limitation, alteration, or improvement oft the Pipeline.  Except as described herein, DISTRICT and CITY shall be responsible for the operation, maintenance, repair, alteration, improvement, and relocation of their respective facilities within  the Area of Common Use.  Nothing in this Agreement shall relieve the Parties from any responsibility for damage to  the other's property located outside of the Area of Common Use.  VI  Tot the fullest extent] permitted by law, CITYagrees to be solely responsible for any and all injuries, damages, and claims toj persons or property arising out ofi its use of the Area of Common Use, except for any such claims arising out oft the willful misconduct or negligence OfDISTRICT or its directors, officers, employees, or authorized volunteers. CITY agrees to defend, hold harmless, and indemnify DISTRICT, its directors, officers, employees, or authorized volunteers To the fullest extent permitted by law, DISTRICT agrees to be solely responsible for any and all injuries, damages, and claims to persons or property arising out ofi its use oft the Area of Common Use, except for any such claims arising out of the willful misconduct or negligence of CITY or its council members, officers, employees, or authorized volunteers. DISTRICT agrees to defend, hold harmless, and indemnify CITY, its council members, officers, employees, or  against any and all such injuries, damages, and claims.  authorized volunteers against any and all such injuries, damages, and claims.  VII  Except in the event of an emergency or as necessary to. maintain the flow of water in Pipeline, each Party shall give at least ten (10) business days' written notice before performing or permitting any work affecting the other's facilities in the Area of Common Use and shall furnish the other Party with plans and specifications describing the work to be done beforehand. The reviewing Party shall have the right to specify reasonable conditions on, or changes in, the proposed work and schedule when necessary to prevent damage toi its facilities or interference with  its operations in the Area of Common Use.  Each Party agrees to repair any damage to the other Party's facilities caused by work permitted, directed, or performed by it within the Area of Common Use, except when the  3    Improvements are unavoidably damaged by. DISTRICT to repair the Pipeline, in which case In the event of an emergency, no notice shall be required and either Party may proceed to do what is reasonably necessary to prevent serious loss or damage and top protect public health and safety. An emergency shall be deemed to existi ifimmediate: action is reasonably required to prevent serious loss or damage to life or property or to protect public health and safety.  DISTRICT shall have no obligation to restore the affected Improvements.  Neither Party shall permit installation of facilities by others in the Area of Common Use  without the written consent oft the other Party.  VIII IX  This Agreement shall apply to and bind successors and assigns of the respective Parties  hereto.  Violation of any term oft this Agreement shall be cause of termination of the. Agreement, andi ins such an event, the Parties shall have all remedies available at law or equity to enforce their respective rights to the unimpeded use of the Area of Common Use. No termination of this Agreement shall release either Party from liability hereunder, whethero ofindemnity or otherwise.  X  If an action at law or in equity is necessary to enforce or interpret the terms of this Agreement, the prevailing partys shall be entitled to reasonable attorneys' fees, costs, and necessary disbursements in addition to any other reasonable relief to which hei may be entitled. With respect to any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or related to this Agreement, or the documentation related hereto, thej parties hereby submit to the jurisdiction and venue ofthe Superior Court for the  County of] Fresno, State of California for any proceeding arising hereunder.  XI  This Agreement supersedes any and all othera agreements, either oral or in writing, between the parties hereto with respect to the matters set forth herein and contains all ofthe covenants and agreements between the parties regarding said matters. Each Party acknowledges that no representations, inducements, promises or agreements, orally or in writing, have been madel by any party or anyone acting on behalf of any party which are: not embodied in this Agreement and no  otheragreement, statement or promise shall be valid or binding.  XII  Ifany provision ofthis Agreement is held by a court ofo competent jurisdiction tol bei invalid, void, or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall nevertheless continue in full force and effect  without being impaired or invalidated in any way.  II  4    II  XIII  No change, amendment or modification of this Agreement shall be valid unless the same  bei in writing and signed by the parties hereto.  XIV  Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, any notice, consent, authorization or other communication to be given hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed duly given and received when delivered personally, one (1) business day after being deposited for next-day delivery with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, or three (3) business days after being mailed by certified mail, with return receipt requested, properly addressed to the party to receive such notice at the last address furnished for such purpose by the party to whom notice is  directed and addressed as follows: City of Orange Cove Attn: City Manager 633 Sixth St. Orange Cove, CA 93646  Orange Cove Irrigation District Attn: Engineer Manager 1130 Park Blvd. Orange Cove, CA 93646  XV  Waiver ofal breach or default under this Agreement shall not constitute: a continuing waiver IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the day  ofas subsequent breach oft the same or any other provision under this Agreement  and year first above written. "CITY" City of Orange Cove  "DISTRICT"  Orange Covel Irrigation District  By:  DANIELT.PARRA City Manager  dAni A. MORRISSENZ Manager  Engineer    5    EXHIBIT. A AREA OFCOMMON USE  That portion oft the Northeast quarter of Section1 14, Township 15 South, Range 24 East, Mount Diablo Base and Meridian, int the City of Orange Cove, County of Fresno, State of BEGINNING att the East quarter cornerofs said! Section 14, being thei intersection of the centeruines of East Sumner Avenue and South Anchor Avenue; thence 1): North 880 55'54"West, along the South line of said Northeast quarter, a distance of 1293.14f feett to the southerly prolongation oft the' West line of Lot 15 as shown on Map of Orange Cove Tract No. 1 recorded in Book 9 of Records of Survey, Page 33, 2) North 00°58'1 18"East, along said prolongation, a distance of 50.00 feet; thence 3) South 88°5 55'54"E East, along a line thati is parallel with and 50.001 feetnorth of said 5) North 00°58'1 14"East, along a line that is parallel with and 42.00 feet west ofthe East line of said Northeast quarter, a distance of 258.001 feet to a point on al line that is parallel with and 321.00 feet north ofs said South line; thence 6) South 88° 55'54"E East, along said parallel line, a distance of 12.00 feet to aj point on al line thati is parallel with and 30.00 feet west of said East line; thence 7) North 00058'14"East, along said parallel Uine, a distance of 1210.501 feet; thence 8) South 89°01'46"E East, a distance of 30.00 feet to the East line of said Northeast 9) South 00°58'14"West, along said East line, a distance of 1531.561 feet tot thel POINT  California, described asi follows:  Fresno County Records; thence  South line, ac distance of 1238.141 feet; thence 4) North 46°01'08"E East, a distance of 18.37 feet; thence  quarter; thence OFBEGINNING.  Contains an area of: 2.58 Acres, more orless.  AND D. - EJR. DATE 6-30-2024 LS5036    FN 1/4 COR. SEC. 14 15/24 M.D.B.M.  NW COR. SEC. 13 15/24 M.D.B.M  EASTADAMSAVENUE  Line Table  APN 375-040-020  Line # Length  Direction  L1 18.37 N46" 01' 08'E L2 258.00 NOO' 58' 14'E L3 12.00 588" 55' 54'E L4 30.00 589 01' 46'E 15 50.00 NOO 58' 18'E  DOC. 2024-0063474 EGR  APN 375-040-039  LAND. D. LS 5096 Exp. Dote 6-30-25/  SCALE 1"=250 125 250'  APN.375-040-026  42' POINT OF BEGINNING PARK BOULEVARD CENTERLINE OF ROAD EXISTING PROPERTY LINES AREA OF COMMON USE IRRIGATION DISTRICT AND THE cmy OF ORANGE COVE  588'5554E 1238.14" N885554W 1293.14'  SMSUM ERAVENUE EXISTING CENTER LNE- TEAST 1/4CORSEC. 14 15/24 M.D.B.M.- LEGEND  -CENTER 1/4 COR. SEC. 14 15/24_M.D.B.M.  EXHIBIT  "B"  PA BETWEEN ORANGE COVE OCID/OC AREA OF COMMONUSE 09/04/2024 23-232.011  EXHIBITB  PROJECTNAME  SHEET 10F1  PRECISION DESCRIPTION: CIVIL ENGINEERING. INC.  PORTION OF THE NE 1/4 OF SECTION 14, T15S, R24E    Yc  Fori the Meeting of October 23, 2024  CITY OF ORANGE COVE REPORT TO CITY COUNCIL  To: From: Subject: Attachments: RECOMMENDATION:  Orange Cove City Council  Dario Dominquez, Assistant City Manager/P Public Works Director Notice of Completion/Acceplance - Sheridan Park Playground Equipment  Procurement & Installation Resolution 2024-34  Adopt Resolution 2024-34, accepting work and authorizing the Notice of Completion toi the KYA Group forthe Sheridan Park Playground Equipment Procurement & Installation project for a final contract price of $654,205.68. Staff further recommends that the City Manager or his designee be authorized to execute and file a Notice of Completion and Acceptance of said public works and improvements  described herein as required by law.  BACKGROUND:  On July 20 of 2022, the City secured a grant from the Clean California Local Grant Program, administered throughi the State Department of Transportation (Caltrans) ini the amount of $2,525,000.00 On. June 5 of 2024, a public bid opening was held and two (2) bid proposals were received. The project was awarded to the KYA Group on June 12 of 2024 for the base bid amount of $639,055.68. The Council award authorization (Resolution 2024-13) included a $32,000 contingency to address During the course of construction, the contractor was issued three (3) change orders for a total amount of $15,150.00. The change orders were issued sO that the new playground structure could be made ADA accessible to the public in advance of the completion of the overall Sheridan Park Renovation The final project inspection was conducted on September 23 of 2024. All punch list items were completed to the satisfaction of the City Public Works Director and the project Playground Equipment was opened to the public on September 26 of 2024. A conditional project acceptance was issued to the KYA Group on the September 26th to facilitate the opening of the playground structure, pending The one (1) year project warranty began on the September 26 of 2024, and will end on September 26 of 2024 based on the conditional approval issue date. Project construction was completed within the October 13 of 2024 time of completion date specified. The grant funding available to complete the remaining Sheridan Park Revitalization & Orange Cove Welcome Sign project, less the Playground Staff recommends the project be closed out, issue a Notice of Completion, and release project retention  for the Renovation of Sheridan Park and Orange Cove Welcome Signs.  unforeseen conditions for a total authorization of $671,055.68.  project. The final price totaled $654,205.68 (Base Contract + CO#'s 1,2&3).  formal Council approval of the Notice of Completion and Acceptance.  Equipment component is, $1,870,794.32. as prescribed in the contract documents.    Notice of Completion - Sheridan Park Playground Equipment Procurement and Installation  Page 2  FISCAL IMPACT: General Fund.  The project award is 100% funded through the Clean California Local Grant Program. The City will be responsible for routine, non-warranty related, maintenance and up-keep of the equipment through its  ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW:  All Environmental Reviews have been completed for the project and a Notice of Categorical Exception (Receipt No. E202410000053) filed with Fresno County and the California Department of Fish and  Wildlife in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).  CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:  None  APPROVE: Dario Dominguez TYPE OF ITEM: X_Consent Info Item Action Item Department Report Redevelopment Agency  Finance:  City Attorney:  COUNCIL ACTION: APPROVED DENIED  NO ACTION  Public Hearing Other Continued to:.  Matter Initiated by a Council Member    RESOLUTION NO. 2024-34  A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ORANGE COVE ACCEPTINGTHE COMPLETION OF THE SHERIDAN PARK PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT PROCUREMENT & INSTALLATION PROJECT  WHEREAS, the Sheridan Park Playground Equipment Procurement & Installation project WHEREAS, the project work for Sheridan Park Playground Equipment Procurement & Installation project has been completed and accepted by the City Council with Resolution 2024-  was awarded by the City Council on. June 12, 2024 (Resolution 2024-13); and  34 on October 23, 2024; and  WHEREAS, all project work within the public right-of-way and confines of the project boundary as identified in the contract documents have been completed by the Contractor (KYA  Group) in accordance with the approved plans and specifications; and  WHEREAS, all such construction has been approved by the City Engineer and Director WHEREAS, Performance and Labor and Materials bond securities were furnished to the City in accordance with the terms of the standard City of Orange Cove Public Works Agreement  ofPublic Works; and  for the project.  NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Orange Cove that the public improvements constructed for the Sheridan Park Playground Equipment Procurement & Installation project are approved and accepted, and authorization is given to the City Manager orl his designee to release projectbond securities, payment retentions, and file Notice ofCompletion and Acceptance for said improvements in accordance with the conditions and rules  ofGovernment Code 66499.7.  PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 23rd day of October 2024, at a regular  meeting oft the Orange Cove City Council by the following vote:  AYES: NOES: ABSTAIN: ABSENT:  APPROVED:  Diana Guerra Silva, Mayor  ATTEST:  Cynthia Cisneros, City Clerk    5.ax  For the Meeting of October 23, 2024  CITY OF ORANGE COVE  REPORT TO THE ORANGE COVE CITY COUNCIL  To: From: Subject:  Orange Cove City Council Shun Patlan,  Director of  sh  Planning and Buildingl  Adoption of Resolution No.2024-32 adopting a Common Sense Exemption as the Environmental Finding for the Housing Element and Approving General Plan Amendment GPA No. 24-01 adopting the 6th Cycle 2023-2031 Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element and 2023-2031 Orange Cove Housing Element as per the recommendation of the Orange Cove Planning Attachments: Mult-Jurisdictional City of Orange Cove Draft Housing Element  Commission.  RECOMMENDATION:  1) Staff recommends that the Orange Cove City Council hold a public hearing on the General Plan Amendment GPA 24-01 adopting the 6th Cycle 2023-2031 Multi-Jurisdictional 2) Staff recommends that the Orange Cove City Council approve Resolution No. 2024-32 adopting a common Sense Exemption as the Environmental Finding for the Orange Cove Housing Element and Approving Geneal Plan Amendment GPA 24-01 adopting the 6th Cycle 2023-2031 MulthJurisdictional Housing Element as per the recommendation of the  Housing Element 2023-2031  Orange Cove Planning Commission  BACKGROUND:  The State of California requires each city (and county) to adopt a Housing Element every eight years as regulated by Government Code Section 65580. The Housing Element is a mandatory chapter of the City's General Plan. Dur to the increasing complexity of the Housing element. Most cities in Fresno County (except Clovis) banded together to prepare a single Mult-urisdictional The Housing Element assesses the housing needs of the community and sets forth a suite of goals and actions Orange Cove will take to address those housing needs. The City is assigned a  Housing Element.  certain number of dwellings that it should facilitate during the 8-year  1of2    time frame of the Element. The City of Orange Cove was assigned a total of 469 total As such, one of the primary goals of the current Housing Element is to identify space or capacity for the goal of 469 units and to develop and implement goals that will facilitate the development of those units during the eight-year 6th Cycle period. Fortunately, Orange Cove, according to its vacant sites inventory, provides a surplus of land that can accommodate an additional 237 units, 102 for lower-income units, above and beyond  housing units.  its RHNA number of 469.  Housing Element Organization and Summary  The Housing Element is organized into 7 different sections, as summarized below:  Summary of Needs and Conditions  A significant part of the Housing Element is an analysis of existing and past conditions related to housing in the City. The purpose of analyzing housing needs is to identify trends to inform the goals and policies included in the Housing Element. Topics that are analyzed to determine housing needs included  the following:  Population, Employment, and Household Characteristics  Overpayment and Overcrowding Housing Stock Characteristics Extremely Low-Income Housing Needs households, people with disabilities, and seniors  Special Housing needs such as farmworkers, large or female headed  The analysis of housing needs found that the population in Orange Cove grew approximately 1% between 2000 and 2022, which is slightly above the Fresno countywide growth rate of 2.0%. From 2010 to 2020 Orange Cove had a household growth rate of 3%. Other key findings in the summary of needs  section include:  The median age for Orange Cove residents is 25.8 years old.  The median household income for Orange Cove is $25,587. This compares The vacancy rate in Orange Cove is 2.0% regardless of tenure (tenure means units that are owner-occupied and renter-occupied).  to a Countywide median income of $57,209.    Approximately 53.9% of households overpay for housing, (spend more There are approximately 32.1% of households classified as large households, or those with five or more members per household.  than 30% of their income on housing).  Action Plan:  The Housing Element contains several goals, objectives and action programs designed to achieve and implement the overall goals of the Element. City is required to identify specific programs in the Housing Element to allow for The Action Plan also identifies a timeframe for implementation, the specific organization or department responsible for carrying out the action, and specific There are a total of 32 programs included in the City's Action Plan for the  and measurable outcomes.  Housing Element, spanning the following categories:  Regional Collaboration Adequate Sites Housing Quality Housing Assistance  Affordable Housing Development and Preservation: Removal of Governmental Constraints  Sites Inventory:  One of the key requirements of the Housing Element is to identify land available for the development of new housing (for all income groups). This can include vacant sites and sites with the potential for redevelopment. This also includes an analysis of the relationship between zoning and public facilities and services  (water and sewer service) for these sites.  Based on the sites inventory, the residential sites identified can accommodate an estimated 545 housing units, which includes 241 lower-income units, 73 moderate-income units, and 232 above-moderate-ncome units.  There are five affordability categories identified by HCD to determine income limits for housing program eligibility. These categories are based on Area Median Income (AMI). According to the Department of Housing and Urban Development  (HUD), the AMI for a four-person household in Fresno The income categories are generally as follows:  County was $72,900 in 2022.    Acutely Low Income: 0-15% of AMI Extremely Low Income: 15-30% AMI Very Low Income: 30-50% of AMI Moderate income: 80-120% of AMI Above Moderate Income: 121%+ of AMI  Lower Income: 50-80% of AMI; also used to categorized households earning 0-80% of AMI (combining income categories into one category)  The Site Inventory includes sites suitable for all income categories in Orange Cove.  Local Assessment of Fair Housing:  A major new requirement for Housing Elements is an analysis and planning for Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH). AFFH is defined. as "taking meaningful actions, in addition to combating discrimination, that overcome patterns of segregation and foster inclusive communities free from barriers that restrict access to opportunity based on protected characteristics." Through community outreach, research and analysis, and study sessions to gain local knowledge, the Housing Element has identified four fair housing issues in  Orange Cove:  High rate of overpayment and overcrowding, and high risk of  displacement (loss of housing) Flood risk for some households Limited access to services and resources Displacement risk for persons with disabilities  The Housing Element further identifies contributing factors for each of these housing issues and defines the meaningful actions to overcome and address these issues. These actions have been incorporated into the Housing Element  Action Plan. Constraints:  The constraints section of the Housing Element identifies potential and actual governmenta. restraints as they pertain to housing development in the City. Governmental constraints can include land use controls such as development standards contained in the Zoning Ordinance, land use policies that do not comply with fair housing laws, and lengthy, expensive, and daunting permitting  and processing procedures.    The constraints section also identifies non-governmenta constraints to evaluate how these might inhibit housing development in the city. Non-governmental constraints include factors outside of the local government's control and primarily market-driven, such as land costs, construction costs, and the  availability of financing.  Ultimately, the City of Orange Cove provides for a variety of housing types; however, the Zoning Ordinance should be amended to address compliance with State law, development standards, and barriers for special needs housing. Several programs have been incorporated into the Housing Element Action Plan to  address these constraints. Review of Past Accomplishments:  The Housing Element includes an evaluation of programs included in the previous cycle. This evaluation discusses the implementation status of each program and provides recommendations regarding whether to continue or extend each program. Some of the programs from the last cycle were determined to still be effective in meeting housing goals and community needs; thus, they  were carried over to the 6th Cycle Program.  Public Outreach and Engagement  As part of the Housing Element, iti is required that the city make a "diligent effort to achieve public participation of all economic segments of the community in the development of the Housing Element, and the program shall describe this effort." This means that routine public notices are not enough, and that each city should take active steps toward involving and soliciting public input. In an effort to meet State requirements and outreach to the community, the following community outreach efforts  were completed:  Regional Project Website: A website for the multi-jurisdictional housing element was set up for the duration of this effort and was regularly updated to include updates on community events as well as drafts of the Housing Element. Stakeholder Consultations and Focus Groups: Stakeholder consultations and focus groups were coordinated throughout the summer and fall of 2022.  Organizations that participated include:  Building Industry Association (BIA) of Fresno/Madera Counties  Fair Housing of Central California Fresno Madera Continuum of Care Central Valley Urban Institute    Resources for Independence Central Valley  Fresno Housing Authority  Study Sessions with Planning Commission and City Council: A study session with both the Planning Commission and City Council was held in September 2022 to introduce the 2023-2031 Housing Element and review new State laws. This study Community Workshops: A community workshop was held in August 2022 to introduce the community to the process of developing a housing element. Information regarding current housing conditions in Orange Cove and Fresno County was provided, and the community was invited to participate ina a  session was also open. to the public.  discussion about local housing needs.  Environmental  The Housing Element is exempt from review for environmental impacts as a 'common sense" exemption under the California Environmental Quality Act, because the Element involves policies, programs, and actions that would not have the potential to cause a  significant physical effect on the environment.  Planning Commission Action  On September 5, 2024, the Orange Cove Planning Commission held a public hearing and unanimously approved a resolution recommending the City Council adopt the  Housing Element and the environmental finding.  Next Steps:  Following adoption of the Housing Element, 2023-2031, by the Planning Commission their recommendation will be forwarded to the Orange Cove City Council. Once the City Council approves the Housing Element it will be submitted to HCD to commence the 60-day certification review period. It is possible that HCD will require changes to the Element; in that case those amendments will return to the City Council for adoption.    ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW:  Pursuant to the California Environmental. Quality Act (CEQA), a Notice of Exemption was prepared in accordance with Section 15061(B)(3) under the Common Sense Exemption because the adoption of the 6th Cycle 2023-2031Mult-Jurisdictional Housing Element and 2023-2031 Orange Cove Housing Element update does not have the potential to cause a significant effect  on the environment.  CONFLICTS OF INTEREST:  None  FISCAL IMPACT: dedication.  There are no financial impacts associated with the acceptance of the subject easement  Shun Patlan a5  Director of Planning and Building REVIEW: City Manager: TYPE OF ITEM: Consent Info Item XAction Item  Finance:  City Attorney: NOA ACTION  COUNCIL ACTION: APPROVED DENIED  XI Public Hearing  Matter Initiated by a Council Member  Other  Department Report Redevelopment Agency  Continued to:  2of2    RESOLUTION 2024-32  A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ORANGE COVE ADOPTING A COMMON SENSE EXEMPTIONTO CEQA, AND APPROVING GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT (GPA 24 -01), ADOPTING THE 2023-2031 MULTI- JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT ANDTHE 2023-2031 ORANGE COVE HOUSING ELEMENT AS PER THE RECOMIMIENDATION OF THE ORANGE COVE  PLANNING COMMISSION  WHEREAS, California Government Code. Article 10.6 (Sections 65580-65590) requires that all California localities adopt Housing Elements as part oft their General Plans, consisting of standards and plans for the improvement ofhousing, for the provision ofa adequate sites for  housing, and for regional housing needs; and  WHEREAS, the draft 6th Cycle 2023-2031 Mult-Jurisdictional Housing Element and 2023-2031 Orange Cove Housing Element update has been prepared in accordance with the  requirements of State law; and  WHEREAS, the draft 6th Cycle 2023-2031 Muli-Jurisdictional Housing Element and 2023-2031 Orange Cove Housing Element update is required to be adopted by City Council and certified by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) for substantial compliance with Housing Element Law and the Planning Commission is required to  make a recommendation to City Council prior to its adoption; and  WHEREAS, on October 23, 2024 the Orange Cove City Council held a duly noticed public hearing to consider the environmental finding ofa Common Sense Exemption to CEQA and the draft 6th Cycle 2023-2031 Muli-Jurisdictional Housing Element and 2023-2031 Orange Cove. Housing Element update and unanimously recommended the City Council adopt the  environmental finding and 6th Cycle Housing Element update; and  WHEREAS, the draft 6th Cycle 2023-2031 Muli-urisdictional Housing Element and 2023-2031 Orange Cove Housing Element update was released for the required 30-day public review on September 22, 2023 and was noticed to residents through the same methods as the  Planning Commission and City Council hearings; and  WHEREAS, in December 2023 and in April 2024 HCD provided a comment letter to the City pursuant to Government Code Section 65585(b) reporting the results ofits review ofthe draft Housing Element update for compliance with the State Housing Element Law; and WHEREAS, the City ofOrange Cove revised the draft 6th Cycle 2023-2031 Multi- Jurisdictional Housing Element and 2023-2031 Orange Cove Housing Element update in an effort to address HCD's comments and resubmitted for a second time to HCD on April 11,2024. WHEREAS, pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), a Notice of Exemption was prepared in accordance with Section 15061(B)(3) under the "Common Sense"  -1-    Page 2  exemption because the adoption ofthe 6th Cycle 2023-2031 Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element and 2023-2031 Orange Cove Housing Element update does not have the potential to  cause a significant effect on the environment; and  WHEREAS, a duly noticed public hearing was held by the City Council for the review ofthe draft 6th Cycle 2023-2031 Mult-Jurisdictional Housing Element and 2023-2031 Orange Cove Housing Element update on. June 1, 2024 for the purposes of adoption and authorizing submittal ofthe draft Housing Element update to HCD for a 60-day Certification Review; and NOW,THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED NOW, that the City Council does hereby uphold the Planning Commission's recommendation and adopts a "Common Sense" Exemption to CEQA, and approves General Plan Amendment GPA 24-01 adopting the 2023-2031 Multi- Jurisdictional Housing Element and the 2023-2031 Orange Cove General Plan Housing Element.  The foregoing resolution was adopted upon a motion of Council member the 23rd of October, 2024 by the following roll call vote:  second by Council member  at a regular meeting of the Orange Cove City Council on  AYES: NOES: ABSTAIN: ABSENT:  Diana Guerra Silva Mayor    Page 3  Exhibit 1  Fresno County Multi-Jurisdictional 2023-2031 6th Cycle Housing Element City of Orange Cove 2023-2031 6th Cycle Housing Element  Draft Revision (to be attached)    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Fresno Multi-Jurisdictional 2023-2031 Housing Element  July 2024  A Regional Plan for Addressing Housing Needs  Fresno County . Coalinga . Firebaugh . Fowler . Fresno City . Huron . Kerman Kingsburg . Mendota . Orange Cove . Parlier . Reedley . SanJoaquin . Sanger . Selma    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Fresno MultiJursdictional 2023-2031 Housing Element  July 2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE Section 1J-0: Summary of Needs and Conditions,  Table of Contents  1J-0-1 1J-0-1 1J-0-4 1J-0-5 1J-1-1 1J-1-1 1J-1-3 .1J-1-5 1J-1-11 1J-1-16 1J-1-21 1J-2-1 .1J-2-1 .1J-2-2 1J-2-4 1J-2-5 1J-2-5 1J-2-20 1J-3-1 1J-3-1 1J-3-1 1J-3-3 1J-3-58 1J-3-61 1J-4-1 1J-4-1 1J-4-4 1J-4-8 1J-4-9 1J-4-16 1J-4-16 1J-4-19 1J-4-24 1J-4-24 1J-4-26 1J-5-1 1J-5-1  Housing Needs Assessment Housing Constraints Housing Resources, Section 1J-1: Action Plan Regional Collaboration Adequate Sites, Affordable Housing Development and Preservation: Removal of Governmental Constraints Housing Assistance. Quantified Objectives Section 1J-2: Sites Inventory Regional Housing Needs Allocation Planned and Approved Projects, Affordability Analysis of Market-Rate Homes. Vacant Sites Inventory Methodology RHNA Summary. Introduction Outreach, Assessment of Fair Housing Issues Sites Analysis. Contributing Factors. Section 1J-4: Constraints Land Use Controls Residential Development Standards Density Bonus, Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types On- Off-Site Improvements, Fees and Exactions. Processing and Permit Procedures Building Codes and Enforcement, At-Risk Analysis  Section 1J-3: Local Assessment of Fair Housing  Constraints on Housing for Persons with Disabilities: Section 1J-5: Review of Past Accomplishments Progress Toward Meeting the RHNA.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-i    APPENDIX 1J: TABLE OF CONTENTS  Section 1J-6: Public Outreach and Engagement. Joint Planning Commission/City Council Study Session.  1J-6-1 1J-6-1 1J-6-2 1J-6-2 1J-6-7 1J-6-7 .1J-6-7  Community Event. Local Stakeholder Consultations. Public Comments Noticing of Study Sessions and Community Workshops Noticing of the Draft Housing Element..  FIGURES  Figure 1J-2.1: Orange Cove Sites Inventory  1J-2-17 1J-2-18 1J-2-19 1J-3-5 1J-3-6 1J-3-9 1J-3-11 1J-3-12. 1J-3-13 1J-3-16 1J-3-18 1J-3-21 1J-3-23 1J-3-25 1J-3-27 1J-3-29 1J-3-33 1J-3-34 1J-3-35 1J-3-38 1J-3-41 1J-3-42. 1J-3-43 1J-3-50 1J-3-51  Figure 1J-2.2: Sites Inventory and FEMA 100-Year Flood Zones.. Figure 1J-2.3: Sites Inventory and Active Williamson Act Contracts.  Figure 1J-3.1: Orange Cove Census Tracts. Figure 1J-3.2: Orange Cove Block Groups..  Figure 1J-3.3: Total Non-White Population, Orange Cove, 2018. Figure 1J-3.4: Median Household Income by Race, Orange Cove, 2020. Figure 1J-3.5: Median Household Income by Block Group, Orange Cove, 2019. Figure 1J-3.6: Poverty Rates by Census Tract, Orange Cove, 2019. Figure 1J-3.7: Children in Female-Headed Households, Orange Cove, 2019. Figure 1J-3.8: Percentage of the Population with a Disability in Orange Cove. Figure 1J-3.10: TCAC Opportunity. Areas - Composite Score, Local, 2022.. Figure 1J-3.11: TCAC Educational Opportunity Scores.. Figure 1J-3.12: Job Proximity Index, Orange Cove, 2022. Figure 1J-3.13: CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Results, 2022. Figure 1J-3.14: Housing Tenure by Race, Orange Cove, 2022. Figure 1J-3.15: Vacant Housing Units by Type, Orange Cove, 2020.. Figure 1J-3.16: Housing Choice Vouchers and Subsidized Housing, Orange Cove, Figure 1J-3.17: Overcrowded Households, Orange Cove, 2021 Figure 6J-3.18: Overpayment and Median Rent, Orange Cove, 1980-2020. Figure 1J-3.19: Overpayment Among Renter Households, Orange Cove, 2014 and Figure 1J-3.20: Overpayment among Homeowners, Orange Cove, 2014 and 2019..  Figure 1J-3.9: R/ECAPS, Orange Cove.  2022..  2019..  Figure 1J-3.21: Elevated Displacement Risk. Figure 1J-3.22: Vulnerable Communities Designation.  1J-ii  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  TABLES  Table 1J-1.1: Quantified Objective Summary  1J-1-21 1J-2-2 1J-2-3 1J-2-4 1J-2-4 1J-2-7 1J-2-13 1J-2-20 .1J-3-8 1J-3-10 1J-3-15 1J-3-26 1J-3-31 1J-3-32 1J-3-40 1J-3-60 1J-3-61  Table 1J-2.1: Regional Housing Needs Allocation (June 30, 2023, to December 31,  2031)  Table 1J-2.2: Pipeline Projects, City of Orange Cove, 2023. Table 1J-2.3: Recent Home Sales, Orange Cove, 2022-2023. Table 1J-2.4: Fresno County Ability to Pay, Low to Moderate Income (2022); Table 1J-2.5: Recent. Affordable Housing Project Densities  Table 1J-2.6: Vacant Sites Inventory. Table 1J-2.7: RHNA Summary.  Table 1J-3.1: Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, Orange Cove, 2000-2020. Table 1J-3.2: Orange Cove Poverty Rates, 2010-2020. Table 1J-3.3: Households by Familial Status, 2020.. Table 1J-3.4: Travel Time to Work, Orange Cove, Fresno County, 2020. Table 1J-3.5: Fresno County Jurisdictions AllTransit Performance Scores.. Table 1J-3.6: Housing Stock Profile, Orange Cove, 2020. Table 1J-3.7: Housing Cost Burden by Income and Tenure, Orange Cove, 2015- Table 1J-3.9: Distribution of Housing Capacity and Fair Housing Indicators. Table 1J-3.10: Factors Contributing to Fair Housing Issues. Table 1J-4.1: General Plan Land Use Designations Permitting Residential Use Table 1J-4.2: Residential Use Types Allowed by Zoning District. Table 1J-4.3: Residential Development Standards. Table 1J-4.4: Analysis of Multifamily Zone Requirements for Prototype Site Table 1J-4.5: Residential Parking Requirements. Table 1J-4.6: Emergency Shelter Site Capacity in the R-3. Zone. Table 1J-4.7: Schedule of Fees for Residential Development. Table 1J-4.9: Development Impact Fees for Residential Projects Table 1J-4.9: Typical Processing Procedures by Project Type.. Table 1J-4.10: Assisted Housing Developments, Orange Cove. Table 1J-5.1: Units Built during RHNA Projection Period, Orange Cove, 2015-2023. Table 1J-5.2: Evaluation of Orange Cove 2015-2021 Housing Element  2019..  Table 1J-3.8: Inventory of Publicly. Assisted Housing Developments in Orange Cove.. . 1J-3-53  3 6 11 17 18 20 26 1J-5-1 1J-5-3  Development.  Implementation Measures.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-iii    APPENDIX 1J: TABLE OF CONTENTS This page intentionally left blank.  1J-iv  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  SECTION 1J-0: SUMMARY OF NEEDS AND CONDITIONS  Housing Needs Assessment Orange Cove's demographics. Key Findings Housing Element, including:  As part of the Housing Element, the City prepared a detailed Needs Assessment (Section 2) analyzing  The Needs Assessment identified a number of trends that informed the goals and policies of the updated  The city's average annual population growth was 1.0 percent between 2000 and 2022, lower than the countywide average growth rate of2.0 percent. However average annual growth in the number ofh households in the city was 3.0 percent between 2010 and 2020, which was significantly higher Approximately one-third ofOrange Cove residents (37.4 percent) were school-aged students (ages The majority of Orange Cove residents, 94.9 percent, identified as Hispanic or Latino ofa any race. The average number of persons per household in the city was higher than the countywide average The median household income in Orange Cove in 2020 was $25,587, thel lowest in the county. The Orange Cove had an oyer-representation of very-low-income families compared. to other jurisdictions in the county, with 28.4 percent of families having incomes in this category. Approximately 42.6p percent of employed residents ofthe city worked in agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, or mining in 2020, and 10.9 percent of city residents were unemployed in 2022. More than half ofhouscholds (61.61 percent) in the city were: renters as of2020.  than the countywide average of0.7 percent.  5to 17 years), and the median age of city residents is 25.8 years,  (3.8 in Orange Cove compared to 3.1 countywide). countywide. median income in the same year was $57,109.  Orange Cove had the lowest vacancy rate in the county in 2022 at 2.0 percent across all housing units, regardless oftenure. This was as significant decrease fromi its 2010 vacancy rate of7.3 percent. Just over half of! housing units in the city (50.3 percent) were built more than 30 years ago, and 25.3 percent were built more than 50 years ago. Countywide, rates ofhousing stock in similar age More than half of1 households in the city overpaid for housing in 2018, with 53.9 percent of all households overpaying for housing compared to 37.8 percent across the county. However, the number of lower-income households overpaying for housing was lower in the city (65.7 percent The city had a higher rate of household overcrowding than the county as a whole among both  brackets were 64.5 and 32.9 percent, respectively.  compared to 70.61 percent countywide). renters and homeowners.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-0-1    SECTION 1J-0: SUMMARY OF NEEDS AND CONDITIONS  Orange Cove had a higher rate of large households, those with five or more members, than the county as a whole (32.1 percent ofhouseholds in the city compared to 18.1 percent countywide). Between 2021 and 2022, the average sale price ofa a home in the city increased by 153.8 percent compared to ani increase of15.4j percent in the county as a whole during thes same period. However, In2 2020, the percentage of the City's population that was aged 65 or older was lower than in the county as a whole (7.8 percent ofi the city compared to 12.0 percent oft the county). Just over half More than half off female-headed: households in the city (62.4 percent) were living under thej poverty level. Additionally, thej percentage ofOrange Cove households withs single femalel heads ofhousehold was higher than the countywide rate (17.1 percent in Orange Cove compared to 7.3 percent in the county), which made it the city with thel highest rate ofthis household typei in the county. Orange Cove had a fourth lowest rate of residents with disabilities compared to the county as a whole (7.9 percent compared to 12.9 percent across the county). Ambulatory difficulties were the Estimates from the 2022 Point-in-Time (PIT) count suggest that 4 persons in Orange Cove may Of the 58,762 year-round and seasonal farmworkers across the county in 2017, 37,819 (64.3 percent) worked 150 days or more each year, and 35.7 percent worked less than 150 days per year. An estimated 42.6j percent of Orange Cove's employed population worked in agriculture, higher Extremely low-income: residents (those earning 30j percent or less ofmedian income): made up 26.3 percent of the totall households in Orange Cove. Ofthose, 86.5j percent were renter households, and  thei total number of sales in the city is limited.  (51.0 percent) oft the city'ss senior households were homeowner households.  most commonly reported disability. have been experiencing homelessness.  than the countywide rate (8.8 percent).  13.5 percent were owner-occupied. households.  Summary of Findings  Thej population in Orange Cove is predominately made up ofHispanic residents (94.9 percent) with a high presence of younger, college-age population (11.5 percent). Typically,younger: residents need multifamily options, homes with three- or more bedroom units, and ownership opportunities. However, lower-income households are barely within reach of an affordable option. Lower-income households typically require assistance through City, County, State, or federal homebuyers' programs toj purchase al home. For example, ad down-payment assistance loan program can help al household that can afford monthly mortgage payments and other housing-related costs but due to their limited income, has difficulty saving enough money fora down payment. In response to this need, the City has included Program 19 to increase housing mobility for lower-income households by connecting 20 prospective homebuyers with the County's Homebuyer  Assistance. Program.  1J-0-2  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT |JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Orange Covei represents a concentrated area ofp poverty in Fresno County, with the lowest median household income (S25,587) among, jurisdictions countywide. The city also has one: oft the highest rates of extremely low-income households among Fresno County jurisdictions. Extremely low-income households represented 26.3 percent of households in Orange Cove in 2018, compared to 13.3 percent countywide. These households were predominantly renter households (86.5 percent). The city's extremely low-income households overpay forl housing at higher rates than low-income households (89.4p percent compared to 65.7 percent). In total, 53.9 percent of all households in Orange Cove overpay for housing, indicating a need foral larger supply of deeply affordable housing. In response to these needs, the City has included Program 5to incentivize and support construction of affordable units, Program 8 to incentivize and encourage construction of units specifically targeting extremely low-income households, Program 9 to preserve existing affordable units, and Program 201 to increase the availability ofinformation and access to Section 8r rental assistance and units. Additional resources to: fund affordable housing activities are described in the Regional Multjurisdictional Housing Element in Section 4, Opportunities for Residential Development, in Itise estimated that approximately four residents in Orange Cove were unsheltered in 2022. Several services are available regionally to support homeless residents, including those provided by Catholic Social Services, Emergency Housing Center (Plaza Terrace), Evangel Home, Inc., United Way, Fresno Rescue Mission, and Marjaree Mason Center. A comprehensive list and description of resources is included in the Regional Multyurisdictional Housing Element in Section 2, Regional Housing Needs Assessment, in the "Homelessness" subsection. The City has included Program 2 to cooperate with neighboring cities, the County, and other agencies in the development of programs aimed at providing homeless shelters and Many residents of Orange Cove are farmworkers. The Census Bureau estimates that 42.6 percent of employed residents work in agriculture, although iti is likely the true: number is higher given the limitations of Census data collection methods for counting this population (see "Farmworkers" in Section 1J-3, "Assessment of Fair Housing" for additional discussion). Farmworkers struggle to secure stable housing due to a number of compounding factors including: low wages and unstable employment, as well as linguistic isolation and: al lack ofsufficient documentation: need to qualify for housing. To: address the unique housing needs of farmworkers, the City has included Program 6t to support funding for farmworker housing through technical support and incentives to housing developers, including the Fresno Housing Authority and Self-Help Enterprises, in the application of funds for farmworker housing, for California Department ofHousing and Community Development (HCD) and USDA Rural Development loans, and Program 7to require developers to give qualified farmworker households a preference for 15 percent of the new units. Additional resources to assist farmworkers are listed in the Regional Multjurisdictional Housing Element  the "Financial and Administrative Resources" subsection.  related services.  in Table 2-45, Resources for Farmworkers.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY 2024  1J-0-3    SECTION 1J-0: SUMMARY OF NEEDS AND CONDITIONS  Special housing needs in Orange Cove have increased over thel last decade, with growing concentrations of seniors and people living with disabilities, as well as an increasing share of female-headed and large households. To address the needs of these groups in Orange Cove, the City has included Program 3: Provision of Adequate Sites, Program 5: Affordable Housing Incentives, Program 6: Support Funding for Farmworker Housing, and Program 8: Extremely Low-Income Households to facilitate construction of affordable multifamily units during the planning period and remove any potential constraints for the The unit composition of Orange Cove's housing stock has remained relatively consistent since 2010, with the predominant housing type being single-family detached units comprising 65.7 percent of the housing stock in 2010 and 67.2 percent in 2022. Multifamily units represent 32.8 percent of the housing stock, compared to 25.4 percent countywide. As stated previously, owner-occupied households account for 56.5 percent of households in Orange Cove and renter-occupied households account for 43.5 percent. As discussed in the Fair Housing section (Section IJ-3), it is estimated that there are no owner-occupied or renter-occupied units in Orange Cove that lack a complete kitchen or plumbing. To prevent possible substandard units, the City has included Program 16: Fresno County Rehabilitation Program to connect. at least 10 households with rehabilitation resources. Additional resources to assist with home rehabilitation are listed in the Regional Multijurisdictional Housing Element in Section 4, Opportunities for Residential  construction of affordable units.  Development, in the "Financial and. Administrative Resources" subsection.  Housing Constraints  While the City has made extensive efforts to encourage development ofaffordable andi market-rate housing, governmental and nongovernmental constraints can make housing development more difficult. Governmental constraints are typically rules that apply to all development and are intended to meet other community interests. Below. is a summary ofl key findings from the constraints section (1J-4):  The City will encourage and facilitate the development of Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs). The City's Zoning Code provides for a range of housing options. The Housing Element includes an action to amend the Zoning Codet to update provisions related toi the following: multi-family residential development standards, ADUS, emergency shelters, low-barrier navigation centers, group homes, single-room occupancy units, and transitional and supportive housing (Program 12). The City will monitor future updates to State density bonus law to ensure implementation remains Fees charged by the City as part oft the development process, along with fees charged by regional Current standards for on-site and off-sitei improvements are not consideredi to be ab barrier tol housing The City will develop objective design and development standards to provide clear and objective  consistent with State law.  agencies, are not considered. a constraint to development.  production.  criteria for the review of residential projects (Program 14).  1J-0-4  FRESNO MULTIJURISDICTONAL HOUSING ELEMENT! JJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  The City will establish formal procedures for permit processing consistent with the requirements ofSB330 and will establish an application process related to SB 35 (Program 13). The City has a formal process to grant reasonable accommodation requests consistent with State The City will amend its Zoning Ordinance to update the definition of "family" (Program 12). Nongovermental constraints include financial challenges such as water access, the desire to preserve. land for agricultural use, availability off financing, and the high cost ofl land int the City and across the region. A number of the goals and policies in the Housing Element are aimed at  law  eliminating or lessening constraints to development ofhousing.  Housing Resources  A major component of the Housing Element is an analysis of sites that are available for the development of housing to meet the City's Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA). Below is a summary of key findings from the sites inventory section (1J-2), including information on housing resources:  Thel Housing Element identifies sites in Orange Cove where: zoning is inj place to allow for housing development, including higher-density housing (20+ units per acre) that is suitable for affordable The City has identified sufficient housing sites to meet its lower, moderate- and above-moderate The City partners with Fresno County to provide several programs designed to help residents find affordable housing. These programs include the Fresno County Housing Assistance Rehabilitation Program (HARP), the Fresno County Rental Rehabilitation Program (RRP), and thel Fresno County The City will encourage the development of ADUS by educating the public about this housing type, providing informational materials on them to all discretionary land use applicants, and developinga  housing development. housing allocation.  Homebuyer Assistance Program (HAP)(Programs 16, 17, and 19).  set ofp pre-approved plans (Program 10).  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-0-5    SECTION 1J-0: SUMMARY OF NEEDS AND CONDITIONS  This page intentionally lef blank.  1J-0-6  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  SECTION 1J-1: ACTION PLAN Regional Collaboration  Program 1: Regional Collaboration on Housing Opportunities  The Mult-unisdictional Housing Element provides an opportunity for countywidel housing issues andi needs to be more effectively addressed at the regional level rather than just at the local level, and the 15 participating jurisdictions are committed to continuing the regional collaboration in the implementation of the Housing Element. By working together, the jurisdictions can share best practices, explore opportunities for further collaboration, andi make thel best use oflimitedi resources. The following efforts willl be made toi further regional  collaboration:  The City will continue to participate in the countywide Housing Element Technical Committee to collaborate on housing program implementation and regional issues, including disadvantaged communities, infrastructure challenges, tarmworker housing, homelessness, and fair housing, The countywide Housing Element Technical Committee will meeti at least biannually to evaluate successes in implementation of programs and to identify gaps and additional needs. The County of Fresno Public' Works and Planning Department, with assistance fromi thel Fresno Council ofGovernments (FCOG), will take the lead in coordinating biannual committee: meetings. The Housing Element Technical Committee will meet annually with the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) to discuss funding opportunities and challenges in implementation of programs and seek technical assistance from HCD and other State agencies in the Thel Housing Element Technical Committee will advocate on behalfofthe: Fresno region for more grant The City will continue to seek: partnerships with other jurisdictions in the region and other agencies (such as the Housing Authority), housing developers, community stakeholders, and agricultural employersyemployees to explore viable options for increasing the availability of farmworker housing The City will develop a directory ofs services and resources for lower-income households available in the region, and review and update it annually. The directory will be available on City/County websites  implementation ofhousing programs and thej pursuit of grant funding. funding for affordable housing andi infrastructure improvements.  in suitable locations int the region.  and at City/County offices.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-1-1    SECTION 1J-1: ACTION PLAN Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility: Relevant Policies:  General Fund  Continue to meet with thel Housing Element Technical Committee twice per year; meet with HCD annually. Develop a directory of services and resources by  December 2025, update annually as needed.  Planning Department  Policy 2.1, Policy 4.2, Policy 4.6, Policy 5.2,  Program 2: Homeless/Unhoused Needs  The City will cooperate with neighboring cities, the County, and other agencies in completing the Point-in- Time count every other year and the development of! programs aimed at providing homeless shelters and related  services. As a part ofthis coordination, the City will:  Reach out to local colleges and universities and local and regional homeless service providers, either individually or as part of the Housing Element Technical Committee, by July 2024 to identify Meet with interested partners at least 6 months prior to each January Point-in-Time count to identify Monitor the demographic composition of the unhoused population to identify needs for targeted resources and determine what efforts to take, such as providing education on financial assistance and Support local homeless service providers, agencies, and other community organizations to pursue  partnership opportunities to conduct Point-in-Time counts. strategies to recruit volunteers and conduct al local count.  programs available.  funding from available sources for homeless services.  Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility: Relevant Policies: Quantified Objective:  General Fund  Reach out to potential partner organizations by July 2024 and hold strategy  meetings 61 months prior to scheduled Point-in-Time counts,  Planning Department Policy 2.1, Policy 4.6  Conductal biannual Point-in-Time count and assist with program development and funding identification that will assist at least five homeless persons.  1J-1-2  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Adequate Sites  Program 3: Provision of Adequate Sites  The City of Orange Cove will provide for a variety ofhousing types and ensure that adequate sites are available to meet its Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) of 469 units. As part of this Housing Element update, the City has developed a parcel-specific inventory of sites suitable for future residential development. The suitability of these sites has been determined based on the development standards in place and their ability to facilitate the development ofhousing toI meet the needs ofthe City's current andi future residents, pursuant to! State laws. Based on this analysis, the City's vacant sites inventory identifies sufficient sites for an overall surplus of 237 units (51 percent oftotal RHNA), includinga a 102 percent surplus of lower-income housing capacity.  In order to facilitate housing development oft the sites inventory, the City will:  Facilitate the rezone, associated environmental review, and entitlement of properties sold pursuant to Surplus Land Act (identified as Sites P-1 and P-2 on Figure 1J-2.1) by November 2024. Assist the developers of Sites P-1 and P-2 in obtaining grant funding for affordable housing units by the end of 2025, with the goal ofi issuing permits by 2027. Ifdevelopment on Sites P-1 and P-2 does not progress by 2029, remove sites from the 6th Cycle Housing Element inventory and, ifr remaining sites are not adequate to meet the RHNA, identify and make available additional sites by mid-2029. If sites are rezoned to address a lower-income shortfall, ensure that zoning complies with by-right requirements for developments with 20 percent of units affordable to lower-income households and other  requirements of Government Code Section 65583.2.  Maintain and annually update the inventory of residential land resources.  Monitor the availability of sites appropriate for lower- and moderate-income housing in keeping with state "no net loss" provisions (Government Code Section 65863), ifdevelopment projects are approved at densities lower than anticipated in the, sites inventory, and, ifi necessary, rezone sufficient sites to accommodate the RHNA within 180 days, ensuring that there is sufficient higher-density residential  land available in areas throughout the city to deconcentrate poverty. Monitor and report residential development through the HCD annual report process.  Actively participate in the development of the next RHNA Plan to ensure that the allocations are  reflective of the regional and local land use goals and policies.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY:2024  1J-1-3    SECTION 1J-1: ACTION PLAN Financing:  General Fund  Annually monitor as projects are processed. Work with applicants to rezone, conduct associated environmental review, and entitle Sites P-1 and P-2 by November 2024. Assist developers of Sites P-1 and] P-2i in obtaining grant funding for affordable housing units by the end of2025, with the goal ofi issuing permits by 2027. If projects have not progressed by the end of 2027, identify additional incentives or alternative. actions to facilitate development on Sites P-1 and P-2. If development on Sites P-1 and P-2 does not progress by 2029, remove sites from the 6th Cycle Housing Element inventory and, ifremaining sites are not adequate tomeet the RHNA, identify and make available additional sites by mid-2029.  Time Frame:  Implementation Responsibility: Quantified Objective Relevant Policies:  Planning Department  Maintain adequate sites with capacity for at least 115 lower-, 86 moderate-, and 268 above moderate-income units during the planning period. Policy 1.1, Policy 1.2, Policy 1.3, Policyl.4, Policy 1.5, Policy 1.6, Policy 1.7,  Policy 1.8, Policy 1.9  Program 4: Water and Wastewater Service  The development viability oft the vacant sites in the inventory is directly linked to the availability and capacity of public facilities and services. The City continues to work to address water supply issues and infrastructure capacity limitations. Additionally, California Government Code Section 65589.7 requires water and sewer providers to establish specific procedures and grant priority water and sewer service to developments with units affordable to lower-income households. The City of Orange Cove provides water and sewer services in the City and shall:  Annually monitor water capacity and quality and make improvements, as appropriate and feasible, to Establish a secondary water source by September 2024 to meet the infrastructure needs of the Howard annexation area. Re-submit annexation application to LAFCO for reconsideration by December 2024, Continue to coordinate with developers as well as state and regional entities to facilitate development Annually review funding opportunities fori infrastructure improvements and apply for funding at least every other year. Coordinate with state and regional entities to continue to provide adequate service. Establish procedures by the end of2024 for granting priority water and sewer service to developments with lower-income units in compliance with California Government Code Section 65589.7.  better serve existing development and strive to accommodate the RHNA.  of the site and secure adequate infrastructure to support development.  1J-1-4  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Financing:  General Fund, Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)  Annually monitor water capacity and quality and make improvements, as appropriate and feasible. Establish a procedure forj prioritization by. July 2025. Complete construction ofnew municipal well by September 2024 to meet the infrastructure needs of the Howard annexation area. Re-submit annexation application to LAFCO for reconsideration by December 2024. Planning Department and Public Works Department  Time Frame:  Implementation Responsibility: Relevant Policies:  Policy 1.7  Affordable Housing Development and Preservation  Program 5: Affordable Housing Incentives  The City continues to have needs for affordable housing for lower-income households, especially for seniors, persons with disabilities (including persons with developmental disabilities), farmworkers, female-headed and single-parent households, persons experiencing homelessness, and extremely low-income households. The City. will continue to work with the Fresno Housing Authority and other affordable housing developers to expand  affordable housing opportunities throughout the city by doing the following:  Continue to seek partnerships and meet at least every other year with other agencies (such as the Housing Authority), housing developers, community stakeholders, and employers to discuss andj pursue viable opportunities for providing affordable housing, with an emphasis on housing opportunities for very low- and extremely low-income households, as well as special-needs populations, such as seniors, persons with disabilities (including developmental disabilities), farmworkers, female-headed and single-parent households, persons experiencing homelessness, and extremely low-income households. Meet more: frequently if development: rates increase. The City will: identify development opportunities for affordable housing on an annual basis and provide this information to city partners. Work with public or private sponsors to identify candidate sites for new construction of housing for special needs and take all actions necessary to expedite processing of such projects. Facilitate the approval process for land divisions, lot line adjustments, lot consolidations or master plans resulting inj parcel sizes that enable affordable housing development as described in Program 3. Monitor HCD's website annually for Notices of Funding Ability (NOFA) and, where appropriate, prepare or support applications for funding for affordable housing for lower-income households (including extremely low-income households), such as seniors, disabled (including persons with Continue tos streamline the environmental: review process forl housing developments tot the extent possible, using available State categorical exemptions and federal categorical exclusions, when applicable.  developmental disabilities), the homeless, and those at risk ofhomelessness.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY:2024  1J-1-5    SECTION 1J-1: ACTION PLAN  Pursue partnerships with the Central Valley Regional Center to identify funding opportunities and Amend Municipal Code to adopt implementing provisions of State Density Bonus Law to clarify procedure and timelines for density bonus applications. Continue toi monitor for any legislative changes to the State density bonus and provide streamlined processing to facilitate affordable housing development. The City will promote this program by publicizing the incentives on the City website in both English and Spanish and by conducting pre-application consultation with developers regarding Continue to provide priority processing to projects that include units affordable to lower-income and Continue to facilitate infill development by encouraging developers to utilize the City's PUD overlay district to allow the creation ofsmaller lots sizes andi morei flexible application ofdevelopment standards.  promote housing for persons with disabilities.  available incentives. special needs households.  HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME), CDBG, Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC), Multifamily Housing Revenue Bond, and other Ongoing, as projects are processed. by the City. Annually apply for funding and engage with Central Valley Regional Center at least every two years. Meet with other agencies (such as the Housing Authority), housing developers, community stakeholders, and employers at least every two years to discuss and pursue viable opportunities for providing affordable housing. Identify affordable housing development opportunities on an annual basis. Update density bonus ordinancel by  Financing:  funding sources, as available.  Time Frame:  2025.  Implementation Responsibility:  Planning Department  Expand the City's affordable housing inventory by 115 units over the next eight years, 33 extremely low-income, 33 very low-income, and 49 low-income units, mobility for lower-income households and special-needs groups.  Quantified Objective: at least 10 of which include accessibility modifications to facilitate housing  Policy 1.2, Policy 2.1, Policy 2.2, Policy 2.3, Policy 2.4, Policy 2.5, Policy 2.7,  Relevant Policies:  Policy 4.3, Policy 4.4, Policy 5.2  1J-1-6  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Program 6: Support Funding for Farmworker Housing  According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the farming industry is the foundation of the County's economy base, with about 37,819 workers employed in farm labor throughout the county as of 2017. This indicates a significant need to provide housing for farmworkers and their families, particularly The City will provide technical support and offer incentives to housing developers, such as the Fresno Housing Authority and Self-Help Enterprises, in the application of funds for farmworker housing, including HCD (e.g., the. Joe Serna grant program). and USDA Rural Development loans and grants, other programs administered by California's Office of Migrant Service (OMS), and other funding sources that may become available. The City will also continue to offer incentives such as density bonuses and streamlined processing to facilitate development of farmworker housing. The City will identify development opportunities throughout the city for The City will annually monitor the status of farmworker housing as part oft the annual report tol HCD on Housing Element progress and evaluate if City efforts are effective in facilitating the provision off tarmworker housing. Ifappropriate, the City will make necessary changes to enhance opportunities and incentives for farmworker  during peak harvest seasons.  farmworker housing at least twice during the planning period.  housing development. Financing:  General Fund  Meet with farmworker housing developers and advocates on a biannual basis to discuss their needs and offer assistance in the form of letters of recommendation for grant applications, assistance with site identification and grant opportunities, and discuss incentives for constructing farmworker housing. Monitor status of farmworker housing and evaluate effectiveness of efforts annually as part of the annual report process. Identify farmworker housing development opportunities  Time Frame:  throughout the city at least twice in the planning period.  Implementation Responsibility: Quantified Objective: Relevant Policies:  Planning Department  15 lower-income units set aside for farmworkers and their families to reduce Policy 1.2, Policy 2.1, Policy 2.2, Policy 2.4, Policy 2.5, Policy 4.2, Policy 4.3  displacement risk for this population.  FRESNO! MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-1-7    SECTION 1J-1: ACTION PLAN  Program 7: Farmworker Preference in New Affordable Housing  For new affordable housing projects developed with City assistance, incentives, and/or subject to City requirements, the City will require that the developer give qualified farmworker households aj preference for 15 percent oft the new units. Should demand from farmworker households be insufficient to fill the set-aside units, then the units will be made available to other qualified households. The City will annually reach out to affordable housing developers to gather interest and input on how: to best implement this program and will  provide information on available funding.  Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility: Quantified Objective: Relevant Policies:  General Fund, CDBG, HOME, USDA Rural Development Ongoing, as projects are processed through the Planning Department; annually reach out to developers and determine next steps within six months.  Planning Department  151 lower-income units set aside for farmworkers or other qualified households to:  reduce displacement risk throughout the city. Policy 1.2, Policy 2.1, Policy 4.2, Policy 4.3  Program 8: Extremely Low-Income Households  Assembly Bill (AB) 2634 requires the quantification and analysis of existing and projected housing needs of extremely low-income households. Provide financial support annually, as available, to organizations that provide counseling, information, education, support, housing services/referrals, and/or legal advice to extremely low- income households, to mitigate risk of displacement and support housing stability for extremely low-income households, persons with disabilities, farmworkers, andj persons experiencing homelessness. The City shall: Expand regulatory incentives for the development of units affordable to extremely low-income households and housing for special-needs groups, including persons with disabilities (including developmental disabilities), and individuals and families ini need ofe mergency/transitonal housing. Encourage the provision of affordable housing for young adults, particularly former foster youth and young mothers, through planning consultations, streamlined permit processing, and funding assistance. Encourage the development of single room occupancy (SRO): facilities, transitional and supportive housing, and other special housing arrangements, including completing Zoning Code amendments to establish provisions for SROs andi Iremovel barriers top production of special needs housing (Program 12)andcommiting City funds tol help affordable housing developers provide SRO: facilities consistent with the SROOrdinance. Continue to target marketing and distribution of available financial resources to developments that Continue to process density bonuses for affordable housing projects that include units affordable to  include units affordable to extremely low-income households.  extremely low-income households.  1J-1-8  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility: Quantified Objective: Relevant Policies:  General Fund, CDBG, HOME  Ongoing; as projects are processed by the Planning Division. By December 2024, conduct outreach to organizations that support extremely low-income residents to understand funding needs, and review and prioritize local funding at least twice in the planning period, and support expediting applications on an ongoing basis.  Planning Department  115 lower-income units, including 33 units for extremely low-income households to prevent displacement and provide housing mobility opportunities.  Policy 1.2, Policy 2.1, Policy 4.2, Policy 4.6  Program 9: Preservation of Existing Affordable Housing Units  Preserving the existing affordable housing stock is a cost-effective approach toj providing affordable housing in Orange Cove. The City must guard against the loss ofhousing units available to lower-income households. As ofJune 2023, there are no affordable units that are considered at risk of conversion to market rate in the next  10years. For complexes at risk of converting to market rate, the City shall:  Contact property owners of units at risk of converting to market-rate housing within one year of affordability expiration to discuss the City's desire to preserve complexes as affordable housing. Coordinate with owners of expiring subsidies to ensure the required notices to tenants are sent out at 3  years, 12 months, and 61 months.  Reach out to agencies interested in purchasing and/or managing at-risk units.  Work with tenants to provide education regarding tenant rights and conversion procedures pursuant to  California law.  General Fund, LIHTC, Multifamily Housing Revenue Bond, and other funding Annually monitor units at risk of converting; coordinate noticing as required per  Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility: Relevant Policies:  sources as available. California law. Planning Department Policy. 3.6  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-1-9    SECTION 1J-1:A ACTION PLAN  Program 10: Encourage and Facilitate Accessory Dwelling Units  Ana accessory dwelling unit (ADU), sometimes calleda' "granny flat,"isana additional self-contained living unite either attached to or detached from the primary residential unit on a single lot. It has cooking, eating, sleeping, and full sanitation facilities. ADUS can be an important source ofaffordable housing givent that theyt typically are smaller: and have no associated land costs. The City will encourage the construction of ADUS, through the following actions, which are aimed at providing an increased supply of affordable units throughout the city, thereby increasing access  to resources and facilitating housing mobility opportunities for lower-income households:  Complete Zoning Code amendment to update ADU ordinance to clarify number of ADUS permitted on Continue to implement the public education program advertising the opportunity for ADUS by updating informational handouts and brochures about ADUS that are available on the City's website and at the Provide informational materials on ADU opportunities to all discretionary land use applicants. Atl least annually, publish informational materials pertaining to. ADUS through a combination ofmedia, Offer pre-approved ADU plans, such as those made available through the Countywide Regional Early  single-family and multi-family lots (Program 12)  public counter annually, or as needed to: reflect changes in State law.  including the City's social media accounts and direct mailing.  Action Planning (REAP)program.  Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility:  General Fund  Update ADU materials annually, or as needed to reflect changes in State law, and identify incentives for construction, and offer pre-approved ADU plans by  December 2024. Planning Department  5A ADUS for lower-income households, 5 for moderate-income households, and 5  Quantified Objective: fora above moderate-income. households toi improve housing mobility opportunities  and reduce displacement risk throughout the city. Policy 1.2, Policy 2.1,1 Policy 2.6  Relevant Policies:  1J-1-10  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Program 11: Replacement Units  To reduce displacement risk and in accordance with California Government Code Section 65583.2(g), the City. will require replacement housing units subject to the requirements of California Government Code Section 65915(c)(3) on sites identified in the sites inyentory when any new development (residential, mixed-use, or nonresidential) occurs on a site that has been occupied by or restricted for the use ofl lower-income households  at any. time during the previous five years. This requirement: applies to: Non-vacant sites; and,  Vacant sites with previous residential uses that have been vacated or demolished.  Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility: Relevant Policies:  General Fund  Ongoing, the replacement: requirement will bei implemented immediately and applied as applications on identified sites are received and processed.  Planning Department Policy 3.3, Policy 3.6  Removal of Governmental Constraints Program 12: Zoning Code Amendments and special needs housing, including the following:  The City will review and amend thel Municipal Codet toi identify andi remove constraints on! housing development  Development Standards: Amend the General Plan and Zoning Code to establish minimum densities inz zoning districts that allow residential deyelopment and restrict single-family homes in high-density residential zones, such as the R-3 zone. Remove 100-unit cap on multi-family housing projects. Remove story limitations on multi-family development in the R-2-A and R-3-A zones. Reduce minimum parking required for multi-family housing and revise standards for special needs housing types to: match requirements for single-family or multi-family housing in the same zone. Accessory Dwelling Units: Amend the Zoning Code to be consistent with the latest State legislation related to. ADUS, ensuring that up to three ADUS may, permitted on a single-family lot (i.e., attached ADU, detached ADU, and. JADU) and clarifying the number of ADUS permitted on multi-family lots,  in accordance with California Government Code Section 65852.2.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-1-11    SECTION 1J-1: ACTION PLAN  armworket/Employee Housing:.Amend the Zoning Code to allow farmworker housing up to 12 units or 36 beds as a permitted agricultural use in zones allowing agriculture and explicitly allow employee housing for 6 or fewer persons akin to a single-family residence. Amend the Zoning Codet to adopt a streamlined and ministerial permit process for eligible housing developments in compliance Emergency Shelters: Adopt the updated State definition of emergency shelters and allow emergency shelters in the R-3 zoning district by right (i.e., without discretionary approval) consistent with Government Code Section 65583. Develop managerial standards for emergency shelters and allow sufficient parking to accommodate all staff working in the emergency shelter, provided that the standards dor not require more parking for emergency shelters than other residential or commercial uses within thes same: zone, in compliance with Government Code Section 655830)4)(A)CD). Low-Barrier Navigation Centers: Permit low-barrier navigation centers, defined as low-barrier, temporary service-enriched shelters to help homeless individuals and families to quickly obtain permanent housing by-right in zones where mixed uses are allowed or in nonresidential zones that Group Homes: Allow group homes/residential care facilities for six or fewer persons, in accordance with Health and Safety Code Section 1568.0831, and allow group homes/residential care facilities, regardless of size, in all zones that permit residential uses of the same type, in accordance with the State's definition of family. Amend parking requirements to match those of single-family and multi- Definition of Family: Adopt al broadened definition of "family" that provides zoning code occupancy  with California Health and Safety Code Section 17021.8:  permit multifamily housing (Government Code Section 65662; AB 101).  family housing.  standards specific to unrelated adults and complies with fairl housing law. Building Code: Adopt thel latest version of the California Building Code.  Single-Room Occupancy Units: Define single-room occupancy units in compliance with Government Code Section 65583(c)(1), identify at least one zone where they will be permitted, and establish Transitional and Supportive Housing: Permit transitional housing and supportive housing as residential uses only subject to those restrictions that apply to other residential dwellings of the same type in thes same: zone (Government Code Section 65583(a)(5)). Clarify that eligible supportive housing projects are permitted by-right consistent with State. law (Government Code Section 65691). Approval Criteria for Site Plan Review and Use Permits: Adopt objective. approval criteria for housing development projects subject to a site plan review or conditional use permit process.  development standards specific to SRO housing to encourage the use,  Financing: Time Frame:  General Fund  Complete Zoning Ordinance amendments and Building Code adoption by December 2024. Annually review the effectiveness and appropriateness of the  1J-1-12  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT [JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Zoning Ordinance and process any necessary amendments to remove or mitigate  potential constraints to the development of! housing.  Implementation Responsibility: Relevant Policies:  Planning Department Policy 1.1, Policy 1.2, Policy 2.7  Program 13: Preliminary Applications  The City. will develop aj preliminary application form and procedure or will adopt the Preliminary Application Form developed by HCD, pursuant to SB 330. The City will also establish a written policy and/or procedure, and other guidance as appropriate, to specify the SB3 35 streamlining approval process ands standards for eligible projects under Government Code Section 65913.4. The applications willl be available on the City's website for  developers interested inj pursuing the streamlined process or vesting rights.  Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility: Quantified Objective: Relevant Policies:  General Fund  Develop or adopt) HCD5sB330preliminary application form by December2024. Develop a SB 35 streamlined approval process by June 2025 and implement as  applications are: received. Planning Department  Facilitate construction of 10 very low-income units and 10 low-income units to  increase housing mobility opportunities. Policy 1.4, Policy 2.3, Policy 2.4  Program 14: Objective Design and Development Standards  The City will develop objective design guidelines and standards toj provide clear and objective standards related tosi single-family, multifamily, and mixed-use residential developments. Multi-family development will continue to be required toj provide 25 percent of ground-floor units designed to meet accessibility standards.  Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility: Relevant Policies:  General Fund  Adopt objective design standards by December 2025 and implement thereafter.  Planning Department  Quantified Objective: 25 units over the planning period.  Policy 1.8, Policy 2.7  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-1-13    SECTION 1J-1: ACTION PLAN  Program 15: Transparency for Residential Development Regulations and Costs In accordance with California Government Code Section 65940.1, the City will comply with requirements to provide transparency for residential development regulations and costs by making sure information isa available on the City's website. This includes posting the City's current schedule off fees and exactions, and continuing  toj provide the zoning and subdivision ordinances online.  Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility: Relevant Policies: Housing Quality  General Fund  Post City's current fee schedule online by end of2024. Update zoning ordinance  online as changes are made. Planning Department Policy 4.1  Program 16: Fresno County Housing Assistance Rehabilitation Program (HARP) This program provides loans to qualifying homeowners, including owners of mobile or manufactured homes, in the unincorporated county and participating cities for the improvement of their homes. The City of Orange Covei isal paricpatingjensdiction. Eligibleimprovements include energy-efficiency upgrades andi installations, health and safety and hazard corrections, and accessibility modifications to reduce displacement risk and facilitate place-based revitalization throughout the city. Loan terms under this program vary according to  household income and thei improvements and repairs that are needed. The City will:  Promote available housing rehabilitation resources in both English and Spanish on the City's website Conduct targeted outreach in both English and Spanish to inform property owners of rehabilitation  and at public counters.  assistance in neighborhoods with older housing units throughout the city.  Refer interested households to County program.  Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility:  CDBG and HOME funds  Update materials every other year, or as new information is provided by the Fresno County Public Works and Planning Department, Community  County, and send out targeted promotion annually. Development Division, and City of Orange Cove  1J-1-14  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Connect at least 10 lower-income households throughout the city with outreach efforts yearly and adjust as deemed necessary by City staff.  Quantified Objective: rehabilitation resources during the planning period. The City: will evaluate its  Relevant Policies:  Policy 3.2, Policy 4.1  Program 17: Fresno County Rental Rehabilitation Program (RRP)  This program provides no-interest loans to qualifying property owners in the unincorporated county and participating cities for making improvements to their rental properties to1 reduce displacement: risk fori renters. The City ofOrange Covei is aj participating city in the Rental Rehabilitation Program (RRP) and provides information to] property owners. Eligible improvements include repairing code deficiencies, completing deferred maintenance, lead-based paint and asbestos abatement, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) repairs, energy- efficiency upgrades, accessibility modifications, and kitchen and bathroom upgrades. The City will:  Promote available housing rehabilitation resources in both English and Spanish on the City's website Conduct outreach in both English and Spanish to inform property owners of available rehabilitation  and at public counters. assistance.  Refer interested property owners to County program.  Target promotion in areas of concentrated. renter households or older housing stock to assist in reducing displacement risk for residents by improving living conditions and enabling them to stay in their home  and community. Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility:  HOME funds  Update materials every other year, or as new information is provided by the Fresno County Public Works and Planning Department, Community Connect at least 10 property owners with rehabilitation resources during the its outreach efforts yearly and adjust as deemed necessary by City staff.  County, and send out targeted promotions annually. Development Division, and City of Orange Cove  Quantified Objective: planning period. Facilitate rehabilitation ofi five rental units. The City will evaluate  Relevant Policies:  Policy 3.2, Policy 4.1  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-1-15    SECTION 1J-1: ACTION PLAN Housing Assistance Program 18: Code Enforcement  The City will continue to use code enforcement: ands substandard abatement processes tol brings substandard housing units and residential properties throughout the city into compliance with City codes by identifying dilapidated units and facilitating demolition and replacement. Code Enforcement staff will also refer income-eligible households to County housing rehabilitation programs for assistance in making the code corrections. Targeted efforts to improve housing conditions throughout the city will facilitate place-based revitalization and assist in reducing displacement: risk for residents byi improving living conditions and enabling them to remain ini their home  and community. Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility:  General Fund  Make informational materials on rehabilitation assistance programs available by January 2024, to be provided on an ongoing basis when violations are confirmed,  conduct code enforcement as complaints are: received.  Building Department  Reduçe displacement risk and encourage place-based: revitalization by facilitating rehabilitation of 10 units throughout the city by providing informational materials promote available assistance programs in areas of concentrated lower-income  Quantified Objective: to owners in violation ofCity codes on available assistance programs and annually  households. Policy 3.1, Policy 3.3  Relevant Policies:  Program 19: Fresno County Homebuyer Assistance Program  CityofOrange Covep participates int the County's Homebuyer Assistance Program (HAP), whichi is administered through the Fresno County Housing Authority. To reduce displacement risk of] homeowners being priced out oft the community and to facilitate housing mobility opportunities, this program assists lower-income families with purchasing their first home by providing a zero-interest, deferred payment loan that does not exceed 20 percent of the purchase price of the single-family residence (plus loan closing costs). Households earning up to 80 percent of the area median income (AMI) in unincorporated Fresno County and participating cities are  eligible for this program. The City shall:  Promote available homebuyer resources on the City's website and at public counters.  Refer interested households to the County program with the goal of assisting four households  throughout the city.  1J-1-16  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Promote the availability of this program, particularly in areas with concentrations of renters, particularly lower-income renters, by providingi multilingual informational materials atj publicl buildings Orange Cove residents also have access to a number of homebuyer assistance programs offered by the California Housing Finance Agency (CalHFA), through the Fresno County Public Works and Planning  and community locations and will post the program on the City's website.  Department, Community Development Division.  Mortgage Credit Certificate (MCC): The MCCTax Credit is a federal credit that can reduce potential federal income tax liability, creating additional net spendable income that borrowers may use toward their monthly mortgage payment. This MCCTax Credit program may enable first-time! homebuyers to convert: aj portion oftheir annual mortgage interest into a direct dollar-for-dollar tax credit on their U.S. CalPLUS Conventional Program: This is a first mortgage loan insured through private mortgage insurance on the conventional market. The interest rate on the CalPLUS Conventional is fixed throughout the 30-year term. The CalPLUS Conventional is combined with a CalHFA Zero Interest Program (ZIP), which is a deferred-payment junior loan of three percent of the first mortgage loan CalHFA Conventional Program: This is a first mortgage loan insured through private mortgage insurance on the conventional market. The interest rate on the CalHFA Conventional is fixed  individual income tax returns.  amount, for down payment assistance.  throughout the 30-year term.  The City will promote all available homebuyer resources on the City's website and at public counters and will annually review funding resources available at the state and federal levels and pursue as appropriate to provide  homebuyer assistance. Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility: Quantified Objective: Relevant Policies:  General Fund, HOME funds  Ensure informational materials on all homebuyer resources are on the City's website and available at] public counters by. June 2024. Updater materials annually, or asi newi information isprovided! by the County, and send out targeted promotion at least every other year. Fresno County Public Works and Planning Department, Community Development Division, Planning Department, and City of Orange Cove Connect 20p prospective homebuyers with the County program to facilitate. housing  mobility opportunities throughout the city. Policy 2.1, Policy, 2.4, Policy 2.5, Policy 2.8  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-1-17    SECTION 1J-1: ACTION PLAN  Program 20: Housing Choice Vouchers  The Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) Program extends rental subsidies to extremely low- and very low-income households, including families, seniors, and the disabled. Thej program offers a voucher that pays the difference between the current fair market rent (FMR) as established by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and what a tenant can afford to pay (i.e., 30 percent of1 household income). The, Fresno Housing Authority administers the HCV program in Fresno County. The City shall:  Provide: a link to thel Fresnol Housing Authority'sHCV; program webpage on the City's.websitel by February 2024. Meet with the Fresno Housing Authority by. June 2024 to discuss the process of developing printed informational materials, with the goal ofmaking materials available at public counters by. June 2025. Work with thel Housing, Authority to disseminate informationi tol landlords andj property owners oni incentives forp participating in thel HCV program throughout the city toj promote housing opportunities for all residents. Continue to refer interested households to the Fresno Housing Authority and encourage landlords to Continue to work with local contractors to rehabilitate existing single-fàmily homes that can be made  register their properties with thel Housing Authority for accepting HCVs.  available for HCV usage.  Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility: Quantified Objective: Relevant Policies:  HUD Section 8  Provide information on the City's website by February 2024. Meet with the Housing Authority by June 2024 and develop informational materials by June 2025. Target outreach to property owners and landlords at least annually.  Fresno Housing Authority lower-income units using HCV.  Preserve City's existing usage rate of 65 HCVS, expand usage for a total of 100  Policy 2.2  Program 21: Housing Discrimination Monitoring and Referral  The Fresno Housing Authority publicizes all information related to housing opportunities, programs fair- housing information and assistance in English, Spanish, Hmong, French, German, Chinese, Arabic, Dutch, Italian, Korean, Portuguese, and Russian. However, while all public notices and information on the Housing Authority website are translated to allo ofthe previously mentioned languages, general circulation ofinformation and secondary links, such as applications, are available only, in English. The City will coordinate with the Housing Authority, Fresno Council of Governments (FCOG), and other Fresno County. jurisdictions to develop Spanish-language printed materials toi improve accessibility to fair housing resources for residents. Ifadditional languages become more prevalent in the county, materials willl be translated into those languages as needed.  1J-1-18  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  The City shall:  Establish a procedure tor referi residents with fairl housing questions or issues tot thel Fair Housing Council ofCentral Valley (FHC-CC), California Rural Legal Aid (CLRA), and other fair housing organizations. Provide fair housing information on the City's website and in printed materials available in public buildings in both English and Spanish. Coordinate with local community-based organizations toi review outreach strategy and identify opportunities to improve distribution to Orange Cove residents Coordinate with local fair housing service providers to conduct biannual trainings for landlords and tenants on fair housing laws, rights, and responsibilities and ongoing access to legal counseling.  throughout the city.  Financing:  General Fund, grant funding  As part of the Countywide Housing Element Technical Committee (Program 1), meet annually with FC-CC to discuss fair housing issues and opportunities for education. Assist the Housing Authority to translate fair housing materials and resources into Spanish by December 2024. Make fair housinginformation: available on the City's website and in public buildings by June 2025. Coordinate with community-based organizations to improve outreach atl least annually. Coordinate with fair housing providers to conduct biannual trainings for landlords and property  Time Frame:  owners.  Implementation Responsibility:  Planning Department, Fresno Housing Authority  Reduce displacement risk for 20 individuals or families resulting from language evaluate its outreach efforts yearly and adjust as deemed necessary by Citys staff.  Quantified Objective: barriers and 10: from discrimination by landlords or property owners. The City will  Relevant Policies:  Policy 5.1  Program 22: Improve Access to Resources  The City shall take the following actions to improve access to resources and opportunities citywide:  Work with Fresno County Rural Transit Agency (FCRTA) and other jurisdictions in the county to develop a fact sheet, or similar informational materials, of FCTA programs to be posted on the City's website, social media, andi in public buildings by January 2026, and advertised annually in the City's newsletter to help connect seniors and other residents to services int the city and throughout the county.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-1-19    SECTION 1J-1: ACTION PLAN  Annually review opportunities to pursue state and federal grant funding for public infrastructure improvements throughout the City and in areas of highest need at least twice in the planning period, potentially including but not limited to broadband internet access, complete street improvements, enhanced streetscapes, sidewalks, lighting, safe routes to schools, park improvements; community facilities, Prioritize projects that facilitate place-based. revitalization through the City's Capital Improvement Plan, such as projects that improve public infrastructure in deteriorating or underserved areas Ensure program availability and funding announcements are made available in Spanish and translation Facilitate place-based revitalization andj promote healthy environments for new housing by evaluating transitional buffers between residential and agricultural uses and highways and working with developers as projects are proposed to mitigate impacts associated with emissions from agricultural industries and traffic and facilitate access to healthy outdoor spaces on an ongoing basis. Coordinate with local air district and regional entities toi identify funding opportunities for community programs to improveindoor: air quality, home energy efficiency, or other environmental health initiatives throughout Meet with school district representatives by June 2025 to analyze whether housing security poses a barrier. Work with the school district to assist in securing grant. funding for teacher recruitment and retention bonuses, classroom materials, and other incentives for teachers to facilitate positive learning  community amenities, and improved water supply and quality.  throughout the city.  is available at public meetings by end of December 2025.  the city.  environments citywide.  Financing: Time Frame: Implementation Responsibility:  General Fund  Apply for grant funding opportunities for programs to support public infrastructure, community revitalization, and environmental health initiatives throughout the city atl least every other year starting in 2025. Refer to each bulleted  action for other specific timeframes. Planning Department  Improve access to resources and reduce displacement: risk resulting from a variety  Quantified Objective: of factors for at least 30 residents. Conduct at least four public improvements  during the planning period.  Relevant Policies:  Policy 3.1, Policy 3.5, Policy 5.1, Policy 5.2  1J-1-20  FRESNO  HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Quantified Objectives  Quantified objectives estimate the number of units likely to be constructed, rehabilitated, or conservedpreserved by income level during the planning period based on optimal implementation of each program. The quantified objectives do not set a ceiling on development; rather, they set a target goal for the jurisdiction to achieve based on. needs, resources, and constraints. Each quantified objective is detailed by  income level, as shown in Table 1J-1.1.  Table 1J-1.1: Quantified Objective Summary  Extremely Very Low Moderate Above Income Income Income Income Income  Program Types  Low Low 33 33 New Construction 33 33 5 5. 15 33  Moderate Total 268 469  RHNA Program 5: Affordable Housing Incentives Program 6: Support Funding for Farmworker Housing Program 7:1 Farmworker Preference in New Affordable Housing Program 8: Extremely Low-Income Households Program 9: Encourage and Facilitate Accessory Dwelling Units: Program 13: Preliminary Applications (SB 330) and Streamlined. Approval (SB35) Program 14: Objective Design and Development Standards Program 16: Fresno County Housing Assistance Rehabilitation Program Program 17: Fresno County Rental Rehabilitation Program (RRP) Program 18: Code Enforcement Program 20: Housing Choice Vouchers Program 21: Housing Discrimination Monitoring and] Referral  49 49 5  86  115 15 15 115 5 15 20 25 10: 5 I0 65 30  33  49 5 10 10 3  5  I0 5 4  5 Rehabilitation  5  (HARP)  Conservation/Preseryation 30: 10  5 20 10  5 15 10  Insome cases, quantified objectives overlap and therefore identify multiple strategies to achieve the. RHNA. Moderate- and above moderate-income unit capacity is anticipated to be met by market development trends.  Source: City of Orange Cove, 2023  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-1-21    SECTION 1J-1:ACTION PLAN  This page intentionally lef blank.  1J-1-22  FRESNO MULTIJURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT s JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  SECTION 1J-2: SITES INVENTORY  California law (Government Code Section 65583 (a)(3)) requires that the Housing Element contain an inventory ofl land suitable for residential development, including vacant sites that can be developed within the planning period and nonvacant (i.e., underutilized) sites that have potential for redevelopment. State law also requires an analysis oft the relationship ofzoning and public facilities and services to these sites.  Regional Housing Needs Allocation  The Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) is the State of Califomia-required process that seeks to ensure cities and counties are planning for enough housing to accommodate all economic segments oft the 1. Regional Determination: The California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD)provides eachi region with al Regional Determination of] housing: need, whichi includes a total number ofunits split into fouri income categories. The City ofOrange Cove isi ini thei region covered by the Fresno Council of Governments (FCOG). HCD gave FCOG a Regional Determination of 58,298 units for the 6th cycle RHNA (2023-2031). This is the total number of units that the cities 2. RHNA Methodology: Councils of Governments (COG), including FCOG, are responsible for developing a RHNA methodology for allocating the Regional Determination to each city and county. This methodology must further specify State objectives, including, but not limited to, promoting infill, equity, and environmental protection; ensuring jobs-housing balance; and 3. Housing Element Updates: Each city and county must then adopt a housing element that demonstrates how. the jurisdiction can accommodate its assigned RHNA through its zoning. HCD  community. Thej process is split into the following three steps.  and counties in the FCOG region must collectively plan to accommodate.  affirmatively furthering fair housing.  reviews each jurisdiction' 's housing element for compliance with State law,  The City of Orange Cove's share oft ther regional housing need was determined! by a methodology prepared by FCOG as part oft the Regional Housing Needs Plan, adopted in November 2022. In accordance with FCOG's Regional Housing Needs Plan, the City must plan to accommodate a total of 469 housing units between. June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2031. Table 1J-2.1 shows the City's RHNA by income category. Oft the total 469 units, the City must plan to accommodate 66 units for very low-income households, 49 for low-income households, 86 for moderate-income households, and 2681 for above moderate-income households.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-2-1    SECTION 1J-2: SITES INVENTORY  Table 1J-2.1: Regional Housing Needs Allocation (June 30, 2023, to December 31, 2031)  Very Low Income (<50% of AMI)  Low Income Moderate-Income Above Moderate- Total  (50% to 80% of AMI)  (80% to 120% of AMI)  Income (>120% of AMI)  Number of Units AMI: = Area Median Income  66'  49  86  268 469  Extremely low-income allocation is equal to 50 percent of very-low-ncome allocation (33 units).  Source: FCOG Sixth Cycle RHNA. Final Methodology, November 2022  State law also requires the City to identify thej projected need for extremely low-income housing. The City assumes that 50 percent ofthe very low-income housing need is equal tot the extremely low-income housing  need. As such, there is aj projected need for 33 extremely low-income housing units.  Planned and Approved Projects  The City has two planned residential projects that are expected to be approved and built during the RHNA projection period (June 20, 2023 - December 31, 2031). Both projects are located on sites sold by the City pursuant to the Surplus Land Act and will include lower-income affordable units. Table 1J2 2.2 providesa description of these approved projects in the pipeline and Figure 1J-2.1 (Sites Imventory Map) shows the locations of these projects within the City. The City of Orange Cove's pipeline projects are expected to provide an additional 210 units in total, including 121 lower-income units and 89 moderate-income units. The Housing Element includes Program 3 to facilitate the development of these projects, including  rezoning the sites from M-1 to R-3 zoning. City Surplus Site 1  City Surplus Site lisl located at the northeast corner of Center Street and South Avenue (P-1 on Figure 1J- 2.1) and is approximately 6.5 acres across two vacant parcels that are currently zoned R-3. The City of Orange Cove and Universal Properties completed the purchase and sale agreement on June 7, 2023, and included recordation ofa a covenant requiring 15 percent affordable housing for future development of the property. Orange Cove City Council has approved all necessary entitlements to develop the site with affordable housing. City staffi is working closely with the property owner and developer group to develop site plans, construction documents, and secure grant funding for development of the site with affordable housing (see Program 3). There are no known barriers to development of this site during the planning period. Universal Properties intends to develop the 6.5-acre site as multi-family housing at aj project density of25 dwelling units per acre. However, for the purpose of this analysis, this sitei is assumed tol have capacity of 105 housing units, based on an assumed realistic density of 16.2 dwelling units per acre in the R-3: zone (described in more detail in the Methodology" section). Of those, a minimum of 16 units, or 15 percent  ofunits, must be deed-restricted affordable units.  1J-2-2  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  City Surplus Site 2  City Surplus Site 2 is adjacent to City Surplus Site 1 (described above) and is located approximately 500 feet north of the Center Street and South Street intersection (Site P-2 on Figure 1J-2.1). The site is 6.5 acres and is zoned R-3. The City of Orange Cove, Blossom Heights, LLC, and Universal Properties completed the purchase and sale agreement on December 14, 2022, including recordation ofa covenant requiring 15 percent affordable housing for future development oft the property. Orange Cove City Council has approved all necessary entitlements to develop the site with affordable housing. City staffi is working closely with thej property owner. and developer group to develop site plans and construction documents and secure grant funding for development of the site with affordable housing (see Program 3). There are no known barriers to development of this site during the planning period. Thej prospective developer, Blossom Heights, LLC, intends to develop the site with a 100 percent affordable housing project at a project density of25 dwelling units per acre. However, for purposes of this analysis, realistic density assumptions for R-3 are conservatively applied, similarly to City Surplus Site I. This site therefore has capacity for  approximately 105 lower-income units.  Table 1J-2.2: Pipeline Projects, City of Orange Cove, 2023  Site Project Zoning Type of Status Total Total Units By Income  Description Surplus land sale with 15 percent affordability covenant recorded as part ofs sale agreement. Developer intends to develop the site as multi- family housing with 15 percent units affordable to lower-income households at a density of25 du/acre. Surplus land sale with 15 percent affordability covenant recorded as part ofs sale agreement. Developer intends to develop the site as multi- family housing with 100 percent units affordable to lower-income households ata density between: 20- 25 du/acre  ID P-1 City R-3 Multi- Surplus Sitel  Units family. and sale housing agreement with 15 completed percent on June 7, units deed- 2023. restricted affordable  Units ELL VLI LI MI AMI  Purchase 105  16 89  P-2 City R-3 Multi- Surplus Site2  Purchase 105  105  family and sale housing; agreement 100 percent completed affordable on tol lower- December income 14,2022. households  Total All Income Levels Source: City of Orange Cove, 2023  210  121 89 0  EL/= Extremely Low-income, VLI= Very Low-income, L/= Low-income, AMI: = Above Moderate-income  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT [JULY2024  1J-2-3    SECTION 1J-2: SITES INVENTORY  Affordability Analysis of Market-Rate Homes  Based on a review of home sales prices for recently built homes in Orange Cove, it was determined that new. market-rate single family homes are generally affordable to moderate income and some low-income households. Table 1J-2.3 below presents sales prices for single-family homes sold in Orange Cove in the last year (April 2022 to present). The selling price for a newly built three-bedroom home ranged between $250,000 and $299,000. As shown in Table 1J-2.4, this is within reach for many households earning less than 100 percent Area Median Income (AMI), including three-person low-income households earning 80  percent. AMI with three or more people.  Table 1J-2.3: Recent Home Sales, Orange Cove, 2022-2023  Address 1447 Kime Court 1512 Casuga Court 905 Rodriguez Street 1540 Casuga Court 1501 Serna Court Source: Zillow.com, 2022  Number of Bedrooms  Sales Price $250,000 $280,000 $255,000 $299,000 $310,000  Date of Sale 3/15/2022 3/8/2023 3/3/2023 1/13/2023 11/08/2022  3 3 3 4 3  Table 1J-2.4: Fresno County Ability to Pay, Low to Moderate Income (2022)  Low-Income Households at 80% of 2022 AMI  Number of Persons Income Level Max. Purchase Price' Number of Persons Income Level Max. Purchase Price! Number of Persons Income Level Max. Purchase Price' AMI: = Area Median Income  2  3  4  5  6  $43,650 $49,850 $56,100 $62,300 $67,300 $72,300 $213,979 $232,153 $261,260 $290,134 $313,419 $336,704  Median-Income Households at 100% of 2022 AMI  2  3  5  6  $56,200 $64,250 $72,250 $80,300 $86,700 $93,150 $275,501 $299,215. $336,471 $373,960 $403,765 $433,803  Moderate-Income Households at 110% of 2022 AMI  2  3  4  5  6  $67,450 $77,100 $86,700 S96,350 $104,050 S117,750 $330,650 $377,956 $425,016 $472,322 $510,068 $577,228  Source: Chapter 2, "Housing Needs Assessment, Table 2-24  1J-2-4  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Vacant Sites Inventory  The residential land inventory is required "to identify sites that can be developed for housing within the planning period and that are sufficient to provide for the jurisdiction's: share oft the regional housing need for all income levels" (Government Code Section 65583.2(a)). The phrase "land suitable for residential development" in Government Code Section 65583(a) (3) includes all ofthe following:  Vacant sites zoned for residential uses;  Vacant sites zoned for nonresidential use that allow residential development; and  Underutilized sites that have zoning that allows residential development and are capable of being The vacant sites inventory identifies sites with general plan land use designations and zoning for future housing development (see Table 1J-2.5 and Figure 1J-2.1) and evaluates the adequacy of these sites in  developed at a higher density.  fulfilling the City's RHNA. Methodology  The following is a description oft the methodology used to estimate housing unit capacity on vacant sites,  and detailed descriptions of the status ofrecent and pending annexation areas.  Income Assumptions  Density can be a critical factor in the development of affordable lower-income housing. Higher density development can lower per-unit land cost and facilitate construction in an economy ofs scale. The following describes the assumptions used to determine the inventoried income categories and the realistic buildout  capacity for each vacant site. Lower-Income Sites  Sites at least 0.5 acresi ins size that allow at least 20 units per acre were inventoried as feasible forl lower-income (low- and very low-income): residential development. This includes sites zoned High Density Residential (R- 3). The R-3: zone allows residential development at a maximum density of29 dwelling units per acre.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-2-5    SECTION 1J-2: SITES INVENTORY Moderate-Income Sites  The sites inventory relies on a combination of sites zoned R-2, R-2-A or Mixed-Use (M-U) to meet the moderate-income RHNA. The R-2 and R-2-A zones allow. residential development at ai maximum density of14.5 dwelling units per acre. The M-U district allows multi-family residential uses when located above ground floor commercial and establishes a maximum density of21.8 dwelling units per acre. As noted in Section 1J-4, the Cityi is currently in the process of updating their Zoning Code, where they plan onj phasing out! R-2-A and) M-Uz zoning. R-2-A zoning willl be replaced with R-2 and M-U zoning willl be replaced with C-3 zoning, which will similarly allow mixed use. This change is not expected to restrict the housing capacity of inventoried sites beyond what is considered in this analysis. Development assumptions for the The remaining moderate-income, RHNA is accommodated ons smaller R-3: sites that arel less than al half-acre ins size and are presumed tol bet too small for lower-mcome housing development. They are instead assumed  M-U and R-2-A inventory are discussed in greater detail below.  to bes suitable for moderate-income housing development. Above Moderate-Income Sites  Sites within zones that allow only single-family homes at lower densities were inventoried as above moderate-income sites. This includes sites with R-1-6 and R-1-12 zoning. However, its should be noted that most new single-family homes in Orange Cove are affordable to moderate- and some low-income households as demonstrated int the "Affordability Analysis for Market-Rate Homes" section above.  Realistic Density and Build Out Capacity  Thei inventory applies a realistic build out density based on the development standards, market trends, and recent development to calculate capacity. Capacity on sites within the lower density zoning districts (i.e., R-1-12, R-1-6, and R-2) is calculated using 80 percent of the maximum allowable density. For larger lots with approved tentative subdivision maps, iti is assumed that one single-family home would bel built per lot. As discussed in the Constraints analysis, Orange Cove currently does not establish minimum densities for residential zoning districts but has generally not received requests to develop similar sites below identified densities. In the absence of minimum density standards, the Housing Element employs conservative Table 1J-2.5 shows the buildout density of Orange Cove's most recently constructed affordable housing development. As shown in the table, Amaya Village Apartments was constructed in the R-3 zoning district at 55.9 percent of the maximum permitted density. The complex includes 80 deed-restricted affordable units and I manager unit. Based on the density of this project, the inventory uses a realistic density  assumptions ofrealistic density based on the built densities of recent developments.  assumption of 16.2 dwelling units per acrei in the R-3: zone.  1J-2-6  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT [JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Table 1J-2.5: Recent Affordable Housing Project Densities  Project Name/Location Zoning Max.  Site Number Built  Percent of Density 55.9%  District Allowed Size ofUnits Density Max.. Allowed  Density (Acres) 29  (du/acre) 81 16.2  Amaya Village Apartments  R-3  5.0  Source: City of San Joaquin, Fresno Housing Authority, 2022 Assumptions for Mixed-Use Sites  As described above, vacant sites with mixed-use zoning (M-U) are assumed to have capacity for housing development affordable to moderate income households. The M-U zone allows multi-family residential development when located above ground floor commercial uses and establishes a maximum density of21.8 dwelling units per acre. Due tot the ground-floor commercial requirement, residential capacity on these sites isc calculated assuming 50 percent ofthei maximum allowable density, or 10.9 dwelling units per: acre. Upon completion of the Zoning Code update noted above, the City anticipates there will be no change in the development capacity ofi inventoried M-U sites as multi-family housing in the C-3 zone will continue to be Although the land use permissions oft thel M-U zone allow for thej possibility of developing a site with only non-residential uses, the City expects thel likelihood ofthis occurring to be minimal. Given the overall slow pace of private investment throughout the city and a corresponding lack of developer interest in new commercial projects, there is no demonstrated trend of development on M-U sites. In fact, the only recent example of development in the M-U zone is a standalone residential project. In February 2023, building permits were issued to construct a new single-family residence on a 0.17-acre site on gth Avenue. The property owner also intends to build a second unit upon completion ofthe first unit, yielding ai final project density of approximately 11.7 dwelling units per acre. The City anticipates that the assumed realistic capacity of 10.9 dwelling units per acre (or 50 percent maximum allowable density). is a conservative  permitted as part of mixed-use developments.  assumption for inventoried M-U sites. Assumptions for R-2/R-2-A Sites  Vacant sites with R-2 or R-2-A zoning are also assumed to have capacity for moderate-income housing. Although thel R-2-A: zone allows thes same: maximum density as the R-2: zone (14.5 dwelling units per acre), the R-2-A restricts multi-fàmily buildings to one story. Residential capacity on R-2-A sites is calculated assuming 50j percent of the maximum allowable density, or 7.3 dwelling units per acre. Capacity on R-2 sites is calculated assuming 80 percent of maximum allowable density, or 11.6 dwelling units per acre. Upon completion of the Zoning Code amendment replacing R-2-A with R-2 zoning noted above, the City anticipates that inventoried R-2-A sites will provide greater housing capacity than considered in this  analysis within the planning period.  FRESNO MULTAJURISDICTONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-2-7    SECTION 1J-2: SITES INVENTORY  Site Size  Per state law, sites smaller than half an acre or larger than 10 acres are not considered adequate to accommodate the lower-income housing need unless it can be demonstrated that sites of equivalent size were successfully developed during thej prior planning period or other evidence is provided that thes site can be developed as lower-income housing. The vacant sites inventory does not identify any sites larger than  10 acres for lower-income housing.  Small Sites  The vacant sites inventory does not identify any sites smaller than half an acre for lower-income housing. However, there are several small infill sites with residential zoning that will be suitable for moderate- and above moderate-income housing development if consolidated with adjacent parcels. Sites Identified in Per statute (Government Code Section 65583.2(c)), a non-vacant site identified in one previous planning period or a vacant site that has been included int two or morej previous consecutive planning periods cannot be used to accommodate the lower-income RHNA unless the site is subject to a policy in the housing element allowing residential development by right for housing developments in which at least 20 percent of the units are affordable to lower-income households. There are no sites in the lower-income sites inventory that meet these criteria. Therefore, the by-right requirement does not apply to any sites in the  Previous Housing Elements  lower-income sites inventory. Future Opportunity Areas Howard Annexation  The Cityl has identified thel Howard Annexation area as ai future opportunity site (Sites F-1 and F-2i in Figure 1J-2.1). The project is located on a 39.74-acre site at the northwest corner of. Jacobs and Adams Avenue. The east and south sides of thej property are adjacent to single-family homes within City limits. On October 28, 2020, the City Council approved the request to initiate the annexation as well as proposed division and pre-zoning ofthe project sitet to5.14 acres ofl high-density residential (R-3)1 land and 34.60 acres ofmedium- density residential (R-1-6) land split into 164 single-family residential lots. Inclusion oft the R-3 site fulfills thei remaining portion oft the City'so commitment to rezone 10 acres ofland for high-density residential uses.  1J-2-8  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  In2 2021, the City's application for the Howard annexation was denied by LAFCO due to water supply and quality constraints. To address this issue, the City is leveraging approximately $7.9: million in grant funds received from the State Department of Water Resources Small Community Drought Relief Project to construct a: new municipal groundwater well that will serve as a secondary water source for the City and allow for continued growth. The funding agreement was executed on March 13, 2022. City engineers are currently (2024) in the process of completing design drawings and specifications for a new test well, and plan toi release the project for bidi in February 2024 and award the contract by mid-March oft the same year,s Depending on the water quality results from the test well and required level of water treatment, the City targets completion of a permanent well in the summer of2024. Upon completion, the City will re-submit the annexation application to LAFCO for reconsideration by the end of the year. The Housing Element includes Program 4 to commit to completing necessary infrastructure improvements and other necessary actions to make the Howard annexation available for housing within the planning period. If and when LAFCO approves the annexation, the Howard Annexation area could be added to the Housing Element sites inventory toj provide additional capacity beyond that currently (2023) counted int the inventory.  Kings Canyon Unified School District Site  The City has also identified a large R-3-zoned site owned by Kings Canyon Unified School District (KCUSD) as aj possible future opportunity site (Site F-3 in Figure 1J-2.1). The site is approximately 15.54 acres and is located within city limits east of South Monson Avenue and north of East South Avenue. KCUSD has preliminary plans to construct a new elementary school with a capacity for 600 students that will accommodate anticipated growth in Orange Cove. However, according to the California Department of Toxic Substances Control's (DTSC) EnviroStor database, the site requires remediation of soil contaminants from prior agricultural uses in order to develop. KCUSD has taken initial steps to remediate thes site, but school district officials confirmedi that as ofJanuary 2024, plans to clean upt thes soil and develop the site are on hold indefinitely. Development of the site is a long-term effort and likely 10 years out, pending approval ofthe District's expansion plan. In the event that KCUSD abandons plans to develop an elementary school, the site could potentially be added to the Housing Element inventory in future years. The site would still require some level of remediation prior to developing it for housing.  Infrastructure Availability  The City of Orange Cove provides sewer service within city limits. The City recently completed improvements to the collection system and wastewater treatment plant to expand capacity. The system has a capacity of3.0. million gallons per day (mgd): for average daily flow and a peak flow of 6.0 mgd. The City estimates that the wastewater treatment plant is currently treating 0.8 mgd, less than 30j percent of maximum capacity. The water plant was originally rated at 3.01 mgd production per day, but capacity is dropping due to wear and tear on the plants. Two plants are used, Plant A, which was built in 1969 and uses conventional filtration, and Plant B, which is meeting its expected capacity. However, there is still sufficient remaining treatment capacity in thes system to accommodate the City's RHNA andj provide service tor new growth areas.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-2-9    SECTION 1J-2: SITES INVENTORY  The City receives a majority ofi its water from the Central Valley Project through the Friant-Kern Canal. Thej present allotment is 456r million gallons per year. Thei remainder oft the city's domestic water is provided by ground water wells. The Cityi is permitted to use three wells on an active status and four additional wells for stand-by. The three active wells have a capacity of270 gallons per minute, or 142 million gallons per year. The wells produce water that exceeds the State standard for nitrate levels. To mitigate this condition, well water is pumped to the City's water treatment plant and blended with the surface water from the canal The City contracts with the Bureau of Reclamation, which provides class 1 water, and the Lower Tule Irrigation District, which provides class 2 water, for the city's water supply. Friant water authority is the delivery system for the Bureau of Reclamation. The Bureau of Reclamation contract includes 1,400-acre feet, which is guaranteed based on a percentage and on drought conditions. The Lower Tule Irrigation District contract of 1,000-acre feet is not guaranteed and serves as backup water for the City. The total contracted annual allotments equal approximately 782,000,000 gallons. The City's surface water treatment plant (SWTP) provides water to residences within the City. The plant has the capacity to treat up to 3,000,000 gallons per day with a 2,000,000-gallon storage tank. By assuming 50 percent rate of capacity, the SWTP: is capable of producing approximately 547,500,000 gallons oftreated water annually. From July 1,2 2019, to June 30, 2020, Orange Cove residents, industrial and commercial businesses consumed approximately 312,652,000 gallons of treated water. Assuming stable existing demand and the City's estimated water demand, the system will have sufficient capacity to accommodate the RHNA.  and then transmitted to the city's distribution system.  Environmental Constraints  Allj parcels that met the criteria above were: reviewed by City staffto confirm any environmental constraints and other possible constraints to development feasibility. There are no known constraints due to irregular shape, size, or access limitations. Below: is a description of potential environmental constraints and hazards  pertinent to the city ofOrange Cove and how they relate to the sites ini thei inventory.  1J-2-10  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Flooding  The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) develops flood maps that identify areas with the highest risk of flooding. Figure 1J-2.2 shows the locations oft the existing FEMA 100-year flood: zones in the City of Orange Cove with the Housing Element sites. While the majority oft the sites in the inventory are not within a 100-year flood zone, 27 sites are at least partially located within this zone. Siting a development in a 100-year flood zone is not an impediment to construction because a minimal amount of fill can be added to the site to mitigate the potential flood risk. Construction can occur as long as the completed floor level is one: foot above flood elevation. These sites must also comply with the City's Flood Hazard Area Ordinance, which protects against risk to new and existing development by requiring any building proposed within a special flood hazard area to obtain al building permit and provide information specifically related toi flood risk. The permit is reviewed by the city administrator, who has been designated as the Flood Plain Administrator, to ensure that the project will be reasonably safe from flooding and will not adversely increase flood risk elsewhere. Therefore, the presence ofa 100-year flood zone will not preclude development on any oft thes sites in thei inventory or expose future residents to potential harm.  Other Constraints and Hazards  Williamson Act contracts, which allow local governments to enter into contracts with private landowners for the purpose of restricting specific parcels of land to agricultural or related open space use, is another potential constraint to residential development. As shown in Figure 1J-2.3, much of the land surrounding the city is under active Williamson Act contracts, particularly along the north, west, and south borders. There is no land within Orange Cove city limits that is currently under Williamson Act contract. Further, Site contamination poses another potential constraint to residential development in Orange Cove, especially as development occurs along the City's edges on sites that have historically been occupied by intensive agricultural operations. All sites included in the vacant sites inventory were. reviewed against the DTSC EnviroStor database for potential contamination. There are no known contamination issues on any sites  no: sites identified in the Sites Inventory are under active Williamson Act contract.  included in thei inventory.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-2-11      L is is N   2  o  3  d6 e o  E a a lo 5 3 0o a o0 8 0  + -  6 9 8    is  i  o    a  lo  o 3 a e    i  t t l t  5 2  2 2 4    o    SECTION 1J-2: SITES INVENTORY  Figure 1J-2.1: Orange Cove Sites Inventory  Benyamin St G0 63 2  Ramonn St Adams Ave  52 BSI  BSt 57  St  1  2 ESumner AvP 09 13- 12 Martne  -42 40 90 40 39 88 87 85 84 P2 PAg 31  25--28 GSI 19 23  HST  E3  104  ESouth Ave 6 186 5 9  us Senator Dianne  Cityl Limits Pipeline Projects Future Opportunity Site Zoning District EIIE Mixed Use (M-U)  Single Family Residential 12,000 5q. ft min. (R-1-12) Single Family Residential 6,000s sq. ft. min. (R-1-6) Medium High! Density Residential (R-2) EE Medium High Density Res. One Story (R-2A) High Density Multi-Family Residential (R-3)  750 1,500 Feet  Source: City of Orange Cove and Ascent, August 2023  1J-2-16  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-2.2: Sites Inventory and FEMA 100-Year Flood Zones  Benjamins St RA 1e3 2 30  Ramona St Adams Ave  2 BS?  CSr 4 DSt  2 ESumerAve 04  26  86  HSL  Kartine  3  22 P4  ESouthA Ave  6  City! Limits Sites Inventory EZ7II Future Opportunity Site 5 100-year Floodz Zone  750 1,500 Feet  Source: Data downloaded from FEMA in 2023; adapted by Ascent in: 2023. FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-2-17    SECTION 1J-2: SITES INVENTORY  Figure 1J-2.3: Sites Inventory and Active Williamson Act Contracts  Bonjamin SI RO 163  Raniona St AdamsA Ave  52 BSt  CSt 47 46 450 43 030 042 40 DEaton E40 GSt 138 024 HSr 23 085 84 ISt 22 P2 R  2 ESumer Ave 09  Park  ESouth Ave 0 6 9  Whittier  uS Senstor  Cityl Limits Sites Inventory 2II3 Future Opportunity Site Williamson, Act Contracts (2022)  750 1500  2N2001747 GS0A  Source: Data downloaded from California Department of Conservation in 2023; adapted by Ascent in 2023.  1J-2-18  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  RHNA Summary  Table 1J-2.7 providesas summary ofOrange Cove'sability to1 meet the 2023-2031 RHNA. Thet total RHNA for the 2023-2031 RHNA is 469 units, including 115 lower-income units (very low- and low-), 86. moderate-income units, and 268 above moderate-income units. Based on the housing units planned in pending projects and capacity on vacant sites, the City has a surplus of 117 lower-income units, 66.  moderate-income units, and 54 above moderate-income units.  Table 1J-2.7: RHNA Summary  Project  Units by Income Level  Total Units LI MI AMI 115 86 268 469 121 89 0 210 111 63 322 496 232 152 322 706 117 66 54 237  2023-2031 RHNA (Table 1J-2.1) Planned and Approved Projects (Table 1J-2.2) Capacity on Vacant Sites (Table 1J-2.6)  Total Capacity Surplus Income  RHNA = Regional Housing Needs Assessment, LI= Lower-income, MI= Moderate-ncome, AMI = Above Moderate-  Source: City of Orange Cove, February 2024  FRESNO MULTIJURISDICTONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-2-19    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS  Land Use Controls General Plan Analysis  The Land Use Element of the Orange Cove General Plan sets forth the City's policies for guiding local development. The General Plan contains residential land use designations allowing housing development with densities ranging from less than 5 dwelling units per acre up to 29 dwelling units per acre. Residential development is also permitted within the Mixed-Use designation in conjunction. with a ground-floor commercial use. Table 1J-4.1 below presents the General Plan land use designations permitting residential  uses, and correlates these with the associated implementing zoning districts.  Table 1J-4.1: General Plan Land Use Designations Permitting Residential Use  General Plan Designation Medium Density Residential Mixed-Use  Residential Use Types  Permitted Maximum Corresponding Zone  Density (dwelling units/gross acre) 5du/acre 15d du/acre 29 du/acre  District R-1-12 R-1-6, R-2 R-1-5, R-2,R-3, R-3-A, MHP C-2,C-3,M-U  Low Density Residential Single family homes  Single family homes, duplex, tri-plex, four- plex, mobile home parks condominiums Residential above ground- Not specified" floor commercial uses  High Density Residential Apartment complexes,  The Land Use Element does not specify a minimum or maximum, permitted density withint the Mixed-Use designation.  Source: City of Orange Cove General Plan, Land Use Element, 2022  Conclusion  The City offers a range of housing densities in the community. The densities are sufficiently high to allow the development ofaffordablel housing for alli income levels. However, the City does not establish minimum residential densities for residential land use designations. Minimum residential density requirements arean important tool to guide housing development, particularly as a mechanism to encourage higher density  housing projects in strategic areas. Recommended Action  The Housing Element includes Program 12 to amend the General Plan and Zoning Code to adopt minimum  residential densities for land use designations that allow residential development.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-4-1    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  Introduction  Government Code Chapter 15 Section 8899.50, signed into law in 2018 under Assembly Bill (AB) 686, requires all public agencies in California to "administer its programs and activities relating to housing and community development in a manner to affirmatively further fair housing, and take no action that is Thisi means cities and counties are required toi take deliberate actions to address disparities inl housing needs, access to opportunity, and settlement patterns forj protected populations. Consistent with Government Code  materially inconsistent with its obligation to affirmatively further fair housing."  Section 65583, housing elements are required to address the following components:  Inclusive and Equitable Outreach: Local jurisdictions must make a diligent effort to equitably include all community stakeholders in the housing element participation process. Assessment of Fair Housing: Alll housing elements musti include an assessment ofintegration: and segregation patterns and trends, racially or ethnically concentrated areas of poverty, disparities in access to opportunity, and disproportionate housing needs, including displacement risk. Analysis of Sites Inventory: Local jurisdictions must evaluate and address how particular sites available for housing development will meet the needs of households at all income levels. The housing element must analyze and conclude whether the identified sites improve or exacerbate Identification of Contributing Factors: Based on findings from the previous steps, housing elements musti identify, evaluate, and prioritize the contributing factors related to fair housing issues. Policies and Actions to Affirmatively Further Fair Housing: Local jurisdictions must adopt fair housing goals and actions that are significant, meaningful, and sufficient to overcome identified patterns of segregation and affirmatively further fair housing (AFFH). Thel housing element should include metrics and milestones for evaluating progress and fair housing results.  conditions for fair housing.  Outreach  As part of the Mult-Jurisdictional Housing Element update process, the City hosted and participated in a variety of outreach efforts locally and throughout the county. Thej purpose of outreach was to: solicit feedback from local stakeholders and members of the community to inform the assessment of housing needs and program development. This Assessment of Fair Housing includes a summary of local outreach activities. Feedback received from the community was used to inform the Housing Element policies and programs, as well as to provide additional local context and knowledge. A full summary of outreach efforts can be found  in Section 1J-6, Public Outreach and Engagement.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-3-1    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  Community Workshop  On September 22, 2022, the City of Orange Cove held an in-person Community Workshop to provide information on the Housing Element and solicit input from the community. The City notified the community of this meeting through flyers distributed in English and Spanish through the FCOG listserv of regional stakeholders and community-based organizations (CBOs) and through the Fresno Housing Authority. City staff also distributed English and Spanish flyers at the Fresno Economic Opportunities Commission Food Distribution event. Information about the workshop was also posted on the City's Facebook page with a link to the Eventbrite registration page, which included information about Spanish language interpretation, Eight community members attended the community workshop held at the Orange Cove Senior Citizen Center. The main theme oft the discussion was the need for more deeply affordable housing to1 match! household incomes inc Orange Cove. Participants shared thatr many residents strugglet toqualify foraffordable or1 market-ratel housing, due to low credit scores or lack of sufficient documentation. Participants were especially concerned about the rising cost of living and heightened displacement risk among the City's residents, many of whom are farmworkers. Residents are worried about marketconditions andi unforeseen emergencies that couldi impact their incomes such that they lose their homes. These fears were exacerbated by the economic impacts oft the Covid- 19p pandemic; many residents have fallen into debt due tol lay-offs or lost hours due toi illness. Participantsl highlighted ther needi fora additional communtyamenitues, such asi improved citys services, parkslopen spaces, and grocery stores. Citys staffs shared concerns about providing financial incentives tol housing developers (.e., fee waivers) when the City's impact fees are relatively low; revenue from development fees is crucial to Participants also expressed concerns about the safety and quality of the City's water supply. The City recently built a new well to augment the citywide supply; however, residents are concerned that water from  refreshments, and activities for children that would be available at the workshop.  financing community development projects and maintaining existing levels ofs service.  the new well is not safe as drinking water.  Study Session  A joint study session was held with the Planning Commission and City Council at a special meeting on September 28, 2022, to discuss the Housing Element Update process. The study session was open to the public and held inj person, with al livestream option to reach: members of the public who could not attend in person. Commentary was limited and no public comment related to fair housing was received at the meeting; instead, commissioners and council members expressed concern regarding the need for more affordable housing since thei majority ofresidents arei farm workers and cannot afford housing at fair market rates. Commissioners and council members also asked for more information on government subsidy  programs that can help buyers with down payment assistance.  1J-3-2  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Assessment of Fair Housing Issues  This section serves as an assessment of fair housing practices in the City and has been prepared pursuant to Government Code Section 65583 (c)(10). It examines existing conditions and demographic patterns including settlement patterns of protected populations, areas of high and low opportunities, and disproportionate housing needs in Orange Cove. The analysis is primarily based on data from the U.S. Census American Community Survey (ACS), the HCD. AFFH tool, and data reported in Chapters 2 and 4 This section is organized by fair housing topics. Strategies to address the identified issues are included throughout the section. This section also includes an analysis of the Housing Element's sites inventory as compared with fair housing factors. Through discussions with housing service providers, fair housing advocates, and this assessment of fair housing issues, the City of Orange Cove identified factors that contribute to fair housing issues. These contributing factors are included in Table 1J-3.10 with associated actions to meaningfully affirmatively further fair housing related to these factors. Programs to affirmatively  of the Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element.  further fair housing are included in Section 1J-1, Action Plan, Note on Geospatial Analysis and Data Limitations  This fair housing assessment, and the Housing Element generally, relies heavily on data from the U.S. Census American Community Survey. Census data is compiled primarily by census tract or by block group. However, the City's small population and geographic area limit the reliability and usefulness of demographic data from the U.S. Census data for analyzing local fair housing trends and dynamics. Witha population of less than 8,000 residents, the sample size in Orange Cove is small enough to increase the overall level ofsampling error: reported when estimates arei made using the data. Figure 1J-3.1 and Figure 1J-3.2 display Orange Cove city boundaries compared to census tract and block group boundaries defined by the U.S. Census Bureau. The City's boundaries lie completely within two census tracts, both of which extend far beyond city limits to include a significant amount of unincorporated area. Therefore, demographic data at the census tract level may be skewed by the demographic conditions in the For these reasons, this fair housing assessment primarily uses Census data to place fair housing issues in Orange Cove into a regional context by. drawing comparisons to other jurisdictions in Fresno County. Fresno County is used as thej primary point of comparison for regional trends. References to the "Central  unincorporated areas surrounding the City in addition to elevated sampling error.  Valley"refer to the San. Joaquin basin within Fresno County.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-3-3    SECTION 1J-3:LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  When available, local knowledge and data isi incorporated to augment the analysis and provide insight into local trends and dynamics within the city. There are no defined neighborhoods within Orange Cove, and generally, the socioeconomic and demographic trends based on available data sources are internally uniform throughout the city. However, where needed, this analysis considers quadrants as an appropriate sub-unit of the city to help describe local trends. The quadrants are defined based on the intersection of Park Avenue (north/south) and Center Street (west/east). It is important to note that there is very little, if any data, available at this scale and therefore, quadrants are primarily used to describe spatial patterns ori in  conjunction with anecdotal information.  1J-3-4  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT |JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.1: Orange Cove Census Tracts  63.02  64.11  65.02  63.01  2.02  65.01  4.01  3.04  = City Boundary Census Tracts 202001202G5.00  Miles  Source: Adapted by Ascent in 2022  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-3-5    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  Figure 1J-3.2: Orange Cove Block Groups  060190064113  060190063022  061070002022  060190065022  060190065014  060190065011  060190065021  060190063013  060190065012  060190065013  061070002023  061070004011  061070003041  City Boundary Census Block Groups  2 Miles  Source: Adapted by Ascent in 2023  1J-3-6  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT [JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Patterns of Integration and Segregation  Segregation is the separation of different demographic groups into different geographic locations or communities, meaning that groups are unevenly distributed across geographic space. The data presented in this section describing segregation in Orange Cove is primarily U.S. Census data which is used to augment. the data and analysis reported for Fresno County in the Regional Fair Housing Assessment (Chapter 3). Often an assessment of segregation in a community relies on two lenses: neighborhood-leve! segregation within a local jurisdiction and city or county level segregation between jurisdictions within the region:  Neighborhood level segregation (within aj jurisdiction): Segregation ofr race and income groups can occur from: neighborhood to neighborhood within a city. For example, ifa local jurisdiction has a population that is 20 percent Latinx, but some neighborhoods are 80j percent Latinx while others have nearly no. Latinx residents, that jurisdiction would have segregated neighborhoods. City level segregation (between jurisdictions in a region): Race and income divides also occur between jurisdictions in a region. A region could be very diverse with equal numbers of White, Asian, Black, and Latinx residents, but the region could also be highly segregated with each city  comprised solely of one racial group.  As discussed above, there are significant limitations to using demographic data to extrapolate local patterns for rural jurisdictions like Orange Cove where there is both a very small population (less than 10,000) and geographic area. As such, this report focuses primarily on city-level segregation and draws comparisons between residents of Orange Cove, other Fresno County jurisdictions, and the County as a whole.  Racial and Ethnic Characteristics  As described in Chapter 2, Hispanic/Latino residents make up a majority of residents in most] jurisdictions (of any race) in Fresno County. Similarly, the City of Orange Cove's largest demographic group is Hispanic/Latino, comprising 94.9 percent ofthe City'spopulation. This is among the largest proportions of Hispaniç/Latino residents among Fresno County jurisdictions, and significantly higher than the County baseline (Hispanic/Latino residents comprise 54 percent of the countywide population). The City's Hispanic/Latino population has grown approximately 37.9 percent since the 2000 census, from 6,996 residents in 2000 to 9,646 residents in 2020 (see Table 1J-3.1). Conversely, the population of white non- Hispanic residents has declined roughly 42.2 percent over the past 20 years, with the 2020 Census Black or African American residents (non-Hispanic) are the third largest racial group in Orange Cove, comprising 1.2 percent of the population. Over time, this population has increased from 15 residents in Overall, the City's racial/ethnic distribution is more consistent with other small rural jurisdictions such Huron, Mendota, and Parlier than larger, urbanized jurisdictions which tend to reflect the Countywide  estimating 304 white residents in Orange Cove.  20001 to 117i in 2020, representing a 680 percent increase.  distribution more closely.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024  1J-3-7    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Table 1J-3.1: Population by Race and Hispanic Origin, Orange Cove, 2000-2020  2000 People  2010 ofF People  2020 of People  Number of Percent Number Percent Number Percent  White Black or African American American Indian and. Alaska Native, Alone Asian Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Some Other Race Two or More Races Hispanic or Latino Decennial Census Table H007  526 6.81% 15 0.19% 46 0.60% 103 1.33% 0 0.00% 10 0.13% 26. 0.34% 6,996 90.60%  457 5.03% 21 0.23% 28 0.31% 28 0.31% 86 0.95% 2 0.02% 18 0.20% 8,413 92.67%  304 3.00% 117 1.16% 0 0.00% 0 0.00% 26 0.26% 21 0.21% 6 0.06% 9,646 95.32%  Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS16-20 and ACS05-10. (5-year Estimates), Table B03002. U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Figure 1J-3.3 displays the distribution of non-White (including non-White Hispanic/Latino) residents in Orange Cove by block group. Consistent with citywide data, the entire City and much of the surrounding area is predominantly non-White (greater than 81 percent). The concentration of non-White residents declines west of South Crawford Avenue (between 61 and 81 percent non-White) and north of East  American Avenue (between 21 and 40 percent).  1J-3-8  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT [JULY:2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.3: Total Non-White Population, Orange Cove, 2018  E-Gentral-Avo  EAmEd-TAVE  E-Jefferson-Ave-  EHGAAVe EGEVRAVE  EGERAVE BS8  AdamsAve ESTETAVO SouthAve  ESumnerAvg  Samosn  E-Parlier-Ave- Manning-Ave-  BPorAe  SpdnghewAve  EEtaubeAvo  City Limits Local Racial Demographics (2018) Percent of Total Non-White Population >81% 61-81%  41-60% 21-40% <20% No Data  EHunlsman-vo EtFioralA w  EFelAve  Miles  Source: Data downloadedi from HCD, AFFH Dataa and Mapping Tooli in 2021, based on 2015-2019, American Community  Survey data  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT! IJULY2024  1J-3-9    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Income Distribution  According to. 2016-2020 ACS data presented in Figure 2-2 (Local Median Income), Orange Cove has the lowest citywide median. household income in Fresno County with a median household income of$25,587, well below the Fresno County and statewide median household incomes (S57,109 and $78,672, respectively. The regional analysis identifies Orange Cove as having the highest percentage of lower- income households within Fresno County, constituting 80.8 percent oft the total households. Thc City also has thel highest rates of representation of very low-income households in Fresno County, with 28.1 percent of Orange Cove households in the very low-income bracket compared to a countywide average of 12.8 percent (see Table 2-9). Further, as described in Chapter 2, more than half of all households qualify as either extremely low- or very low-income households. Household incomes in Orange Cove are generally comparable to other small rural jurisdictions in Fresno County in areas where the employment base is dominated by agricultural and trade/manufacturing industries. Economic opportunity in Orange Cove is The City's low median household income and overrepresentation of very low-income households correspond with high rates of poverty. As shown below in Table 1J-3.2, citywide poverty. rates have generally increased over time, rising from 39.0 percent in 2010 to 44.9 percent in 2020., Although the data indicates that poverty rates have somewhat rebounded from a sharp spike in 2015 (48.5 percent), this upward trend may have been destabilized by economic impacts oft the Covid-191 pandemic.  discussed in more detail in "Access to Opportunity."  Table 1J-3.2: Orange Cove Poverty Rates, 2010-2020  2010 689 39.0% 1,767  2015 951 48.5% 1,960  2020 1,004 44.9% 2.235  Households below Poverty Level Percent of All Households inl Poverty Total Households  Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B17019  Median household incomes for racial/ethnic groups in Orange Cove, shown in Figure 1J-3.4, deviate from countywide trends. As described above in "Patterns of Race and Ethnicity," Orange Cove is predominantly Hispanic/Latino with non-Hispanic whites and other non-Hispanic racial groups individually comprising 3 perçent ofthe population or less. With suchs small sample sizes int the city, dataisnotavailable: fort thei racial groups making up less than 1 percent of the population. In contrast to countywide trends, Hispanic/Latino households have higher median household incomes than non-Hispanic White residents by approximately $5,129.  1J-3-10  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.4: Median Household Income by Race, Orange Cove, 2020  $80,000 $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $0:  1A  HCityofOrange Cove Fresno County  Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B19013  Figure 1J-3.5 displays household incomes by block group in Orange Cove. Within city limits, households in block groups south oft the railroad tend to report slightly higher household incomes than those located north of the railroad. The highest median household incomes (S33,922) are found int the block group south ofther railroad, bounded by Anchor Avenue and 10t Street and extending to South Avenue. Inl block groups north oft the railroad, median household incomes do not exceed $30,000: a year. As shown in Figure 1J-3.6 residents livingi north oftherailroad: also experience slightly higher rates ofpoverty (greater than 40j percent) Given the extremely low median household income in Orange Cove compared to other jurisdictions in the region and state, households likely have continued to face challenges in finding housing affordable within  relative to residents on the south side (between 30 and 40 percent).  their incomes and completing necessary repairs to their homes.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI |JULY2024  1J-3-11    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  Figure 1J-3.5: Median Household Income by Block Group, Orange Cove, 2019  Evowardve  ECentral-Aver  EAmerican-Ave  Eefferson-Ave-  E-kincoln-Ave- Clayton-Ave-  -EClaytor-Ave-  ESurnerAve-  umnerAve-  ParlionAve E-Manning-Ave-  Rarlier-A  E-Springfield-Avé  E-Dinuba-Ave  EHuntsman-Ave--  1 City Boundary Median Household Income Greater than $200,000 $150,000 $199,999 $100,000-$149,999 $87,101 $99,999 No Data  $50,000- $87,100 (HCD 2020 State Median Income)  Miles  20220017,0265.021  Source: Data downloaded: from HCD/ AFFH Data and Mapping Toolin 2022, based on 2015-2019, American Community  Survey data. 1J-3-12  FRESNO MULTIJURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.6: Poverty Rates by Census Tract, Orange Cove, 2019  Fowa-lve  ESentraAve-  E-JeffersonAve-  EMmcabAvp EGapiaAve  EGlaylenAve BS? 5  AdesAre BSTEFAVE SghA  ESumnerAve-  Souzos7  E-ParliarAve ManningiAve-  FPanAvp  SpdnghlSAve  EhaAve  : City Limits Poverty Status by CensusT Tract Percent of Population whose income in the past 12 monthsi is below poverty level > 40%6 30940% 20%-30% 10%-20% <1 10%  EHunisman-Arr ErFloralrAve-  raA  Miles  Source: Data downloaded: from! HCD AFFH Data and Mapping Tooli in 2022, based on: 2015-2019, American Community  Survey data.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-3-13    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  Familial Status  The Fair Housing Act (FHA) bans discrimination based on certain protected classes, including familial status," which: refers to thej presence ofa at] least one child under 18 years old. Under the FHA, familial status discrimination occurs when a landlord, property manager, real estate agent, or property owner treats someone differently because they have a family with one or more individuals who are under 18 years of age. A "family" also includes people who are pregnant and people who are int thej process of securing legal custody ofaj person under 18 years of age, including a family that is in the process ofa adopting a child, or foster parents. All families with children are protected by the FHA against familial status discrimination, Rules that unreasonably restrict children or limit the ability of children to use their housing or the common facilities at the property may violate the FHA. Moreover, enforcing certain rules only against families with children may also violate thel FHA. Thei following are examples oft thet types ofc conduct thati may violate thel FHA: Refusing to rent, sell, or negotiate with a family because the family has one or more children under Advertising aj preference for households without children or otherwise discouraging such families. Telling an individual with children no unit is available even though a uniti is in fact available. Designating certain floors or buildings for families with children or encouraging families with Charging additional rent, security deposit, or fees because al household has children under 18 years This assessment examines the spatial distribution ofhouseholds by familial status to determine the potential offamilial status discrimination ini the city. Family households are defined by California law as al household of two or more persons, regardless of relationship status. Most Orange Cove households are family households (approximately 86 percent include more than one person in the households). Households with  including single-parent households and same-sex couples with children.  18 years ofage.  Forcing families into housing units that are larger than necessary.  children to reside in particular areas.  ofage.  children account for 53 percent of alll households in Orange Cove.  1J-3-14  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Table 1J-3.3: Households by Familial Status, 2020  Household Type  Orange Cove 458 95 873 372 884 1,426 2,682  Fresno County 22,501 5,073 82,185 68,771 131,567 107,759 310,097  Female-Headed Households with Children Male-Headed Households with Children Married-Couple or Cohabiting Couple Households with Children Single-Person Households Other Households without Children Total Households with Children Total Households  17.1% 3.5% 32.6% 13.9% 32.9% 53.2%  7.3% 1.6% 26.5% 22.2% 42.4% 35.4%  Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B11012  As shown in Table 1J-3.3, approximately 20.6 percent of Orange Cove households are single-parent households, primarily female-headed (17.1 percent of all households). In fact, the: City has the highest incidence ofs single female-headed households with children among Fresno CountyJurisdictions (see Table Female-headed, single-parent households experience poverty at disproportionately higher rates than two- parent households across Fresno County, as described in the Housing Needs Assessment. Orange Cove reflects this trend, more than half( (62.4 percent) off female-headed households with children havel household incomes below thej poverty line, compared to 44.9 percent ofall households in the City. Figure 1J-3.7 depicts rates of children in female-headed, single-parent households by census tract in Orange Cove. Similar to otheri indicators ofi integration and segregation within the City, thes spatial distribution of familial status datal by census tract does not reveal significant geographic patterns within City limits.  2-30), significantly higher than the countywide rate of7.3 percent.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-3-15    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  Figure 1J-3.7: Children in Female-Headed Households, Orange Cove, 2019  IVEAve  ERErAVe  ElumteanAve  BaflysanAto  ElneahAve EGtnAva  EGRAve BSI   AdasAre ESUnEYANE Soufhhvo  ESRERAO  SUZESE  ERMESA EMnAve  ERAOTANO  ESardaglcsAve  EDtaubaAve  EAREENA EAVA  : City Limits Percent of Childreni inl Female Households, No Spouse/Partner Present Households 20%-40% <20% No Data  Miles  Source: Data downloaded: from HCD/ AFFH Data and Mapping Tool in 2022, based on 2015-2019, American Community  Survey data 1J-3-16  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY: 2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Disability Rates and Services  Persons with disabilities typically have special housing needs due to physical and/or developmental capabilities, fixed or limited incomes, and higher health costs associated with their disabilities. Seniors typically experience disabilities at higher rates. Approximately 7.5 percent ofOrange Cove population lives with one or more types of disabilities, welll below both the Fresno County average of1 12.9 percent and state average of1 10.7 percent. This may be due, inp part, tot the City's low. median age (25.8 years) relative to other cities in Fresno County; 40.7 percent ofs seniors in Orange Cove live with at least one disability. Over time, the proportion of Orange Cove residents living with disabilities has slightly declined. In 2014, the disability rate was 8.9 percent compared to 7.5 percent in 2020, with seniors comprising a larger proportion of the population with disabilities in 2020 (40 percent compared to 27.9 percent in 2014). The spatial distribution of residents living with disabilities within two census tracts is difficult to specify given the availability of data. Figure 1J-3.8 compares disability ratesi in 2014 and 2019: for census tracts in As shown on Table 2-32, Disability by Type (2020), ambulatory disabilities were the most prevalent disability type in the City, with 51 percent oft thej population with a disability reporting this challenge. The next most common disability types were cognitive difficulties at 35 percent, independent living difficulties at:2 27.5 percent, and vision difficulties at 27 percent. Orange Cove also has a small population of residents with developmental disabilities (less than one percent of total population), of which approximately 84 individuals are under 18 years of age; 97.5 percent of all residents with developmental disabilities (approximately 119 individuals) live at the home of a parent, family, or guardian, reflecting a general  Orange Cove. As shown, there are no significant spatial trends ata a local level.  shortage of care facilities int the City.  FRESNO MULTAJURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-3-17    Mm  BouGs RTA0 f  TA9  PMA  EAE  Riasnas  nus  a  e  atasso  Ai Andrits Buts    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Concentrated Areas of Race and Income  Many oft the racial and spatial divisionsi in Orange Cove, described in the: assessment above, originated from the early settlement and development patterns oft the San Joaquin Valley. In the early 1930s, "Dust Bowl refugees" fleeing severe drought and dust storms in the American Midwest migrated west to California in search of work. Approximately 28 percent of migrants arriving in the state during this time settled in the San Joaquin Valley, and primarily resided in shanty camps, trailers, or farm labor camps operated by the Farm Security Administration." Traditionally, White immigrants were employed in packing facilities or fruit picking while more physically demanding stoop labor was only deemed appropriate for non-White workers. Non-White workers werea also excluded from farm labor camps and either settledi in ethnic quarters However, by. 1950, many White Dust Bowl migrants had left the San Joaquin Valley and Orange Cove to join the military during World War II or found work in the manufacturing sector. As a result, farms began to employ Mexican and Central American immigrants in greater numbers, and many of these laborers settled in the settlement areas left behind by Dust Bowl migrants. Many of these Dust Bowl era "legacy communities" were developed without sufficient infrastructure and service planning and continue to face significant challenges meeting the basic infrastructure needs of their populations. Residents of these communities are also disproportionately burdened with environmental pollution due to the proximity of agricultural and industrial uses, highways, and contaminated groundwater systems. Many Dust Bowl era legacy communities are considered racially or ethnically concentrated areas of poverty today. Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas of Poverty (R/EÇAP) are neighborhoods in which there are both racial concentrations and high poverty rates. HUD designates census tracts as R/ECAPs using thei following  ofnearby cities or established separate rural settlements outside of city limits.  criteria:  Ac census tract that has a non-white population of 50 percent or more majonty-minonty) or, for Ac census tract that has ar non-white population of 50 percent or more (majority-minority) AND the poverty rate is three times the average tract poverty rate for the county, whicheveri is lower. Households within R/ECAP tracts frequently represent the most disadvantaged households within a community and often face a multitude of housing challenges. R/ECAPS are meant to identify where residents may have historically faced discrimination and continue to be challenged by limited economic opportunity. Based on 2013-2017 data from HUD, approximately 6 percent of all census tracts in the San Joaquin Valley qualify as R/ECAPs. The vast majority of these R/ECAP tracts are located in urban areas, however, eight R/ECAPS are located in rural small towns and unincorporated areas such as Mendota,  non-urban areas, 20 percent, AND aj poverty rate of40j percent or more; OR  Huron, Mojave, McFarland, City of San Joaquin, and Orange Cove.  San Joaquin Valley Fair Housing and Equity Assessment, 2014. Available via: pasamisismotcN  oced/documentsSV Fair-Housing-and-Equity-Assessment April-2014.pdf FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-3-19    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  As shown in Figure 1J-3.9, Orange Cove is located within two census tracts designated as R/ECAPs according tol HUD's data from 2013-2017. More recent data from the 2023TCAC/HCD Opportunity Maps, also classifies Orange Cove as an area ofl high segregation and poverty. This is likely a result oft the City's high rate of poverty (44.91 percent) and predominantly non-White population (94.9 percent of residents are Hispanic/Latino). Because of its small size, Orange Cove has similar characteristics throughout the city. It does not have definedi neighborhoods or areas with higher rates ofo concentrated poverty than others. Limited investment, unstable economic conditions, andt thes slow pace of development has prevented: socioeconomic Conversely, affluence is most generally defined as an abundance of wealth or money. A spatial analysis of affluence by race or ethnicity can be used to determine a Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Area of Affluence (RCAA). Using HCD's methodology for identifying RCAAS in California, RCAAS in Fresno  factors from improving throughout the City.  County are census tracts with:  an average total White population that is 1.25 times higher than the average total White population ai median household income of$141,996 or higher (1.5 times higher than the Fresno County AMI As discussed in more detail in Chapter 3, there are several areas in Fresno County that qualify as RCAAS (see Figure 3-11). However, there are no RCAAS in Orange Cove or the surrounding area due to both a small population of White residents and low median household income relative tol Fresno County.  int the Fresno County region; and  in2019).  1J-3-20  FRESNO  HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.9: R/ECAPS, Orange Cove  LElowarive  E-SentrawAvd-  ferson-Ave-  SurerAve-  E-Parlier-Ave- E-Manning:Ave-  EHuntsmanAve- -Floral-Ave-  City Limits Racially or Ethnically Concentrated Areas Poverty (R/ECAP) R/ECAP  Miles  20229017.02615029  Source: Data downloaded from HCD AFFH Data and Mapping Tool in 2022, based on 2015-2019 American  Community Survey data.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-3-21    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Access to Opportunity  This fair housing assessment utilizes 2022 Council of Governments (COG) Geography TCAC/HCD Opportunity Maps to analyze access to opportunity within the City ofOrange Cove. Ther regional fair housing assessment (Chapter 3) is based on 2021 HCD/TCAC opportunity index scores that were available on the HCD AFFH Data Viewer at the time of writing (Summer 2022). The 2022 COG Geography TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map is based on a similar formula to the 2021 map but compares each tract to those within the COG region. rather than regions defined by TCAC. In the case of Fresno County, the comparison region changed from the Central Valley Region to thel boundaries of Fresno COG, resulting in internal comparison of Fresno County cities and communities. The City's resource designation (low resource) and individual domain index scores: remained stable between 2021 and 2022 maps. This assessment's: analysis ofsegregation and integration patterns and fair housing conditions relies heavily on interjurisdictional comparisons due to the City's small size, and the 2022 COG Geography TCAC/HCD Opportunity Map methodology is more. consistent with this analytical approach. Chapter 3 provides an in-depth summary of HCD/TCAC's oppartunity area methodology and the various indicators considered in each domain's index scores.  TCAC/HCD Opportunity Areas  Figure 3-1 shows the composite score oft the 2022 TCAC Opportunity Areas ini the Fresno County region. As described in Chapter 3, most of Fresno County, particularly in the incorporated cities, is primarily a mix of low-resource or moderate-resource areas and areas ofhigh segregation and poverty. Pockets ofhigh resource designations are located in areas north and east of the City of Fresno, and within the City of Clovis. In the unincorporated çounty, high and highest resource: areas are generally in the northeast and eastern portions of the county, including the unincorporated community of Squaw Valley, although most of the land isi included within the Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks andi is predominantly rural and sparsely inhabited. Figure 1J-3.10 shows a closer look at Orange Cove andi its surroundings. The Cityi is located within two census tracts designated as areas ofhigh segregation and poverty, consistent with adjacent census tracts tot thes south and east within Tulare County. Adjacent census tracts to the north and west with Fresno County are designated as areas ofl highi resource, consistent with greater levels of affluence in the Sierra Nevada foothills areas.  1J-3-22  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.10: TCAC Opportunity Areas - Composite Score, Local, 2022  Elloyuave  ECntAvE  ESGEOnAv  SlaytonAve  Slaytor-Av  ESumIsAtg  EPNERAVB EMTIRAVE  ESaringfiak-Av  Ave  City Limits TCAC Opportunity Areas (2022)- Composite Score Highest Resource High Resource Moderate Resource Low Resource High Segregation & Poverty Missing/Insuficient  EEREmBDANO EFAVO  23A9BIZAEBEANE  Source: Data downloaded from the Califomia State Treasurer TCAC/HCD Opportunity Area Maps in 2022.  FRESNO MULTANURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-3-23    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Educational Opportunities  As shown in Figure 3-23, TCAC/HCD report the strongest projected educational outcomes in Fresno County fors students in the Cities of Clovis and Fresno. Positive educational outcomes were also reported in the eastern unincorporated areas surrounding and extending east of the cities of Sanger, Reedley, and The City of Orange Cove is served by Kings Canyon Unified School District (KCUSD). There are three elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school in the City (see Figure 1J-3.11). Generally, Orange Cove provides relatively positive educational outcomes according to the TCAC Educational Opportunity Index withl both census tracts receiving higher index scores (between 0.5and 0.75) than nearby jurisdictions outside ofKCUSD service area such as Parlier, Fowler, and Selma. However, the City offers less positive educational outcomes than more urbanized, affluent areas towards the north in the Cities of  Orange Cove.  Fresno and Clovis.  1J-3-24  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY:2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.11: TCAC Educational Opportunity Scores  wative ECentraave  deflersonA  ncolnAvO  DEAVE  Southvo  AvE  bunuoa-Ave  City Limits Schoois Elementary Middle High School 0.50-0.75 0.25-0.50  nanAve ElrfAve  TCAC/HCD Educational Domain Scores (2022) > 0.75 (More Positive Education Outcomes) <.25 (Less Positive Education Outcomes)  Mles  Source: Data downloaded from the HCD AFFH Data Tooll in 2022 based on 2022 TCAC Opportunity. Areas  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-3-25    SECTION 1J-3:LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  Economic Opportunities  As discussed in Chapter 2, employment in Orange Cove is dominated by the "agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining" industry category, with 42.6 percent oft the labor: force employed in this industry (see Table 2-10, Employment by Industry). The Census does not provide disaggregated data within this category, but given that Orange Cove is located in a predominantly agricultural area, it is presumed that most of these jobs are in agriculture. Another 10.5 percent of the City's workforce is employed in "education, health care and social assistance," followed by 10.3 percent in wholesale trade jobs. An estimated 8.5 percent of Orange Cove's labor force was unemployed as of June 2022 (see Figure 2-4, Economic opportunities are depicted by two indices developed by HUD: (1) the jobs proximity index and (2) the labor market engagement index. The job proximity index identifies census tracts based on their proximity to employment opportunities. However, this metric does not consider other factors that may influence access to employment aside from physical commuting distance, such as poor alignment between skill level of nearby jobs and educational attainment or job experience oft the local workforce. The labor market engagement index identifies census tracts by the level ofi intensity ofl labor force participation and the economic value ofworkers' experience and skills int thel local labor market. Together, thej jobs proximity index and labor market engagement index are used to approximate access to economic opportunity for As discussed in Chapter 2, most jobs in Fresno County are located in the city of Fresno (71.2 percent). Commute time data shown in Table 1J-3.4 below indicates that most workers that live in Orange Cove commute more than 15 minutes to work (81.9 percent). Orange Cove residents are more likely to have a commute longer than al half-hour than Fresno County residents (50.5 percent compared to 27.0 percent).  Unemployment Rate), exceeding the countywide unemployment rate of5.8p percent.  Orange Cove residents.  Table 1J-3.4: Travel Time to Work, Orange Cove, Fresno County, 2020  Travel Time to Work Less than 15 Minutes 15to2 29 minutes 30t to 59 minutes 60 or more minutes  Orange Cove  Fresno County  18.0% 31.4% 44.0% 6.5%  26.7% 46.3% 21.7% 5.3%  Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2016-2020 5-Year Estimates  Figure 1J-3.12 presents the job proximity index in Orange Cove. According to this metric, Orange Cove residents live in furthest proximity to employment centers with both census tracts receiving index scores less than 20. This is consistent with countywide job! proximity trends indicating that job proximity declines  moving east from SR99 (see Figure 3-25 Regional Job Proximity Index).  1J-3-26  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.12: Job Proximity Index, Orange Cove, 2022  EREAve  BeeukAvE  EAatdAue  ERAe  BMMERAve EegAve  EGpdaAve Bapamnst BSP @ WS BDSR J57  AdinsAre ESURErANE BohAv  ESnGRAbe  EPERAvE EMaIgANe  PaSALP  ESMdAe    EBCAve  ELETENAV EForAVe  : City Limits, Job Proximity Index (2014-2017) 60-80: 40-60 20-40 <20( (Furthest Proximity) 20229017.02G1506  EllAve  Miles  Source: Data downloaded from the HCD AFFH Data Tool in 2021. Based on 2014-2017 HUD, Jobs Proximity Index  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-3-27    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Environmental Health  As discussed in Chapter 3, jurisdictions in the San Joaquin Valley region have a challenging environmental context as ai major agricultural producer and part ofthe San Joaquin Valley air basin, raising serious air and water quality conçerns. Agricultural production can harm water quality by discharging fertilizer contaminants into the groundwater via runoff. Over time, the region's water supply has contended with a wide range of contaminants, including nitrates, arsenic, and pesticides. Due to geographic, topographic, meteorologic, and environmental conditions, the region' 's air basin has particularchallenges for air quality. Much of Fresno County, particularly the area surrounding the SR 5 and 99 corridors, received higher rankings across indicators of pollution burden in the CalEnviroScreen index: (see Figure 3-25, Regional CalEnviroScreen), primarily related toj pesticide exposure, drinking water contaminants, particulate matter, and ozone. Outside of urbanized areas, many oft the census tracts with higher rankings of pollution burden Figure 1J-3.13 presents local CalEnviroScreen index scores. Both census tracts in Orange Cove received index scores between 80 and 90, reflecting that residents experience greater cumulative environmental impacts relative to at least 80 percent of census tracts. Orange Cove residents experience similar pollution burdens to other agricultural communities in Fresno County with the City's highest rankings of pollution burden related to ozone, particulate matter, pesticide exposure, and drinking water contaminants respectively. Although both census tracts are mostly ranked similarly across most indicators, the northern census tract is ranked much higher for pollution exposure from lead inl housing than the southern census tract (82md percentile compared to61s1 percentile). Both census tracts ranked in at least the 90th percentile across population characteristics' such as poverty, linguistic isolation, and educational attainment, suggesting that these socioeconomic factors  are in or near intensely agricultural areas.  increase the vulnerability ofresidents to cumulative impacts of pollution exposure.  1J-3-28  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.13: CalEnviroScreen 4.0 Results, 2022  EROEAve  EEEEAAVE  EAIRAVE  EUelersaTAve  EMaaAve ESERAVE  EGMGRAVE  AdamsAre ESLmEVANE Soufhave  e  EPedierAa  ManningAve-  Cityl Limits CalEnviroScreen: 4.0 >90- 100 (Highest Scores) >80-90 >70-90 >60-70 >50-60 >40-50 >30-40 >20-30 >10-20 0-10 (Lowest Scores) The results rangef from 0-100and represent thep percentile ranking of the census tract relative to other census tracts in California.  ESprnghrAve  EbmbaAve  ERISTTEAVE ERBENTAVO  ElAe  Miles  Source: Data downloaded from the Office of Environmental, Health and Hazard. Assessment in 2022  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-3-29    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  Transit Mobility  Transit mobility refers to an individual's ability to navigate the city and region on a daily basis to access services, employment, schools, and other resources. Indicators of transit mobility include the extent of transit routes, proximity oftransit stops to affordable housing, and frequency of transit. Orange Cove residents are; primarily served by the Fresno County Rural Transit. Agency (FCRTA) providing fixed-route servicel between Orange Cove, Reedley, Parlier, Sanger, and Fresno on the Orange Cove Intercity Transit Line (see Figure 3-19, Fresno County Rural Transit Agency Intercounty Routes). Buses depart from Los Amigos Market on weekdays at 7:00am and 12:45pm, stopping in Reedley, Parlier, and Sanger before arriving in Fresno after approximately 90 minutes. Return service departs from Fresno at 10:00am and 3:45pm. Service is provided on 30-passenger, ADA wheelchair accessible buses. FCRTA also offers a daily express line on weekdays that departs from Orange Cove at 6:35am and provides return service from Fresno Courthouse Park at 5:15pm. The express line follows the same fixed route with reduced stops in Reedley, Parlier, and Sanger and provides a direct transfer point to the Fresno Area Express, which in turn provide: connections within the metropolitan Fresno area and between Stockton, Bakersfield, and other regional hubs. Monthly passes for general servicel between Orange Cove and Fresno arej priced at $120.00, with discounted fares available for seniors, children, and disabled residents at $100.00 monthly. There are two FCRTA Orange Cove Intercity Transit Line service stops within Orange Cove located at Los. Amigos Market and a bus shelter on Park Blvd. Stops in Reedley, Sanger, and Parlier provide access to community centers and medical services. With daily access to the City of Fresno, FCRTA also provides access to employment opportunities and connections to regional transit services including Amtrak, Greyhound, and] FAX. Orange Cove residents also have access to the Dial-A-Ride program, operated by the local FCRTA subsystem, which offers transportation services to the elderly (65+), disabled, lowi income, and general public. Dial-A- Ride services are wheelchair equipped and operate Monday through Friday between 7 am and 5:30 pm, AllTransit is ai transit and connectivity analytic tool developed by the Center for Neighborhood Technology for the advancement of equitable communities and urban sustainability. The tool analyzes the transit frequency, routes, and access to determine an overall transit score at the city, county, and regional levels. AllTransit scores geographic regions (e.g., cities, counties, Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs)) on a scale of0 to 10, with 101 being complete transit connectivity. Table 1J-3.5, transit accessibility in Orange Cove relative to other Fresno County, jurisdictions. Orange Cove's score is 1.0, demonstrating "very low" connectivity. Orange Cove's score is comparable to most Fresno County jurisdictions, which are typified by smaller rural and semi-rural communities. However, as described in Chapter 3, the AllTransit methodology may not fully reflect the transit opportunities available through private service providers. Among Fresno County jurisdictions, the City of Fresno represents an outlier both in terms of population  with fares priced $1.00 one-way or $2.00 round trip.  size, degree ofurbanization, and transit accessibility.  1J-3-30  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Table 1J-3.5: Fresno County Jurisdictions AllTransit Performance Scores  Jurisdiction  Score  City ofFresno Fresno County Reedley Fowler Huron Clovis Coalinga Parlier Firebaugh Orange Cove Mendota Sanger Selma Kingsburg Kerman San. Joaquin Source: AlTransitcnt.org, 2022  5.0 3.2 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.0  Housing Mobility and Disproportionate Housing Need  Housing mobility refers to an individual's or household's ability to secure affordable housing in areas of high opportunity, move between neighborhoods, and purchase a home if they sO choose. Indicators of housing mobility include distribution of Housing Choice Vouchers (HCVs), availability of rental and  ownership opportunities throughout thej jurisdiction, and vacancy rates.  Housing Supply  According to 2016-2020 ACS estimates, there are approximately 2,823 housing units in Orange Cove, representing a 26.5 percent increase from 2010: and 59.8 percent increase from 2000. to1 most Fresno County jurisdictions, single-family units are the predominant housing type in Orange Cove, comprising approximately 50.8 percent of the City's housing stock (see Table 1J-3.6 below). Nearly 40 percent of Orange Cove's housing units are multi-family units, representing a relatively large share of the City's  housing stock compared to other. jurisdictions in Fresno County.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-3-31    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Table 1J-3.6: Housing Stock Profile, Orange Cove, 2020  Housing Unit Type  Number of Units  Percent of Housing Units  Single Family Duplex Multifamily Mobile Home Total  1435 258 1117 13 2823  50.8% 9.1% 39.6% 0.5%  Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2016-2022), Table B25024  Housing Tenure  Homeownership is the largest asset of most households in the U.S. and, for many low-income households, provides an opportunity for future generations to attain homeownership by increasing the family's wealth. One of the most prevalent consequences of residential segregation is the intergenerational inaccessibility ofhomcownership. Orange Cove has low rates ofhomeownership relative to Fresno County and the State, with 38.4 percent of housing units occupied by homeowners compared to 53.7 percent in Fresno County Disparities in homeownership rates by race/ethnicity reflect historical federal, state, and local policies that limitedaccessi tol homeownership for communities ofcolor andt the resulting generational wealth gap. Native American and non-Hispanic White residents experience the highest rates of homeownership in Orange Cove (see Figure 1J-3.14). As noted below, homeownership data for Hispanic/Latino residents was not available disaggregated from race. According to ACS estimates, approximately 60.7 percent of Hispanic/Latino residents of any race are renters, while 39.3 percent are homeowners. Community workshop participants noted that many Orange Cove residents struggle to qualify for housing opportunities because they lack sufficient documentation or qualifying monthly incomes (see "Outreach.")  and 55.3 percent statewide.  1J-3-32  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.14: Housing Tenure by Race, Orange Cove, 2022  100.0%  75.0%  55.2%  65.6%  81.3%  50.0%  100.0%  100.0%  100.0%  25.0%  44.8%6  34:4%  18.7% Races Householder  0.0%  0.0%  0.0% Islander Alone  White Alone Non- Black Or African American Indian Native Hawaiian Some Other Race Two Or More Hispanic American. Alone And Alaska Native And Other Pacific Alone  Alone  - Owner-Occupied. Renter-Occupied  Note: Homeownership data by race was noto disaggregated for Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, exceptf fornon-Hispanic White.  Census estimated. there are no Asian residents in Orange Cove. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 5-Year Estimates (2016-2022), Table B25003  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2 2024  1J-3-33    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL. ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  Vacancy Rates  Approximately 5.3 percent ofa all housing units in Orange Cove are vacant, which is lower than the Fresno County vacancy rate of7.0 percent. The vacancy rate, calculated from ACS data, includes housing that is available for sale or rent, housing that has been rented or sold but not yet occupied, seasonal housing, and other vacant units. Figure IJ-3.15 presents the total number of vacant units in Orange Cove by unit type.  Figure 1J-3.15: Vacant Housing Units by Type, Orange Cove, 2020  11%  For Rent Rented, Not Occupied For Sale Only  Other Vacant  16%  55%  18%  Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 16-20 (5-year Estimates), Table B25004  Housing Choice Voucher Usage  Housing Choice Vouchers (HCVs), or Section 8 vouchers, can show patterns of concentration and integration tol helpi inform needed actions. In Fresno County, vouchers are allocated by the Fresno Housing Authority to residents throughout the county. Participants can use their voucher to: find the housing unit of their choice that meets health and safety standards established by the local housing authority. In Fresno County, HCV use is most concentrated within the City of Fresno with nearly 52 percent of households in tracts along SR 41 (1,800 HCVS in four tracts) and a concentration of areas with rates between 15 and 30 percent ofh households in the central portion of the city and along the SR 99 corridor. Generally, the higher rates of HCV use also tend to correspond to, or are adjacent to, census tracts where public housing or By comparison, Orange Cove has more modest rates ofH HCV usage as shown inl Figure 1J-3.16. Locally, the southern census tract reports slightly higher rates ofHCV usage among renter-occupied housing units than the northern census tract (5.3 percent compared to 3.1 percent). This also corresponds to the subsidizing housing locations, most of which are located in the southern census tract within Orange Cove city limits. According to data from thel Fresno Housing Authority, there are 651 HCVS in use within the City as of August 2023. The Housing Element includes Program 20 to seek grant funding to expand outreach  subsidized housing is located.  and education on HCV usage in the City.  1J-3-34  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.16: Housing Choice Vouchers and Subsidized Housing, Orange Cove, 2022  LEvbwadve  EGentral-Ave  E-Jefferson-Ave-  EPRAve BGpAve  BCRAve Ber BSg MSB  AdmsAve ESEEFAD ScufhAe  mnerAve  E-Parlier-Ave- E-Manning-Ave-  PATMAO  SpdAve  EDUDEANO  City Limits Housing Choice) Voucher (HCV) Usage Subsidized Housing Locations Percentage ofF Renter-Occupied Units using HCV > 80% 60%380% 40%-60% 20%-40% <20%  EHuntsmanAve-  BEAve  Mlles  Source: Data downloaded: from HCD/ AFFH Data and Mapping Tool in 2023, based on HUD data  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-3-35    SECTION 1J-3:LOCAL: ASSESSMENT OFI FAIR HOUSING Disproportionate Housing Needs  Disproportionate housing needs generally refer to a condition in which there are significant disparities in the proportion ofi members ofaj protected class experiencing a category of! housing need when compared to the proportion of members ofa any other relevant groups, ort the total population experiencing that category of housing needs in the applicable geographic area. The Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) developed by the Census for HUD provides detailedi information on housing needs by income level for different types of households in Fresno County. Housing problems considered by CHAS include: Housing cost burden, including utilities, exceeding 30 percent of gross income; Severe housing cost burden, including utilities, exceeding 50 percent of gross income; Overcrowded conditions (housing units with more than one person per room); and Units with physical defects (lacking complete kitchen or bathroom).  Severe housing problems are defined as households with at least one of four housing problems: overcrowding, high housing costs, lack ofl kitchen facilities, or lack of plumbing facilities.  Overcrowding  Overcrowding of residential units, in which there is more than one person per room, can be a potential indicator that households are experiencing economic hardship and are struggling to afford housing. However, it can also reflect cultural differences, as some cultures are more likely to live in larger, Overall, overcrowding occurs in Orange Cove at roughly two and al half times the rate of overcrowding in Fresno County, with 15.2 percent of households overcrowded, compared to Fresno County as a whole, where 6.2 percent ofhouseholds are overcrowded. This is one ofthel highest rates ofovercrowding in Fresno County, exceeded only by the cities of Mendota, San Joaquin, and Huron. Orange Cove households also experience severe overcrowding (41 percent of households) ata a slightly higher rate than Fresno County asa Consistent with county trends describedi in Chapter 2, renter households in Orange Cove: are muchi morel likely to experience overcrowded conditions than homeowner households; 13.4 percent ofrenter households livei in overcrowded conditions compared to 7.6 percent of owner households. Severe overcrowding is also much more common in renter households than owner households, with 5.6 percent of renter households experiencing severe overcrowding compared to 1.5j percent ofowner households (see Table2-21).  multigenerational households.  whole (3.61 percent).  1J-3-36  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2 2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  As Orange Cove occupies only portions of two census tracts, it is not possible to identify geographic patterns of overcrowding (see Figure 1J-3.17). Given the high rates of overcrowding, it is likely that residents experiencing overcrowding are located throughout the city. As discussed in Chapter 3, farmworkers are especially likely to live in overcrowded housing situations, as they often need toj pool the incomes of multiple workers to afford market-rate rents when there is a lack: of available, affordable housing. As the agriculture industry is the predominant employment: sector in Orange Cove, this may bea  significant driver oft the City's high rates of overcrowding relative to Fresno County.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-3-37    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Figure 1J-3.17: Overcrowded Households, Orange Cove, 2021  E-lowave  E-Central-Aver  EJefferson-Ave  EupcahAve EGptoaAve  ElaAve BS! 3  AdAmsAru ESDMEFANO SOhAvg  ESumnecAvg-  SopS8  E-Parlier-Ave- E-Manning-Ave-  EareAve  SpriagheldAve  EEaDEAvo  EHuntsmanAve- loral-Ave  City! Limits Percent of Overcrowded Households > 20% E35 15%-20% 12%-15% 8.3%-12% <8.2% (Statewide Average)  Miles  Source: Data downloaded from HCD AFFH Data and Mapping Tool in 2022  1J-3-38  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Overpayment  As described in Chapter 2, housing overpayment or cost burden is defined as households paying more than 30 percent of their gross income on housing related expenses, including rent or mortgage payments and utilities. Inl Fresno County, a four-person! household earning $62,300 is considered: a low-income household. Al household at this income level can afford to pay about $1,558 in monthly housing costs. Generally, housing costs in Orange Cove are lower than Fresno County or the state as a whole. According to2015-2020. ACS estimates, the median monthly housing cost for homeowners. in Orange Cove was $952 per month, compared to $1,318 per month in] Fresno County and $1,851 statewide. The median gross rent in Orange Cove of $753 per month was also well below rents countywide ($1,029) or statewide (S1,586) in 2020. As such, housing costs in the City remain within reach for many. low-income households. However, al large proportion of households in Orange Cove are very low- and extremely low-income, resulting in Among Fresno Countyjurisdictions, Orange Cove has the highest rate of housing cost burden, with 53.9 percent of all households overpaying for households (see Table 2-20, Overpayment by Tenure). By comparison, 37.8 percent of households countywide overpay for housing. In Fresno County, housing cost burden is most common among lower-income households with 70.6 percent of lower-income households overpaying for housing. Lower-income households overpay for housing in Orange Cove at slightly lower rates than lower-income households countywide (65.7 percent compared to 70.6 percent); however, there isa concentration of assisted housing units in Orange Cove suggesting that there may be a proportionally Consistent with countywide trends, Orange Cove renters overpay for housing at higher rates than homeowners and are more likely to experience severe overpayment, where more than 50 percent of gross income is spent onl housing costs. As shown in' Table -3.7approximately 35 percent ofrenter households overpay for housing compared to 27 percent of owner-occupied households. Among lower-income households, housing cost burden is roughly equivalent between renters and homeowners in cases where cost burden is greater than 30 percent. However, lower-income renters are significantly more likely to severely overpay for housing with 37 percent of lower-income renters experiencing severe cost burden (greater than 50 percent) compared to only 9.4 percent of lower-income homeowners. There are no moderate income or above moderate income renter households estimated to be overpaying for housing, suggesting that rent prices in Orange Cove remain affordable to these income brackets. There are approximately 20 above-moderate income households estimated to be paying moret than 30 percent oftheir household income on housing; however, none are estimated tol be severely cost-burdened.  higher rates of cost burden despite relatively lower rents.  larger supply of1 housing units affordable to lower-incomes.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024  1J-3-39    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Table 1J-3.7: Housing Cost Burden by Income and' Tenure, Orange Cove, 2015-2019  Tenure  Percent of Households Overpaying  Percent of Households Severely Overpaying  Lower-Income (>80% HAMFI) Moderate Income (80-100% HAMFI) Above Moderate Income (>100% HAMFI) AIlI Households  Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner  36.7% 35.9% 0% 0% 0% 8% 35.0% 27.3%  37.0% 9.4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 35.3% 6.6%  Source: HUD CHAS 2015-2019  Figure 1J-3.18 shows overpayment and median rent among Orange Cove households over time. Between 1980 and 2010, housing cost burden increased steadily for both renters and homeowners, although renters consistently experienced higher rates of overpayment than homeowners over. time. By 2020, overpayment among renters spiked by approximately 131 percent while the rate ofhomeowner overpayment declined by 42 percent. Although median gross rent did increase substantially over the entire time period, the rate of increase between 2010 and 2020 was modest (12.56 percent) relative to years prior to 2010. This is substantiated by Figure 1J-3.19, which compares overpayment among renters by census tract in Orange Cove in 2014 and 2019. Figure 1J-3.20 presents overpayment rates for homeowners over the same period. In 2014, renters inl households north oft thei railroad experienced higher rates of overpayment (between 60 percent and 80 perçent) than renters south of the railroad (between 40 and 60 percent). In 2019, overpayment: rates among renters increasedi throughout the city.. As described above, homeowners experienced lower rates of overpayment overt time (seel Figure 1J-3.20). Over time, homeowners north ofther railroad. have experienced: increased rates of overpayment, while overpayment declined south of the railroad. As discussed previously, iti isi important to note that the data may bes skewed by households captured within the boundaries In order to reduce existing displacement risk, the City has dentified Program 20 to work with the Housing Authority to expand outreach and education on thel Housing Choice Voucher program and Program 19 to  ofthe census tracts that are located within the unincorporated area outside the City.  seek funding to support ai first-time homebuyer program.  1J-3-40  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.18: Overpayment and Median Rent, Orange Cove, 1980-2020  12007 1000 800 600: 400 $204 200 101 58 1980  1044  $753  5669 451 387  Renters Homeowners Median Gross Rent  5486 343 170 2000 Year  $355 251 80 1990  224  2010:  2020  Source: U.S. Census STF3 1980, 1990, 2000; ACS06-10, 16-20 (5-Year Estimates)  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024  1J-3-41    -  P 0220 aM  BMcatao  aoMp  amin Ma a Rt3 aNag  eAAO  Pmiro      0  rn  in  AKICAU  AE9 BAshrs    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING Substandard Housing Conditions  As discussed in Chapter 3, agingl housing stock combined with housing cost burden can create: ai fair housing issue where residents who cannot afford to keep up with repairs or maintenance are forced to live in substandard housing conditions. Approximately 50 percent of Orange Cove's housing units are over 30 years old, and 25.3 percent are older than 50 years old (see Table 2-19). Although the City'sl housing stock skews neweri than Fresno County as a whole, significantly higher rates of poverty in Orange Cove suggest that many residents are likely to struggle with the financiall burden of more frequent maintenance and repair The prevalence of incomplete plumbing or kitchen facilities can also be used to measure substandard housing conditions. However, the 2016-2020. ACS estimated that there are no units, either renter or owner- The City has conducted three Housing Condition Surveys, with the most recent survey completed in 2015. Surveys included visual assessments of the exterior conditions ofhousing units throughout Orange Cove. Parcels were assigned ai rating of1 to 4, with 3 indicating a deteriorated uniti ini need of rehabilitation and 4 indicating a dilapidated unit ini need of demolition. The surveys identified a total of168 deteriorated homes with rehabilitation needs and 18 dilapidated dwellings that should be demolished. Generally, rehabilitation and demolition needs are evenly distributed throughout the City. However, a small concentration of deteriorated or dilapidated units were identified south of Park. Avenue at the time oft the survey. A review of more recent aerial imagery (2024) shows that a number of these buildings identified as deteriorated or dilapidated have since been demolished and the vacant sites are now listed in the City's sites inventory. For the buildings still in need of rehabilitation or emolntionreplacement, property owners and residents willl likely require financial assistance tol bring thel buildings in compliance with: safel building and habitation standards. Tol help address these housing maintenance andi repair needs, the City participates in the Fresno County Housing Assistance Rehabilitation Program (HARP) which provides loans to qualifying homeowners for home improvements (Program 16) and the Fresno County Rental Rehabilitation Program (RRP) which provides no-interest! loans to qualifying property owners to make improvements to their rental  needs associated with aging housing units.  occupied, that lack complete plumbing or kitchen facilities.  properties (Program 17). Homelessness  In January 2022, the Fresno-Madera Continuum of Care (FMCoC) published its Homeless Census and Survey Report (Point-in-Time [PITI) count, which estimated 3,938 persons experiencing homelessness in Fresno County. Of that number, 1,728 persons were sheltered homeless and 2,210 were unsheltered homeless (Table 2-35, Total Unsheltered and Sheltered Homeless Count: Fresno County (2022). in the Housing Needs Assessment). Oft this population, 3,397 individuals were counted ini the City of Fresno and the remaining 541 in the remainder of the county. As shown in' Table 2-36, FMCoC estimates that there  are approximately four individuals experiencing homelessness: in Orange Cove.  1J-3-44  FRESNO MULTINURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI IJULY2024    APPENDIX: 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  The 2022 PIT findings also show that approximately 80 percent of people experiencing homelessness in thel Fresno and) Maderai region weres single adults, 61 percent were parents, and 11 percent were their children. The remaining 41 percent lived in families that included two or more adults but no children. Approximately 60 percent of people experiencing homelessness were: male; nearly halfofthe region'su unhoused identified as Hispanic/Latino; 19 percent identified as having a serious mental illness; 15 percent identified as survivors of domestic violence; and 5 percent were identified as veterans. About 25 percent of people experiencing homelessness were "chronically homeless" or have experienced homelessness for at least 12 Program 21 has been included to support regional efforts to identify needs and target resources to people  out ofthe last 361 months. experiencing homelessness. Farmworkers  As discussed in the Regional Assessment of Fair Housing, tarmworkers are considered a special needs group because they traditionally earn low wages and often migrate between farms, resulting in many farmworkers livingi in overcrowded. and substandard housing conditions. Although Fresno County'soverall economy has historically been and continues tol bel largely based on agriculture, the number offrmworkers living in each oft the jurisdictions ini the county in more: recent years varies depending on location, size, and diversification of their individual economic base. Further, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the industry started shifting toward recruiting and employing H-2A visa workers, many of whom are from Mexico and Central America. Farmworkers are essential tol Fresno County's and Orange Cove's economies as well as to local and national food supplies, and their needs for safe and affordable housing resources must be The 2017 Census of Agriculture identifies 89 farm operations within the 93646: zip code, which includes Orange Cove and unincorporated land, extending to the east into Tulare County. There are also 306 farm operations west of Orange Cove in the adjacent 93654 zip code, which includes the city ofReedley. While most oft the farm operations int these zip codes are outside Orange Cove city limits, iti is likely that many of these farms, particularly those close to Orange Cove, employ farmworkers that reside or use resources in As discussed in* "Access to Opportunity,  the Census estimates that 42.6p percent oft the labor force in Orange Cove is employed in agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining, representing one oft thel highest proportions amongjurisdictions in Fresno County (see Table 2-39). The data allows comparisons between jurisdictions and within Orange Cove to gauge segments of the population at risk of overpayment,  addressed.  the city.  overcrowding, substandard housing conditions, or displacement.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-3-45    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Between September 2021 and January 2022, Fresno County conducted a Farmworker Survey and a Farmworker. Employer Survey. A second: round of each survey was conducted between February 2022 and July 2022. Int total, the County surveyed 2401 farmworkers and 1701 farm employers throughout the county. There was only 1 respondent to the Survey who lived in Orange Cove and reported being a U.S. citizen. Countywide, 37 percent of respondents reported being citizens, 38.2 percent reported being permanent residents, 16 percent identified their status as undocumented workers, 6.3 percent did not respond, and 1.3 Based on the most recent (2022) farmworker employment figures collected by the California Employment Development Department (EDD), there are 96,300 farmworkers employed throughout the county, yet housing facilities for only 2,540 occupants were contracted by H2-A employers and farm operators, according to the HCD Employee Housing Facilities Permit Services database. Although this is equivalent to only about 2.6 percent of tarmworker employment countywide, it is important because H2-A workers must be provided with housing accommodations. The seasonal and often migrant nature of farm labor, and accounting for undocumented workers, suggest that this data likely underrepresents the actual farmworker population, because undocumented residents do not often participate in traditional data collection. Thel Phase 1 COVID Farmworker Survey Report by the California Institute for Rural Studies, published in February 2021, estimates that undocumented workers comprise approximately 50 percent of workers statewide. They are predominantly Mexican, and the majority are Mixteco and Trique indigenous non- Spanish-speaking people. According to "In the Valley of Fear," published in December 2018 on onangmmgrants.com, most of the farmworkers in the San. Joaquin Valley have been working the fields The Fresno: County Farmworker survey found that 99.6 percent of farmworkers surveyed countywide are Hispanic/Latino and 81.7 percent of respondents reported an income below $2,500 per month. This corresponds to an extremely low-income household off four. As described previously, thei median household income in Orange Cove is $25,587, 44.9 percent of residents live below the poverty threshold, and 94.9 percent of residents are Hispanic/Latino. Although only one survey respondent reported living in Orange Cove, many of the City's lower-income residents are employed in the farming sector as farmworkers, The HCD Employee Housing Facilities Permit Services database reports that there are no dedicated employee. housing units int the city. The nearest H-2A visa housing facility is located in the CityofReedley and houses seven residents. With the high proportion of persons engaged in agriculture in Orange Cove, the lack of mployee/ammworker housing facilities suggests that the farmworkers residing in the city may  percent. had H-2A visa status.  for at least a decade and have established families in the vicinity of their workplace.  packhouse workers, truck drivers, and other jobs supporting regional agriculture.  have difficulty finding affordable, appropriately sized housing.  1J-3-46  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Duet to the shortage off farmworker housing units in Orange Cove, many farmworkers likely pay market rate fort their housing or find other options, such as sleeping in vehicles or garages. Farmworkers that are citizens andj permanent residents may have access to1 thei federally or locally assisted affordable multifamily housing opportunities in Orange Cove, although they must compete with other lower-income houscholds for the limited number oft units. There are 828a affordable HUD, USDA, state, or locally assisted affordable housing units in the city, and 70 HCVS were being used for rental units.? 2 For undocumented workers, options are morel limited, and a large portiono offarmworkers, even permanent residents, may live in spaçes noti intended for human habitation, such as shacks, outbuildings and sheds, or converted garages, potentially in severely overcrowded conditions. Participants in the community workshop expressed that farmworkers living in market-rate housing are especially vulnerable to displacement due to rising housing costs and unstable employment, which have both been exacerbated by economic and health impacts of Covid-19 pandemic, Citizens, noncitizens with permanent status, and H-2A visa workers are eligible forj public housing, HCVS, USDArural rental assistance, and Section 8j project-based rental assistance. Section 214 oft thel Housing and Community Development Act of 1980, as amended, makes certain categories of noncitizens eligible for assistance, including most categories of immigrants, but excludes unauthorized immigrants (e.g., undocumented) and those in temporary status (e.g., tourists and students). Section 214 applies to specific programs, primarily federal rental assistance programs administered by HUD and the USDA, including Public Housing, Housing Choice Voucher, Section 8 project-based rental assistance programs, and rural Undocumented residents are subject to eligibility requirements based on whether Section 214-covered programs are administered by HUD or USDA, which implement different regulatory treatment for mixed- status households depending on householder status. ForHUD: Section 2141 projects, an ineligible noncitizen may reside with family members who are eligible to qualify for affordable housing (such as an undocumented single parent with U.S. citizen children or an undocumented worker married to an eligible householder), although Section 8 benefits are prorated depending on the number of undocumented household members. For USDA Section 214 projects, an undocumented householder would not be eligible top participate in the Housing Choice Voucher program, and therefore would not qualify to. live in any oft the USDA-assisted affordable multifamily housing complexes. However,a: family with an eligible householder that includes undocumented household members (such as a U.S. citizen householder married to an undocumented worker) would qualify to reside in these properties and receive full HCV benefits. This Pphaimafasisaneinalpls households is considered underserved and at higherrisko ofoverpayment, overcrowding, and displacement compounded by thel legal complexities of eligibility andl language barriers.  rental assistance.  2HCV usage is based on data for census tracts 64.01 and 65.01 including Orange Cove and unincorporated area (See  Figure 1J-3.1)  FRESNO MULTIJURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024  1J-3-47    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  The Farmworker Survey found that most respondents indicated a preference for single-family units and aspire to homeownership. Very few respondents (0.02 percent) indicated that they would prefer to live in farmworker housing. The average household size among surveyed farmworkers was 3.9 persons, comparable to the average household size in Orange Cove of3.8 persons. Approximately 58.4 percent of A majority of the City's households are renter-occupied (61 percent). Roughly a quarter of the City's housing supply (25.71 percent)i is deedi restricted or subsidized as affordable units. Although home sale prices in Orange Cove are low enough to be within reach for many low- and moderate-income households (see Section 1J-2, "Affordability Analysis of Market-Rate Homes), homeownership is still out oft reach for the Single-family units are the predominant housing type in Orange Covè (50.8 percent of all housing units); closely followed by multi-family units (48.7 percent). Mobile homes comprise only 0.5 percent of the housing stock. ACS 2016-2020 estimates indicate that 61.7 percent oft the City's housing stock provide 3 or more bedrooms. As described in Disproportionate Housing Needs," 62 percent of Orange Cove households experience at least one housing problem (i.e., overpayment, overcrowding, and substandard housing). The City has the highest rate of overpayment among Fresno County. jurisdictions and residents live in overcrowded households at two and a half times the countywide rate. CHAS data from 2018 estimates that 94.7 percent of the City's extremely low-income households overpay for housing. Although there is no data available on housing problems among farmworker households specifically, permanent farmworker) households are included in CHAS/ACS estimates. Given thel large percentage oft thel local labor force employed: in agriculture, farmworkers likely comprise a large portion ofe extremely low- and very low- Inr response to the observed need for continued support and housing resources for local farmworkers, the City has included Programs 6 and 7 offer technical support in applications for funding construction of farmworker housing and include a preference for farmworker. households in 15 percent of new units.  survey respondents reported living in overcrowded conditions.  City's very low- and extremely low-income households.  income households experiencing one or more oft thesel housing problems.  Displacement Risk  Displacement occurs when housing costs or neighboring conditions force current residents out and rents become sO high that lower-income people are excluded from moving in. Renter occupancy and high rent burdens are the most common reasons for displacement to occur since renters may not be able to afford to stay in their homes as rents increases. Both home values and rents have increased steadily in the Fresno region since 2010, with sharp accelerations in both starting in 2020 as a result of the economic impacts of the coronavirus pandemic. Following regional trends, the median home sales price in Orange Cove was $304,500 in May 2022, an increase of approximately 153 percent from the 2021 median sales price of  $120,000 (see Table 2-22).  1J-3-48  FRESNO  HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  As discussed in the analyses of Patterns ofl Integration and Segregation, Overcrowding, and Overpayment, Orange Cove residents experience disproportionate patterns of concentrated poverty associated with increased displacement risk. According to the Urban Displacement Project (see Figure 1J-3.21), residents in both census tracts within Orange Cove are at risk of displacement. Further, the City is located within an area of Fresno County identified as "vulnerable" to displacement (see Figure 1J-3.22). A census tract is identified as vulnerable") ifthe proportion of very low-income residents was above 20j percent in 2017 and  the census tracts meet two oft the following criteria:  Share ofi renters greater than 40 percent in 2017; Share of Non-White population greater than 50j percent in 2017; burdened households is greater than county median in 2017; or Nearby areas have been experiencing displacement pressures.  Share of very low-income households (50 percent AMI or below) that are also severely rent  Displacement pressure is defined as:  Aj percent change in rent above the county median for rent increases between 2012 and 2017; or, A difference between census tracti median rent andi median rent for surrounding tracts above median  for all tracts in the county (rent gap) in 2017.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-3-49    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Figure 1J-3.21: Elevated Displacement Risk  Eowarve  ECentral-Ave-  E-Jefferson-Ave-  ElincolhAve E6ytODAVE  EBayICAve  ESumnerAve-  ESUINGTAVE SOUhAVE-  Ave E-Manning-Ave-  EilnubaAve  EHunlsmanAve- Floral-Ave-  City Limits Estimated Displacement Risk Low! Data Quality Lower Displacement Risk AtF Risk of Displacement 1Income Group Displacement 21 Income Groups Displacement  Miles  Source: Data downloaded from the AFFH. Data Viewer. in 2022. Based on data from the Urban Displacement Project  1J-3-50  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Figure 1J-3.22: Vulnerable Communities Designation  EHowave  E-Central-Ave  Eefferson-Ave-  ElmcalnAvo EGyonAve  GlayonAve  AdensAve ESUANCIAVE SOAhAVe  ESurmerAve  arer-Ave ManningiAve-  neft  Springfe DAvE  ElubaAver  EHuntsmen-Ave Floral-Ave-  City Limits Communities! Sensitive to Displacement Vulnerable  Miles  Source: Data downloaded from the AFFH Data Viewer in 2022. Based on data from the Urban Displacement. Project  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-3-51    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Other Relevant Factors  In addition to the indicators analyzed above, there are several other factors that can influence housing mobility and access to opportunity in aj jurisdiction. For example, historic development patterns may have resulted in neighborhoods that are largely or exclusively made up of single-family homes, or historic discrimination may have influenced a city's racial and ethnic composition. Further, given current market trends, newer market rate neighborhoods may. not be financially accessible to lower-income households without overpayment or overcrowding. Other factors may include public and private investment, local regulatory or economic development plans, and historic policies. Those factors that are considered. relevant  vary between jurisdictions and are described at the local level below.  Historic Development Patterns  As described in "Concentrated Areas of Race and Income,"s socioeconomic and development conditions in the City of the Orange Cove are rooted in the settlement patterns and economic development of the San Joaquin Valley region. The extension of the railroad system throughout the Valley provided the essential infrastructure to link the Valley's booming agricultural production to regional and national markets. As such, train station and depots played important roles in the founding and growth of many cities and town In1 1913, a train station, known as the "depot", was built by the. Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway company on what is now Railroad Avenue. Construction oft the depot spurred growth in the surrounding area and in 1914, Elmer Sheridan founded the City of Orange Cove (naming it prior to. the existence of orange groves in the area). Today, the former train station serves as Orange Cove City Hall and Council Chambers. The original railroad line, which is now known as Railroad Avenue, bisects Orange Cove diagonally. Many core community uses such as the Orange Cove Senior Center, Branch Library, as well as There is little recorded history on the development oft the City after its founding. A review ofl historic aerial imagery indicates that by 1956, the City's core character was fairly established with mostly single-family residential development surrounded! by agricultural land alongt the City's periphery. Newj privatei investment slowed in thej post World War2 2 era, as the fundamental economy of the City remained rooted in supporting agriculture in the area. Through the late 1980s, development within the City continued to be mostly lower- density residential on infill sites within the core area established in the 1950s (bounded to the north and Southl by Adams Avenue and South Avenue, and to the east and west by thel Friant-Kern Canal and Anchor Over the last three decades, new development in Orange Cove has mostly occurred at the City's edges. Most new residential development has occurred in the southwestern quadrant, in tandem with public investments that have become community anchors such as Orange Cove High School, the Victor Lopez Community Center, the Julie Lopez Child Development Center, and a small neighborhood commercial  throughout the San Joaquin Valley, including the City of Orange Cove.  the City's central bike trail are sited along this original railway path.  Avenue).  node along Anchor Avenue.  1J-3-52  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT! IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Although a lack of private investment continues to drive the slow pace of the City's growth, the City has been successful in attracting public investment in the form ofs subsidized affordable housing projects over the years (see Table 1J-3.8 below) to help provide housing options to the City's low-income households. Ini fact, most new residential development in the last five years has been in the form of subsidized multi- family housing. There has been very little new single-family development, aside from the Martinez Estates project, which includes 87 new single-family homes. Many of these newer projects include community amenities to support lower-income households such as play equipment, gathering spaces for parties and ducational/lraining opportunities; and solar panels that allow fori reduced household utility bills. Table 1J-3.8: Inventory of Publicly Assisted Housing Developments in Orange Cove  Project Name Kuffel Terrace Kuffel Terrace Annexation Mt. View Apartments Citrus Gardens Orangewood Plaza South Cove Apartments 1995 Orchard Village Pablo Rodriguez Plaza 2000 Zaninovich Village Los Arboles Apts Villa Escondido Amaya Village Martinez Estates  Year Built 1952 1964 1983 1981 1984 1995 2004 2005 2006 2014 Inl Progress  Number of Units  Program Housing Authority Housing Authority Housing Authority Housing Authority LIHTC LIHTC LIHTC LIHTC LIHTC LIHTC LIHTC LIHTC USDA, HCD. Joe Serna Jr. Farmworker Housing grants  20 40 30 30 40 54 188 81 81 81 81 81 87  Source: City of Orange Cove, 2024.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-3-53    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Affordable housing and infrastructure improvements will continue to be a top investment priority for Orange Cove. Given that there is a limited supply ofa available residentially-zoned land, the City is actively facilitating rezone. efforts to make formerly industrial sites within city limits and agricultural sites in new growth areas available for housing (see the Section 1J-2, Sites Inventory section for details on the status of these efforts). The City is also working on significant improvements to Orange Cove's water supply and quality infrastructure to support future residential development in the Howard annexation area and to improve citywide drinking water quality. The City has leveraged $7.9 million in grant funding from the State Department of Water Resources Small Community Drought Relief program to. construct a new municipal groundwater well that will serve as a secondary water source. The well is expected to come online during 2024 depending on quality test and treatment needs. Feedback received as part of Housing Element outreach indicates that deeply affordable housing and continued investment in public amenities and infrastructure are a long-term community priority. The Housing Element includes Program 5 to: identify future opportunities for affordable housing and Program 22 to complete at least four public improvements throughout the City and in areas ofhighest need at least twice in the planning period. These public improvements include but are not limited to, improving broadband internet access; completing street improvements; enhancing streetscapes, sidewalks, and lighting; providing safe routes to schools; completing park improvements; adding community facilities and amenities; and continuing to improve  water supply and quality. Land Use and Zoning Patterns  Decisions regarding land use and zoning have a direct and profound impact on affordable housing and fair housing choice, shaping a community or region's potential diversity, growth, and access to opportunity. Zoning determines where housing can be built, the type of housing that is allowed, and the amount and density ofhousing that can be provided. Zoning also can directly or indirectly affect the cost ofdeveloping In Orange Cove, the Municipal Code divides the City into nine zoning districts, including four single-family residential districts, four multi-family residential districts, and one: mixed-use district. Over time, the City has shifted froma aj preference fors stand-alone residential development to allowing for higher density developments int thel M-U districts (allows up to 301 units per acre) Duplexes, triplexes, and fourplexes are permitted int the R- 2, R-2-A, R-3, and R-3-A, but the R-1 district continues to only permit single-family residential development. Multi-family. zoning districts are scattered throughout the City, with most larger sites zoned R-3. As described previously in "Housing Mobility and Disproportionate Housing Needs," the City's housing stock profile is primarily single-family homes (50.8 percent) with approximately 48.7 percent of units in multi-family housing with two or more units. Despite rising rents and home sale prices, market-rate single- family homes in Orange Cove remain generally affordable to moderat-income and some low-income households, based on an analysis of recent home sales in 2022 (see Table 1J-2.2). However, iti is important to note that despite the relative affordability ofl home sales prices, many households are very-low income  housing, making it harder or easier to accommodate affordable housing.  and would not be able to afford toj purchase al home in Orange Cove.  1J-3-54  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Enforcement and Outreach Capacity Compliance with Fair Housing Laws  Ina addition to assessing demographic characteristics asi indicators of fair housing, jurisdictions musti identify how they currently comply with fair housing laws or identify programs to become in compliance. The City of Orange Cove enforces fair housing and complies with fair housing laws and regulations through a twofold process: review of local policies and codes for compliance with state law, and referral of fair housing complaints to appropriate agencies. The following identify how the City complies with the  following fair housing laws:  Density Bonus Law (Government Code Section 65915). The City has adopted current state density bonus law requirements by reference, and is in compliance with state density bonus law. No-Net-Loss (Government Code Section 65863). The City has identified a surplus of sites available to meet the Regional Housing Needs Assessment allocation. Ini total, the City's surplus unit capacity is 537 units, composed of1 163 lower-income units, 151 moderate-income units, and Housing Accountability Act (HAA) (Government Code Section 65589.5). The City does not condition the approval of housing development projects for very low- low-, or moderate-income households or emergency: shelters unless specified written findings are made. The City currently allows emergency shelters by-right, without limitations, in the M-1 zoning district. The City has included Program 12 to amend the emergency shelter ordinance to allow emergency shelters by-right in a residential zone and establish objective development: standards, in compliance with statel law. Senate Bill 35 (Government Code Section 65913.4). The City will comply with SB 35 (Government Code Section 65913.4) by establishing a written policy or procedure, as well as other guidance as appropriate, to streamline the approval process and standards for eligible projects by Senate Bill 330 (Government Code Section 65589.5). The City has not developed a preliminary application review process consistent with SB330. The City has included Program 13 to develop and formalize this process for eligible housing projects by establishing a written procedure to be California Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA) and Federal Fair Housing Act. The City complies by contracting with FHANC to provide legal assistance to residents, counseling for landlords and tenants, regular audits and investigations of discrimination, and other services to enforce fair housing in the city and implementing the Neighborhood Law Program to eliminate Review Processes (Government Code Section 65008). The City reviews affordable development projects ini the same manner: asi market-rate developments, except in cases where affordable! housing projects are eligible for preferential treatment including, but not limited to, on residential sites  223 above moderate-income units.  September 2023 (Program 13).  made available on the City's website and at public counters.  blight and nuisance conditions throughout the city.  subject to. Assembly Bill (AB) 1397.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY:2024  1J-3-55    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  Assembly Bill 686 (Government Code Section 8899.50). The City has completed this, Assessment ofl Fair Housing andi identified programs to address identified fair housing issues in Table 1J-3.10, Equal Access (Government Code Section 11135 et seq.). The City provides translation services for all public meetings and materials and offers accessibility accommodations to. ensure equal access to all programs and activities operated, administered, or funded with financial assistance from the state, regardless of membership or perceived membership in a protected class.  Factors Contributing to Fair Housing Issues.  1J-3-56  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Fair Housing Outreach  Regional outreach efforts for thel Multi-urisdictional Housing Element included interviewing Fair Housing of Central California (FHCC) for feedback on housing need, fair housing concerns, and opportunities to affirmatively further fair housing throughout the county. FHCC is a non-profit, civil rights organization dedicated to the elimination of discrimination in housing and the expansion ofhousing opportunities for all persons. They accomplish this through advocacy, assistance: for victims of discrimination, and enforcement In response to the request for input, FHCC noted that the most common fair housing issues reported throughout Fresno County are discrimination on the bases of disability and race. Further, they expressed concern about the aging multifamily housing stock becoming uninhabitable due to physical conditions. However, given the shortage of affordable housing in the region, FHCC noted that many. units that have already physically deteriorated are still occupied, posing a risk to occupants. Discrimination by landlords or agents as well as deliberate segregation has resulted ini fair housing concerns, particularly for protected and special needs populations, such as persons with disabilities and lower-income households. FHCC emphasized aneed for more government involvement in enforcement ofi fair housing laws. Currently, affordable housing options are often concentrated in specific neighborhoods. When developers are encouraged to continue to build affordable units ini these areas asar result ofzoning or other government regulations, this results in either intentional or unintentional segregation based on income. When asked about opportunities for local governments to actively improve outreach regarding fair housing and to combat existing issues, FHCC identified several opportunities including local rent controls toi manage affordability and reduce displacement risk, code enforcement to ensure a safe and habitable housing stock, funding fair housing groups such as FHCC to enforce fair housing laws, and adjusting regulations or encouraging development ofa variety ofunit In response to the feedback received, the City has included Program 21 to improve fair housing outreach capacity and multilingual accessibility to all public resources, information, and meetings, including fair housing resources. This program also includes steps to establish a procedure to connect residents with fair housing organizations, make information readily available and accessible on the City's website andi inj public buildings, and conduct biannual trainings for landlords on fair housing laws, rights, and responsibilities.  of fair housing laws.  types and sizes throughout thej jurisdiction to promote mobility and integration.  Discrimination Cases  In their 2020 Annual Report, the California Civil Rights Department (previously Department of Fair Employment and Housing) reported that they received nine housing complaints from residents of Fresno Countyapproximately 1.0 percent oft the total number of housing cases in the state that year (880). As part oft the Fair Housing Assistance Program (FHAP), the Civil Rights Department also dual-files fair housing  cases with HUD's Region IXI FHEO, which are: reported by the origin oft the issue.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-3-57    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  HUD FHEO reported that there was one case filed by ai resident oft the City of Orange Cove between. January 2013 andl November: 2022. The case didi noti identify as specific allegationo ofdiscrimination: against a certain class. There were no other inquiries made within the time period. While there were very few: formal cases in Orange Cove, this does not necessarily mean that therei is no discrimination. In some cases, residents may be hesitant to report discrimination, such asi int the case ofundocumented. residents that fear retaliation, or may not be: aware of fair housing legal assistance available to them. The City has identified Program 21 to ensure residents and housing providers are aware of fair housing laws, rights, and requirements as well as resources available to residents should they experience discrimination. Further, the City will work with local and regional fair housing providers toi facilitate training for housing providers toj prevent discriminatory actions and behaviors.  Sites Analysis  State housing element law, Government Code Section 65583(c)(10); requires that the sites inventory (see Chapter 5) be analyzed with respect to AFFH. A primary goal oft the assessment is to ensure available sites forl lower-income housing are located equitably with fair access to opportunities and resources. By comparing units inventoried in approved projects and on vacant and underutilized sites to the fair housing indicators in this assessment, this section analyzes whether the sites included in the Housing Element sites inventory improve or exacerbate fair housing conditions, patterns of segregation, and access to opportunity throughout The City has a total Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) of 469 units, which includes 115 lower, 86 moderate-, 268 above moderate-income housing units. Based on the assumptions and methodology applied in the sites inventory analysis (see Section 1J-2), the City has identified capacity for 706 units within thej planning period with sufficient capacity to meet the City'sl RHNA at alli income levels. As shown in Figure 1J-2.1 (Sites Inventory), sites and projects that will count toward the 6th Cycle RHNA are relatively well-distributed across the city, with proximate access to downtown amenities. Although all of the sites with identified capacity forl lower-income housing are Iocated in one ofthe City's two census tracts (65.01), this is primarily driven by al lack ofs suitable yacant land in the northeast quadrant of the city (coinciding with the boundaries of census tract with 65.02). As described in the "Historic Development Patterns" subsection above, most oft the City's growth in recent decades has occurred in the southwest quadrant ofthe city, including the construction ofOrange Covel High School, community centers, and an emerging neighborhood commercial node along Anchor Avenue. The City expects residential demand to continue to be focused here in the near-term based on these development trends and community investments. However, the City has identified future opportunities to balance residential growth in the northern census tract and is actively working with LAFCO to complete the Howard annexation, which  the City.  includes 5 acres oft the land zoned for high-density: residential development.  1J-3-58  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  As shown throughout this Assessment of Fair Housing section, the socioeconomic conditions throughout the city are fairly uniform. Orange Cove is predominantly non-White with a significantly lower median household income thani thel Fresno County average. Although market-rate housing in Orange Covei is within reach ofs some low-income households, stagnant growth over the last decade coupled with statewide trends of rising costs of living have severely limited housing mobility in the city. Building affordable housing anywhere in the city will help alleviate fair housing conditions by expanding opportunity and the ability to secure affordable housing within city limits, reducing the overall risk of displacement. Furthermore, given the city's small size and lack of distinct neighborhoods, thes specific location ofsites for housing will notl have ameaningful impact on patterns of segregation; patterns will likely remain consistent (see" Table 1J-3.9).  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-3-59    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIRI HOUSING  Table 1J-3.9: Distribution of Housing Capacity and Fair Housing Indicators  Census Tract Lower-Income Units  65.01 232 112 296 91% Hispanic/Latino Hispanic/Latino $50,000-$87,100 $50,000-$87,100 20-40% 10-20% Low <20 >80-90 >20% 60-80% 20-40% Yes  65.02 0 40 26 9% 20-40% 10-20% <20 >80-90 >20% 60-80% 20-40%  Housing Unit Capacity  (Vacant and Underutilized Moderate-Income Units Sites + Approved Projects) Above Moderate-Income Units Integration and Segregation Predominant Race or Ethnicity  Percent ofTotal Housing Unit Capacity Median Income Children in Female-Headed Households Disability Rate TCAC Opportunity Designation Jobs Proximity Index CalEnviroScreen Score Homeowner Overpayment UDPI Displacement Risk  Indicators Access to Opportunity  Low  Disproportionate Housing Overcrowded Households Needs/Displacement Risk Renter Overpayment  Yes  Source: City of Orange Cove and Ascent, 2024. Datai fort fair housing indicators downloaded: from HCD/ AFFHL Data and.  Mapping Tool in 2021 and adapted by Ascent; based on data from ACS.  1J-3-60  FRESNO  HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY:2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Contributing Factors  Through discussions with stakeholders, fair housing adyocates, and this assessment of fair housing issues, the City identified factors that contribute to fair housing issues, as shown in Table 1J-3.10, Factors  Contributing to Fair Housing Issues.  Table 1J-3.10: Factors Contributing to Fair Housing Issues  Identified Fair Housing Issue environmental conditions Low access to opportunity  Contributing Factor  Priority Low High  Meaningful Action Evaluate transitional buffers between residential and agricultural uses (Program 22) Work with FCRTA to disseminate information and advertise available transit programs and services (Program 22) Pursue grant funding to complete at least 41 public infrastructure improvements and economic development projects (Program 22) Identify barriers to school performance and assist in providing incentives for teacher retention (Program 22) Incentivize development of affordable housing (Program 5). Encourage construction of ADUS (Program 10). Promote the availability of the Homeowners Down Payment Assistance Program (Program 19) Increase outreach and education on HCVs (Program 20) affordable housing (Program 5) Establish preference for farmworker households in  Exposure to adverse Proximity to commercial agricultural  operations Regional air quality conditions Groundwater contaminants Disinvestment over time High concentration ofl limited English speaking households Distance from major urban centers and limited public transit options  Poor housing mobility  Low housing vacancy rate Lack ofj private investmentistagnant housing supply growth Large concentration of lower-income households  High  Disproportionate housing needs citywide  Highi rates of poverty Aging housing stock Costs ofhome repairs and rehabilitation Need for deeply affordable housing product tor match extremely low- and very low- income housing needs.  Medium Incentivize development of  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024  1J-3-61    SECTION 1J-3: LOCAL ASSESSMENT OF FAIR HOUSING  Identified Fair Housing Issue  Contributing Factor Concentration: of amyorkersagnculunral  Priority  Meaningful Action new affordable housing (Program 7) Promote the availability of rehabilitation assistance programs (Programs 16 and 17) Remove regulatory constraints to development ofspecial needs housing (Program 12) materials in English and Spanish on the City's website (Program 21) Educate landlords and tenants on fair housing laws and how to navigate assistance programs (Program 20)  employees  Limited local fair housing outreach and enforcement enforcement  Limited local capacity for outreach and High concentration ofl limited English speaking households Lack ofe education for landlords/tenants on fair housing lawi  Medium Provide fairl housing  Source: City of Orange Cove and Ascent, 2024  1J-3-62  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4  ZoningDevelopment Code  The City is currently in the process of completing a comprehensive Zoning Code update that will include substantial changes to residential zoning districts and development standards. It is anticipated that this update willl be completed early within thej planning period. As such, this analysis reviews standards included int the draft Zoning Code in cases wherei itj proposes new or modified standards from the Ordinance currently  in effect as of February 2024. Analysis  The City's Zoning Code (adopted as Title 17 of the City of Orange Cove Municipal Cove) regulates land use and outlines standards for residential development. The Zoning Code is publicly available on the City's website. Table 1J-4.2 below presents residential use types from the current Zoning Code as allowed by zoning district. A discussion of zoning for a variety ofhousing types (e.g., emergency shelters, supportive Single-family housing is a permitted use in all residential zoning districts. Multi-family housing, including duplex and triplex development, is permitted in the R-2, R-2-A, R-3, and R-3-A districts. Multi-family housing projects are limited to a maximum of 100 units. This requirement poses a constraint to achieving maximum allowable densities on larger sites. For example, multi-family residential development on a site larger than 3 acres could not achieve ap project density of 30 dwelling units per acre. As part oft the pending Thel Mixed-Use (M-U); zoning districta allows residential mixed-use development by-right, and conditionally permits standalone residential uses. However as part of the Zoning Code update, the City plans to replace the M-U: zoning district with the C-3 zoning district, absorbing the M-U land use permissions.  housing, group homes) is included later in this chapter.  Zoning Code update, the City plans toi remove this restriction (Program 12).  1J-4-2  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY:2024    APPENDIX: 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Table 1J-4.2: Residential Use Types Allowed by Zoning District  Use Single-family Duplexes Multi-family. Mobile home/trailer NP NP park ADUS Transitional and P P supportive housing Developmentally P P disabled housing, eight or fewer persons Boarding and rooming house  R-A R-1-12 R-1-6 R-1-3 R-2 R-2-A1 R-3 R-3-A1 M-U1 MHP  P P C C NP NP P P  P P P P C C P P NP NP P P NP NP NP NP P P P P P P P P P P. P P  P P P P P P NP NP P P P P PIC P. P P  C NP C NP p P NP P P P PIC NP P NP NP NP  NP NP  NP NP NP NP  ADU= accessory dwelling unit, P= Permitted Use, NP: = Not permitted, C= Conditionally permitted.  The Draft Zoning Ordinance, proposes removing R-2-A, R-3-A, and M-U zones. R-2-A and R-3-A will be replaced by R-2 and R-3, respectively. M-U will be replaced with C-32 zoning, where mixed-use residential development will be a permitted use. Uses for R-2-A, R-3-A, and M-U are included for reference and are based on the Zoning Ordinance Multi-family development permitted when associated with other permitted commercial uses as part of a mixed-use development. Standalone residential development. is required to obtain a use permit int the M-Uzone. Transitional and supportive housing is either permitted as part ofa mixed-use project or conditionally permitted as a  currently in effect as of August 2023.  Multi-family development. must not exceed 100 units per project.  standalone residential use. Source: City of Orange Cove Zoning Code, 2024. Conclusion  The City's Zoning Code provides for a range of housing options that can be developed by-right in certain zoning districts. However, the Zoning Code currently permits single-family homes in all residential zoning districts, including those that permit higher density multi-family housing. In addition, the Zoning Code limits multi-family housing projects to a maximum of 100 units. This requirement constrains the ability of developers to achieve maximum allowable densities, partiçularly on larger sites. The Housing Element includes Program 12 to restrict single-family homes in the R-3 zoning district in order to preserve land zoned: for higher density residential development andi remove the requirement limiting multi-familyl housing toan maximum of100 units. Requirements for supportive/ransitional housing and other group! housing types  are discussed in more detail below in "Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types."  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2 2024  1J-4-3    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4 Recommended Action  The Housing Element includes Program 12 to amend the Zoning Code to:  Restrict single-family residential uses in the R-3 zoning district in order to preserve land zoned for  higher density residential development;  Remove requirement limiting multi-family housing to a maximum ofl 100 units;  Revise standards for special needs housing types to match requirements for single-family or multi- family housing in the same zone. (see discussion in "Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types"  section).  Residential Development Standards  Analysis  Table 1J-4.3 summarizes development standards for residential development proposed as part of the draft Zoning Ordinance that will be adopted within the planning period. Lot coverage maximums range from 30 to 65 percent, with higher density residential zones allowing greater lot coverage. Building heights up to 35 feet will be permitted in all residential zoning districts, while commercial zoning (M-U/C-3) will continue to allow building heights up to 40 feet (or 3 stories). Minimum setbacks also vary by zoning district, with higher density residential zones generally allowing reduced front yard setbacks compared to  lower-density zones.  1J-4-4  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY: 2024    a U 558 D6 SwU S 3 6b 3 5 ou W  - de o  a of U    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4  Table 1J-4.4 analyzes the cumulative impact of development standards on the ability to achieve the maximum densities in the City's multifamily zones. Each of the examples assumes a rectangular one-acre lot and applies the City's setback, lot coverage, parking, and open space standards to determine if projects complying with City standards can achieve maximum densities. The analysis shows that development standards ini thel R-2 and R-3: zones doi notl limit the ability to achieve maximum densities. Therei is sufficient excess site area remaining after application oft the City's development standards to allow the incorporation ofa additional project amenities that are not required, such as additional parking and open space features. Table 1J-4.4: Analysis of Multifamily Zone Requirements for Prototype Site Development  Development Standards  R-2Zone Standards 43,560 35,512 71,023 (3stories) 21,780 (50%) 14.5 10 5 14,500 7,250 15 8 22.5 7,875 15,125 20,387  R-3 Zone Standards 43,560 36,505 73,010 (3stories) 28,314( (65%) 29 19 10 28,100 14,050 29 15 43.5 15,225 29,275 7,230  Prototypel Project Site Size Net site size w/ required setbacks Maximum site volume at story limit Maximum lot coverage Maximum permitted density (units) Unit square footage total Unit square footage per story Parking requirement Total parking required Square footage for surface parking @ 350 sq. fi/space! Total sq. ft to accommodate project? Total excess sq. ft. available3 200 sf/space + 150: sp. Ft. ofdrive aisle per space  1bedroom (900sf) 2bedroom (1,100sf)  1-bedroom units @ 1.5 sp/unit 2-bedroom units @ 1.5 sp/unit  Calculated as the net building sq. ft. oft thet first story + parking sq. ft. + open space sq. ft. Calculated as the nets site. size - total sq. ft. to accommodate the project  Source: Ascent, 2024.  1J-4-6  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Overlay Districts  Planned Development Overlay  The Zoning Code also identifies a Planned Development (PD) Overlay district that can be applied in combination with the base single-family or multi-family zoning districts as well as the Neighborhood Commercial district. The PD district is intended to be used as an optional tool to facilitate innovative design strategies in larger scale residential development in the City that result in "smart growth." Single family, subdivisions within the PD overlay are subject to smaller lot size minimums and more flexible setback requirements, allowing additional flexibility for infill development to accommodate greater residential densities than wouldi be achievabler under ssteplesaohangleanl, residential development: standards. PD Overlay requests are processed as a Site Plan Review. This process is discussed in more detail below in  "Processing and Permit Procedures."  Parking  Table 1J-4.5 shows the residential parking requirements set forth in Section 17.60.100 of the Orange Cove Municipal Code. Single family dwellings and accessory dwelling units (ADUS) are required to provide one covered spaces per unit. Multi-family projects are: required toj provide 1.5 spaces per unit, andl halfoft the total required parking must be covered. Group homes arei required toj provide one parking space for every 1.51 beds.  Table 1J-4.5: Residential Parking Requirements  Type of Residential Development Single-Family Dwellings/Duplexes  Parking Requirement  1c covered space per unit 10 covered space peru unit perunit)  ADU Multi-family Emergency shelters Group care homes (convalescent homes, children's! homes) ADU: = accessory dwelling unit Source: City of Orange Cove Zoning Code. Open Space and Park Requirements  1.50 covered spaces per unit, half oft total requirement must be covered Subject toj parking requirement for multifamily (1.5 covered spaces  homes for the aged, nursing homes, and lparking space per 1.5 beds Housing for the elderly (Senior housing) 1space for every 3 units  The City's Zoning Code does not identify open space or park requirements for general residential development. However, development within the PD overlay, which is an optional overlay zone, is required toj provide one lot as a neighborhood pocket park for every 301 lots within a subdivision. This requirement can be waived if the Planning Commission finds that the pocket park is not necessary based on the close  proximity of an existing community park.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI IJULY2024  1J-4-7    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4  The City's Subdivision Ordinance (Title 16 oft the Municipal Code) requires land dedication or in-lieu fees for the purpose of maintaining public parks at a ratio of four acres per 1,000 persons. The City's current development impact fee schedule requires payment ofa Parks and Recreation Impact fee of $I,714 per.  single family unit and $1,285 per multi-family unit.  Conclusion  While most of the City's residential development standards do not act as a constraint to development of new! housing, height limitations for multi-familyl housing int the) R2-AandR.-Azoning: districts could pose al barrier to construction of multi-family units. Limiting multi-family housing to one-story buildings significantly constrains aj project's achievable density, especially on R-3-A-zoned. properties where the maximum density is 29 units per acre. When applied in combination with all residential development standards (e.g, setbacks, lot coverage maximums), iti is unlikely that maximum permitted density could be achieved on either R-2-AorR-3- A sites. As noted above, the City plans toj phase out R-2-A and R-3-A zoning and replace it with R-2 and R-3 Ina addition, thei minimum parking requirements for multi-family, emergency. shelters, and group homes are excessive and pose a constraint to the development of multi-family and special needs housing. Required parking fort these uses all exceed the minimum parkingr required for single-family homes. Requirements for special needs housing types are analyzed in more detail in "Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types" and  zoning as] part ofai forthcoming Zoning Code update within thej planning period.  "Constraints on Housing for Persons with Disabilities" below.  Recommended Action  The Housing Element includes Program 12 to amend the Zoning Code to address story limitations on multi-family development in the R-2-A and R-3-A zones and minimum parking requirements for multi-  fmily and special needs housing. Density Bonus Analysis  The City's density bonus ordinance is outlined in Chapter 17 oft the Orange Cove Municipal Code (Zoning Code Section 17.58). Projects that either provide 5 percent of units affordable to very-low-income households or 10 percent of units affordable to low-income households or special needs populations outlined in Government Code 65915 are eligible for a density bonus of20 percent. The amount of density bonus increases on a sliding scale relative to additional increases of affordable units, consistent with state density bonus law. The draft ordinance establishes aj procedure and timelines forj processing density bonus applications. Eligibility and decision-making criteria is based on the requirements of Government Code  Sections 65915 through 65918 by reference.  Conclusion  The City's proposed density bonus provisions are consistent with State law requirements and establish a  clear process for density bonus applications.  1J-4-8  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Recommended Action  The Housing Element includes Program 51 to amend the Municipal Code to adopt the draft ordinance as described above and continue to monitor updates to State density bonus law to ensure implementation  remains compliant with State law requirements. Zoning for a Variety of Housing Types  Analysis  Housing element law specifies that jurisdictions must identify adequate sites to be made available through appropriate zoning and development standards to encourage: the development of various types ofl housing for all economic segments of the population. This includes multi-family housing, manufactured housing, farmworker housing, single-room occupancy housing, emergency shelters, ADUS, low barrier navigation centers, and supportive and transitional housing. The following is a description of the City's requirements  for various housing types. Multifamily  Multi-family dwellings are permitted by right in the R-2 and R-3 zones.  Manufactured Housing  The City of Orange Cove permits manufactured housing and mobile homes in the same fashion as other types of residential housing, regardless of zoning district. Currently, manufactured homes, which include mobile homes subject to the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Act of 1974, are allowed in zoning districts that allow residential uses (R-A, R-1, R-2, and R-3 zones) and are required to  conform to foundational regulations as per Government Code 2.3-2, Sect. 65852.3.  Emergency Shelters  Pursuant to State housing law (California Government Code Sections 65582, 65583, and 65589.5), jurisdictions must identify at least one zone where emergency shelters are allowed as a permitted use without a conditional use permit or other discretionary permit. This zone must also allow other residential uses by right. The identified zone must have sufficient capacity to accommodate the shelter need, and at a minimum provide capacity for at least one year-round shelter. Permit processing, development standards, and management standards for emergency shelters must be objective and facilitate the development of, or As discussed in Chapter 2, "Housing Needs Assessment", the 2022 Fresno-Madera Point in Time Count identified 541 individuals experiencing homelessness in Fresno County, outside of the City of Fresno. As described in Chapter 2, thel Fresnoi Madera Continuum of Care estimates that there are 41 people experiencing homelessness in Orange Cove based on the City's population. There are: no existing emergency shelters in  conversion to, emergency shelters.  Orange Cove.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY: 2024  1J-4-9    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4  Currently, the Orange Cove) Municipal Code permits emergency shelters by righti in thei industrial (M-1 and M-2) zoning districts. The City does not limit the number of beds or capacity per emergency shelter and does not require any minimum distance separation from other group housing facilities. The Municipal Code includes provisions that apply multi-family residential parking standards to emergency shelters. There is a 1.2-acre vacant parcel within the M-1 zoning district on West Railroad Avenue that could be considered available for emergency shelter development. This site is located within walking distance of commercial andi recreational uses and medical services. Assuming this site can accommodate a shelter with capacity of 50 individuals, this parcel provides more than enough capacity to house Orange Cove's Prior to thej passage of AB 2339 in 2022, the City's methodology of allowing emergency shelters by right in the M: zone, where no other residential uses are permitted, was consistent with state law. However, AB 2339 revised Government Code Section 65583 to require that the zone where emergency shelters are permitted by right also allows other residential uses sO the City'sby-right allowance of emergency shelter facilities in the M-1 zone is no longer sufficient to comply with state law. AB2339 also expanded the definition ofe emergency shelters to include other interim interventions, including navigation centers, bridge housing, and respite or recuperative care. Furthermore, Assembly Bill (AB) 139, passed in 2019, revised state housing element law by requiring that emergency shelters only be required to provide sufficient parking to accommodate all staff working in the emergency shelter, provided that the standards do not require more parking for emergency shelters than other residential or commercial uses within the same zone. The Housing Element includes Program 12 to amend the. Zoning Code to address the requirements of AB 2339 by adopting the definition of emergency shelters, allowing emergency shelters by-right in the R-3: zone and to adopt objective standards for emergency shelter development, including employee parking, There are several vacant R-3 zoned sites in Orange Cove with capacity for a future emergency shelter as shown on Table 1J-4.6. All sites are: included int the Housing Element Sites Inventory as sites with lower- orI moderate-income housing capacity. As shown on Figure 1J-2.1 (Sites Inventory Map), all sites are centrally located with proximity to parks and commercial services. Per state law requirements, the site capacity for emergency shelters on these sites can be calculated by dividing the square footage oft the site by a minimum of 200 square feet per person. Based on this methodology, the smallest available R-3 site (Site 14) could theoretically accommodate 30 people, which is more than sufficient to accommodate the City's total unmet need of one unsheltered person experiencing homelessness in 2022.  estimated unsheltered homeless population of4 individuals.  consistent with state law (AB 139).  1J-4-10  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Table 1J-4.6: Emergency Shelter Site Capacity in the R-3 Zone  Site ID  APN  Acreage  2 8. 14 15 26 27,28 40,41 42 43,44,45  37504026 37802139 37805135 37805131 37806102 37806209,3780208 37811206, 37811208 37807013 37808113, 37808114, 37808112 Total (Area)  5.72 1.12 0.14 0.25 0.19 0.35 0.82 0.17 0.45 523.04  Source: Ascent, 2024:  Outside of these areas, there is also potential for emergency shelters in other R-3 zoned areas of the city where there is existing residential development. It is possible that this existing housing - which includes townhomes, duplexes, and single-family homes - could be purchased and used to provide emergency shelter by right. Based ont this evaluation, there are: many R-3: zoned sites that could be usedt to accommodate  the need for emergency shelter beds in the city. Low Barrier Navigation Centers  Government Code Section 65662 requires that low-barrier navigation centers be developed as a use by right in zones where mixed-uses are allowed or in nonresidential zones that permit multifamily housing. Fora navigation center to be considered "low barrier," its operation should incorporate best practices to reduce  barriers to entry, which: may include, but are: not limited to:  Permitting the presence of partners ifiti is not aj population-specihic site, such as for survivors of  domestic violence or sexual assault, women, or youth.  Permitting pets Ability to store possessions.  Providing privacy, such as private rooms or partitions around beds in a dormitory setting or in larger rooms with multiple beds, Program 15 has been included to comply with State law. The Zoning Code does not currently contain provisions for low barrier navigation centers. Program 12 has  been included to comply with State law.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-4-11    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4  armworkertmployee Housing  Under California Health and Safety Code 17021.5 (Employee Housing Act), farmworker housing up to 12 units or 36 beds must be considered. an agricultural use and permitted in any zone that permits agricultural uses. In Orange Cove, temporary farmworker labor camps are permitted in thel R-Azone, which is the only zoning district that permits agricultural uses within Cityl limits. In addition, farmworker housing is permitted as an accessory use on farms or ranches larger than I0: acres. The City places no explicit restrictions on the maximum number of beds or units for temporary farmworker labor camps or farmworker housing. While the City's zoning allows farmworker housing in zones allowing agriculture, thej provisions for farmworker housing are: not fully in compliance with State law. For example, the requirement that sites be larger than The California Health and Safety Code Section 17021.5(b) requires that employee housing providing accommodations for six or fewer are treated the same as any other single family home. The Orange Cove Municipal Code does not include standards that distinguish between employee housing for six or fewer residents and single-family residences. Program 12 has been included to amend the Municipal Code to specify that employee housing for 6 or less workers is permitted akin toa a single family residence anywhere single family is permitted, farmworker housing up to 12 units or 36 beds is explicitly permitted as an agricultural use in zones allowing agriculture, and adopt a streamlined ministerial approval process for eligible housing developments in compliance with California Health and Safety Code Section 17021.8.  10 acres goes beyond what is allowed under State law.  Transitional and Supportive Housing  Government Code Section 65583(c)(3) requires transitional housing and supportive housing to be treated the same as any other residential use oft the same type within the same zone. In Orange Cove, transitional Government Code Sections 65650 et seq. states that supportive housing with no more than 50 units and meeting certain standards is a use by right in zones where multi-family housing is permitted. This means that such supportive housing is exempt from CEQA and may only be subject to design review. A qualifying project must be restricted to lower income households and at least 25 percent of the units, or 12 units, whichever is greater, must be restricted to formerly homeless persons or those at risk of homelessness. As discussed above, supportive housing is permitted by right in all zones where multi-family housing is permitted (R-2 and R-3. zones). The City does not outline requirements unique to supportive housing projects that would not also apply to multi-family housing projects. As such, a qualifying project would be required to obtain a Sitel Plan Review with approval by the City Manager. Although this is an administrative approval process, this does not meet the state law requirement that qualifying projects be permitted by- right. Program 12 is included to clarify the City's regulations for eligible supportive housing projects and ensure that amendments made as part of the Zoning Code Update are consistent with the requirements of  and supportive housing is permitted in all residential zones (see Table 1J-4.2).  State law.  1J-4-12  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Single Room Occupancy (SRO) Units  Single room occupancy units (SROs) are small, one-room units occupied by a single individual, and may either have shared or private kitchen and bathroom facilities. The Zoning Code does not currently contain provisions for SRO housing. Program 12 has been included to amend the Zoning Code to adopt provisions for SRO units permitting them in at least one zoning district with appropriate development standards to  facilitate the development of SRO housing,  Group Homes  As described in Chapter 5, Section 1566.3 of the California Health and Safety Code requires licensed residential facilities serving six or fewer persons tol be considered a residential use of property for purposes oflocal zoning ordinances. Nol local agency can impose stricter zoning or building and safety standards on these residential facilities than is required ofa family dwelling of the same type in the same. zone. Inl December 2022, HCDj produced a Group Home Technical Advisory that provides guidance about how local governments may regulate group homes in compliance with] housing law and their affirmative obligation under state law toi further fair housing. Group homes ofalls sizes must bet treated thes same as any other residential use to ensure persons with disabilities have equal opportunity to live in a community. Requiring a use permit for group homes ofr more than six persons has beeni identified by HCD: as ai fair housing issue. The City currently has some provisions for group housing types including housing for developmentally, disabled persons (capacity ofup to 81 persons permitted in all residential zones). However, the Zoning Code does not include clear standards applying to this use. Application of this use type as a mechanism to establish provisions for group. housing does not clearly encompass all group housing types that should be provided for as required by State law. Further, the Zoning Code does not currently contain specific provisions for group housing with 7 or more persons (unrelated tol boarding houses). The Housing Element includes Program 12 to allow group housing in all zones that allow residential uses in the same manner,  inc compliance with the State's 's definition of family. Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)  Section 17.64.11 ofthe Orange Cove Municipal Code outlines requirements for ADUS and JADUS. ADUS are permitted on all residentially-zoned lots and any lot developed or proposed to be developed with residential uses.. JADUS are only permitted when associated within as single-family home. The City updated its ADU ordinance in 2023 and permits up to three dwelling units on a single-family lot - the primary  single-family residence. and either an attached or detached ADUa and a. JADU.  FRESNOI MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-4-13    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4  Consistent with State law, the City provides a streamlined ministerial approval process for ADUS if the  following criteria are met:  Total floor area of detached ADUS may be 1,200 square feet or less; one-bedroom detached ADUS arel limited to 850 square feet of living area. Total floor area of attached ADUS may be 50 percent or less oft the area of the existing primary dwelling or 800: square feet, whichever is greater. Total floor devoted to living space is limited to 1,000 square feet for attached and detached ADUS with Af four-foot setback mustl bej provided: from thes side andi rearl lotl lines, unless the ADUis constructed within an existing primary dwelling or permitted accessory structure. Otherwise, ADUS are subject The ADU can be attached to the primary single-family residence or may be detached from the single-family residence soO long as appropriate building separation standards are: met. ADUS and. JADUS arel limited to 161 feeti in height, unless constructed above an attached or detached garage, in which case the ADU/JADU shall not exceed the height limit of the applicable zoning  more than one. bedroom. JADUS may. not be more than 500 square feet.  to thes same standards as the primary dwelling.  district.  There shall be at least one parking space per ADU/JADU.  Fire sprinklers are required for ADUS/JADUS if fire sprinklers are required for the primary The subject lot shall have a sidewalk that connects the public right-of-way with the front door of the ADU/JADU. The address and mailbox for the ADU shall be located: near the public right-of- Attached and detached ADUS must be architecturally compatible with the primary single-family residence, including having similar materials, style of construction and consistency with the adjoining residential neighborhood. ADU/JADU must have ai roof pitch and roof overhang equal Consistent with statel law, noi impact fees arei required of ADUS less than 750 square feeti in size. Owner-occupancy is not required for ADUS. Owner-occupancy, is required for a single-family residence with a. JADU. The owner may reside in either the single-family residence or the newly created JADU. A certificate of occupancy must be issued for the primary dwelling before a certificate ofoccupancy can be issued for the ADU/JADU. Recent updates tot thel HCD ADUHandbook clarifies State lawi requirements related to thei number ofA ADUS jurisdictions must permit ministerially on single-family and multi-family sites. Jurisdictions must allow up tot three ADU/JADUS on a single-family property when applied int the following combination: one attached ADU within the existing space ofa single-family home or accessory structure, one detached ADU, and one JADU. As part ofar multi-family development, jurisdictions must allow at least two detached ADUS and up to 25 percent of the existing multi-family structure if converted to livable space. Program 10 has been included to amend the Zoning Code to revise the City's requirements to revise the maximum number of  residence.  way.  to the roof pitch and overhang oft the primary residence.  ADUS permitted per property consistent with State law.  1J-4-14  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Conclusion housing types:  In's summary, amendments to the City'sZ Zoning Code are required to address the provision ofa variety of  armworket/Employee Housing: Allow farmworker housing up to 12 units or 36 beds as a permitedagricultural use in zones allowing agricultural uses and clarify that employee housing for Emergency Shelters: Allow emergency shelters by right in the R-3 zoning district to address Low Barrier Navigation Centers: Update ordinance to identify provisions for establishing low Tramsitiomalsupportiye Housing: Update ordinance to clarify eligible permanent supportive housing projects are permitted by right in the R-3 and M-U/C-3 zoning district consistent with SRO Housing: Update ordinance to identify provisions for SRO housing units, including Group Housing: Update ordinance to allow group homes in all zones that allow single- or multi- family housing in the same manner, including licensed and unlicensed group homes ADUS: Update ordinance to revise the maximum number of ADUS/JADUS permitted on single-  6orf fewer employees is permitted as a single-family residence.  needed emergency shelter capacity.  barrier navigation centers consistent with: state law requirements.  Government Code Section 65651. appropriate development standards.  family and multi-family properties consistent with State law.  Recommended Action  The Housing Element includes Program 12 to amend the Zoning Code to address requirements for emergency shelters, low barrier navigation centers, ranstonalsupportive housing, group homes,, SRO  housing, and ADUS.  On- Off-Site Improvements  Analysis  For residential projects, the City requires both on- and off-site improvements. Site improvements are regulated by the Subdivision Ordinance (Orange Cove Municipal Code Title 16) and through conditions and standards imposed through the entitlement or ministerial review process. Off-site improvements required for all projects include: curb/gutter and drainage facilities, sidewalks, paved streets, landscaping and utility easements, water and sewer service, and park dedications. Such improvements are required as a condition of the subdivision map, or as part of the building permit if a subdivision map is not required. These on- and off-site improvements are applied only as necessary toj promote thel health, safety, and general welfare of the public. The costs of improvements are the responsibility of the developer and are, in turn passed on to the homebuyer. Costs of infrastructure improvements necessary to facilitate development  (development standards) are applied uniformly on all projects. FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-4-15    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4  Chapter 16.36 of the Municipal Code specifies standards and requirements for typical residential subdivision. All lots are required tol be graded sO that each building pad is 12 inches above curb elevation: Streets generally have a 60-foot right-of-way and a curb width of 40: feet. AlI lots shall bei fitted with curb and gutter and a 4-foot sidewalk. All lots require aj paved driveway leading from the street to the garage. Each lot is connected to the city's sewer system with a 6-inch sewer lateral and to the city's water system by a 3/4-inch water line. However, subdivision development under the PUD overlay can propose street  widths as narrow. as 561 feet and aj paved width of361 feet.  Conclusion  Required off-street improvements are typical of the requirements of California jurisdictions. Required improvements are all necessary to maintain public health, safety, and welfare within the community.  Recommended Action None required. Fees and Exactions Analysis  The City collects various fees from developments to cover the cost of processing permits. Some oft these typical City permitting fees are: summarized in Table 1J-4.7. The City's planning fee schedule is available for public reference online. Building permit fees are determined by building code requirements and vary  with thej job valuation.  Table 1J-4.7: Schedule of Fees for Residential Development  Permit Processing Fees Planning Applications Site Plan Review Conditional Use Permit Temporary Conditional Use Permit Variance Home Occupation Permit Time Extension Zoning Code. Amendment Map Zoning Code Amendment Text Planned Unit Development General Plan Amendment  Base and Deposit  $1,236 $1,676 S160 $1,156 $160 $508 $1,991 $1,991 $1,571 $2,286  1J-4-16  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Permit Processing Fees Division of Land and Related Actions Tentative Tract Map Final Tract Map Tentative Parcel Map Final Parcel Map Lot Line Adjustment Lot Merger Certificate of Compliance Annexation Development Agreement Appeal Environmental Review Initial Study/Negative Declaration Environmental Impact Report Grading Plan Check & Permit Fees Grading Plan Check Grading Permit Fee Source: City of Orange Cove, 2021  Base and Deposit  $2,451+ $15 Per Lot $1,811 +$25 Perl Lot.  $1,526 $1,246 $560 $560 $520 $3,431 $438  $1000 Deposit + Time & Materials/Actual Cost $1,000 Deposit +1 Time & Materials/Actual Cost $1,000 Deposit + Time & Materials/Actual Cost $390 + $301 Per Thousand Cubic Yards over 1,000 Cubic Yards $501 per Thousand Cubic Yards over 1,000 Cubic Yards  The financing of public facilities and services for new development is funded inj part by exactions and fees levied against development projects in proportion to the anticipated fiscal impacts on the jurisdiction. Development impact fees cover improvements such as water, sewer, storm drainage, schools, traffic, and community facilities. Development impact fees and building/engineering permit fees are, generally a larger percentage ofthec costofbuilding al housing unit thanj planning fees listed above. City's development impact fees are listed in Table 1J-4.81 below and are not currently available on the City's website. In addition to City fees, regional fees are charged on residential development projects. The Regional Transportation Mitigation and San. Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District fees are discussed ini more detail in Chapter 5. Kings Canyon Unified School District (KCUSD) assesses impact fees on residential building permits in Orange Covel based on the proposed building area ($4.08 per square foot as of2021). Table 1J-4.8 shows permit fees for single family and multifamily prototype developments. The single- family prototype is based on a single family detached residential dwelling unit with 1,200 square feet of living area on a 7,000 square foot lot. The multi-family prototype is based on an 81-unit multi-family housing project, assuming an ayerage of 800: square feet per unit costing approximately $80.00 per square foot. Fees for the sample single-family home total $14,686 and fees for the affordable multi-family project total $15,890 per unit. Parks, wastewater treatment, and school district fees are among the most significant  impact fees assessed for both prototypes.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT [JULY2024  1J-4-17    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4  Table 1J-4.8: Development Impact Fees for Residential Projects  Amount Single Family 81-unit Multi- Unit $1,079.00 $883.00 $56.00 $2,134.00 $2,414.00 $1,567.00 $3,460.00 $662.00 $1714.00 $243.00 $474.00 $2,118.00 $4,896.00 $14,686.00 $14,686.00  Fee Description  family Project S65,610.00 $53,622.00 $3,159.00 $129,681.00 $146,691.00 $95,175.00 $210,195.00 $37,746.00 $104,085.00 $14,742.00 $28,998.00 $133,002.00 $264,384.00 $1,287,090 $15,890.00  Streets General Government Building Permit and Plan Check Water Treatment Water Distribution Sewer Treatment Sewer Collection Storm Drainage Parks Law Enforcement Fire Fresno County Regional Transportation Mitigation Fee Kings Canyon Unified School District Fee Total Total Per Unit Source: City of Orange Cove, 2021  Conclusion  Development feesi in Orange Covearel low compared toi most otherj jurisdictions around thes state and consistent with impact fees assessed by other rural jurisdictions in Fresno County and the surrounding region.  Recommended Action None required.  Processing and Permit Procedures  Analysis  The City permits most types ofresidential development by right ini residential zoning districts. Forj projects that require a public hearing, the City encourages concurrent processing of applications and considers all entitlement applications, including the environmental document, at a single public hearing before the City Council following a recommendation from the Planning Commission. Table 1J-4.9 identifies typical  processing procedures and timelines for various types of residential projects.  1J-4-18  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  After the City approves aj project, such as at a Planning Commission or City Council hearing, it becomes the: applicant'sI responsibility to initiate the steps to secure building permits and construct thet project. These steps include obtaining state or regional permits and paying fees as outlined in aj project's conditions of  approval. Other necessary actions include: Completing construction drawings Retaining contractors  Recording subdivision (final) maps (applies to ownership projects) Obtaining utility approvals, required easements, and rights of entry.  As shown in Table 1J-4.9, single-family subdivisions take approximately 7-8 months from submitting a complete entitlement application to recordation oft the final map. Multi-family projects that do not require ap public hearing typically take an estimated 3 months to process, while projects that require an entitlement Due to thes slow pace ofinvestment and development in Orange Cove, there is not enough data to estimate an: average time between planning approval and building permit submittal. Anecdotally, City staffindicates that it generally takes 31 to 41 months after planning approval for developers to submit for building permits, depending on how quickly the developer can satisfy any infrastructure requirements and complete construction drawings. From that point, building permit review generally takes 2 to 3 weeks. Factors that can potentially cause a delay in submitting for building permit include fluctuating market conditions that may make securing financing a challenge as well as the need: for significant infrastructure improvements in  may take approximately 61 months toj process.  order to develop thes site (more commonly an: issue in new, growth areas).  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024  1J-4-19    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4  Table 1J-4.9: Typical Processing Procedures by Project Type  Processing Time  Single-Family Subdivision  Multi-family Project  Application completeness determination Administrative processing Planning Commission City Council Final Map Building permit review. Total Processing Time  1-2w weeks 1-21 months Imonth Imonth 41 months ofproject and applicant timing 7-8 months  3weeks 1-2 months Not required" Not required' Not required ofp project and applicant timing 3-6 months  Variable, depending on complexity Variable, depending on complexity  Public hearings are only required fori multi-family, projects when the project requires a rezone, conditional use permit,  or variance. Typically, it takes one month fore each public hearing.  Source: City of Orange Cove, 2023 Site Plan Review  Site Plan Review (SPR) is required for any non-exempt development in the R-2 and R-3. zoning districts, including permitted or conditionally permitted uses. Single family dwellings, ADUS, transitional and supportivel housing, mobile homes, and licensed group carel homes with 60 or fewer residents are: specifically The SPR process is intended to enable the Planning Commission to make a finding that the proposed development is in conformance with applicable zoning regulations and development standards. Within 15 business days ofs site plan submission, the Site Plan Review Committee must review the site plan submittal and provide a recommendation of approval or denial to the Planning Commission. The Site Plan Review Committee may recommend approval oft the SPR request if the following: findings can be made:  exempt from the SPR requirement.  The location of the proposed use is in accordance with the purpose and objectives of the Zoning Thel location ofthe proposed use andi the conditions under whichi it would be operated or maintained willi not be detrimental tot thej publici interest, health, safety, convenience or welfare, or ber materially The proposed use will comply with applicable provisions contained in the Zoning Code; Thej proposed usei is consistent with the Orange Cove General Plan; and  Code and thej purposes oft the district in which the subject site is located;  injurious to properties ori improvements in the vicinity;  The site for the proposed use is adequate in size, shape, and location to accommodate the use for  which iti is proposed.  1J-4-20  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  olowigarcommenanton of approval from the Site Plan Review Committce, the Planning Commission maya approve, approve with conditions, or deny the SPRapplication based ont the ability to make the findings listed above. The Planning Commission may add the following conditions of approval regarding street dedication andi improvements based on anticipated drainage or vehicular traffic impacts resulting from the  proposed development:  The applicant shall dedicate necessary right-of-way along the: subject property adequate to: facilitate thei installation of roadway improvements consistent with Orange Cove's Circulation Element and The applicant shall install roadway improvements, including curbs, gutters, sidewalks, and street pave outs, along the subject property that are consistent with Orange Cove's Circulation Element and Improvements Manual. These improvements may extend offs site forj purposes of ensuring safe The applicant shall install non-roadway improvements within the roadway right-of-way, including  Improvements: Manual;  traffic circulation, effective storm drainage, or pedestrian safety; and  street signs, street lights, street trees, and bus stops.  Use Permit  Projects requesting a Conditional Use Permit are: required to go to the Planning Commission for approval. Ataj public hearing, the Planning Commission may approve, approve with conditions, or deny the proposal  based on the following findings:  The. location oft the proposed use is in accordance with the purpose and objectives of the Zoning Thel location oft thej proposed use andt the conditions under which it would be operated or maintained will not be detrimental to the public interest, health, safety, convenience or welfare, or materially  Code and thej purpose of district in which the subject site is located;  injurious toj properties or improvements in the vicinity;  Thej proposed use will not have a significant impact on the environment; Thej proposed use will comply with applicable provisions contained in the Zoning Code; Thej proposed usei is consistent with the Orange Cove General Plan; and  The site fort the proposed usei is adequate in size, shape, and location to accommodate the use: in the  district for which it is proposed. Variances and Minor Deviations  Variances provide for deviations from the Zoning Code to address practical difficulties, unnecessary hardships, or results inconsistent with the general purposes of the zoning district. The Planning Director may administratively approve minor deviations for up to 10 percent of district regulations and up to 20 percent for setback distances. A variance may be: approved by thel Planning Commission ata aj public hearing. The Director or Planning Commission many approve a minor deviation or variance only ift the following  findings can be made:  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024  1J-4-21    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4  There are exceptional or special circumstances applicable to the property involyed, including the size, shape, topography, location, or surroundings, whereby strict: application of the Zoning Code deprives such property of privileges enjoyed to other property in the vicinity having the identical Granting a variance is necessary for the preservation and enjoyment ofas substantial property right possessed by other properties within the same vicinity and district and denied to the property for Granting the variance will not materially detrimental to the public health, safety, or welfare, or injurious tot thej property or improvements in such vicinity and district in which thej projecti is located; Granting the variance does not constitute a special privilege inconsistent with thel limitations upon Granting the variance does not allow a use or activity which is not otherwise expressly authorized  zoning district classifications;  which the variance is sought;  other properties ini the vicinity and district in which such property is located;  by the regulations governing the subject parcel; and Granting the variance will: not be inconsistent with the General Plan.  Similar findings are required by state law to grant a variance.  Subdivisions  The City requires submission and approval of a tentative and final map for any development project requiring the creation ofnew parcels, consistent with the Subdivision Map Act. In order to expedite review. timelines, the City encourages applicants to submit preliminary plans for a pre-application meeting to receive initial feedback from the Planning Department, Public Works, City Engineer, and Fire Department. The City Council is the review authority for tentative and final subdivision maps, following a recommendation of approval from the Planning Commission. Tentative parcel maps may be approved at a public hearing of the Planning Commission. After conditional approval of the tentative map, a final map with improvement drawings must be filed with the City Engineer within the applicable time limits of the tentative map. In addition to meeting the specifications for final map submittal outlined in Title 16 ofthe Municipal Code, the applicant must formally dedicate land required for public use or utilities and agree to complete required off-street improvements prior to City approval of the final map. After determining that the parcel map is technically correct and all conditions of approval are sufficiently met, the City Engineer certifies the final map and distributes it to the City Council for approval at the next scheduled meeting of the City Council. Final maps may only be denied ift the final map fails to meet requirements or conditions  that were applicable to the subdivision at thet time of approval oft the tentative map.  1J-4-22  FRESNO MULTIJURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Senate Bill 35  Senate Bill (SB)35requires) jurisdictions where fewer building permits have been issued than needed to1 meet their RHNA to provide a streamlined, ministerial entitlement process for housing developments that incorporate affordable housing. As of 2023, the City has not adopted a ministerial approval process for affordable housing projects consistent with the requirements of SB 35. The Housing Element includes Program 13 to establish a written policy/procedure to specify the SB 35 streamlining approval process and  standards for eligible projects under Government Code Section 65913.4.  Senate Bill 330  SB330, the Housing Crisis Act of2019, established specific requirements and limitations on development application procedures. In addition, SB 8, passed in 2021, extended the sunset date ofthe Housing Crisis Act provisions through January 1, 2030. The bill allows a housing developer to submit a "preliminary application" to a city for a housing development project. Submittal ofa a preliminary application allows a developer to provide a specific subset of information on the proposed housing development before providing the full amount of information required by the city for a housing development application. Submittal oft the preliminary application secures the applicable development standards and fees adopted at that time, subject to certain exceptions. If the applicant fails to timely submit a regular application within 180 days or does not complete the application within 90 days after being told the application is incomplete, As ofl March 2023, the City had not developed aj preliminary application review process consistent with SB 330. The Housing Element includes Program 13 to develop a preliminary review process for eligible  the preliminary application will expire.  housing projects consistent with the requirements of SB330.  Conclusion  The City does not have al lengthy project review process.. However, ther required finding for site plan review and use permits related to public convenience" is subjective and the City cannot deny an application fora housing development project, or reduce the project's density, unless the project fails to conform with objective standards or the City can make the "specific health and safety" finding required by the Housing Accountability Act. In addition, the City has not yet developed formal approval procedures to implement  recent housing streamlining legislation (i.e., SB 35 and SB: 330).  Recommended Action  The Housing Element includes Program 12 to establish a ministerial approval process for multi-family housing projects that include affordable units consistent with SB 35, establish procedures for processing housing projects consistent with the requirements of SB 35 and SB 330, and adopt objective approval criteria for housing development projects subject to site plan review or a use permit process.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-4-23    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4  Building Codes and Enforcement  Analysis  The City of Orange Cove has adopted the 2016 edition ofthe California Building Standards Code. The City iss subject to building energy efficiency standards defined under Title 24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations. Ina addition, the City adopted the 2016 editions ofthe California Energy Code, Plumbing Code, The City administers a code enforcement program that aims to preserve. and maintain the livability and quality of neighborhoods. Code enforcement staff are informed of violations on a complaint basis and investigate violations of property maintenance standards as defined in the Municipal Code as well as other complaints. When violations are identified or cited, staff encourage. property owners to seek assistance  Mechanical Code, and Fire Code.  through the rehabilitation assistance programs offered by the City.  Conclusion  No major local amendments to the building codes have been made that would significantly increase the cost ofhousing. The City is required to adopt California'sE Building Standards Codes and Title 24, whichi is necessary forj public safety and has not been shown to act as a constraint on housing development.  Recommended Action California building codes.  The Housing Element includes Program 12 to amend the Municipal Code to adopt the current editions of  Constraints on Housing for Persons with Disabilities  Analysis  California Codes and Regulations  The City has adopted Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, and the 2016 California Building Code. The definition of "family" in Orange Cove's Zoning Code is as follows: An individual or two or more persons related by blood, marriage or adoption or a group of not more than five persons, not including servants, who need not be related by blood, marriage or adoption, living as a single housekeeping unit.  Definition of Family  Zoning and Land Use Policies  Group Homes  he City currently has provisions for some types of group housing, including housing for people with developmental disabilities. This type of housing with 8 or fewer residents is permitted in all zones where residential uses are permitted. However, this use type is overly restrictive and strict application of this use  1J-4-24  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  category excludes othert types ofdisabilities protectedi unders state law. As describedin? Table 1J-4.4(Parking). group homes are required to provide one parking spaces for every one and a half beds in thel home. This is more restrictive than the requirement for single-family homes, which requires two spaces per dwelling regardless oft thei numberofoccupants. The City'se existing regulations related to group! housing do not comply with the requirements of State law. Current standards are more restrictive than those that apply to similar residential uses and serve as a potential constraint to housing for people with disabilities. The Housing Element includes Program 12 to allow group homes in all residential zones, amend thej parking requirements for group homes to match requirements for other types ofresidential uses, and establish provisions for group  homes withi more than six residents.  Reasonable Accommodation Procedure  The federal Fair Housing Act of 1988 and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act impose an affirmative duty on local governments to make reasonable accommodations (i.e., modifications or exceptions) in their zoning and other land use regulations when such accommodations may be necessary to afford persons with disabilities an equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling. For example, it may be a reasonable accommodation to allow covered ramps in the setbacks of properties that have already been The City'sreasonable accommodation procedures are outlined in Chapter 62 ofthe Zoning Code. Requests for reasonable accommodation are reviewed administratively by the Planning Director within 30 days of application. The decision to grant a reasonable accommodation request is based on certain findings consistent with the federal Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 and California Fair Employment and  developed to accommodate: residents with mobility impairments.  Housing Act, including the following:  Whether the housing, which is the subject of the request for reasonable accommodation, will be Whether the requested accommodation: is necessary tor makel housing available to: ani individual with Whether the requested accommodation would impose an undue financial or administrative burden Whether the requested accommodation would require ai fundamental alteration in the nature ofthe  used by an individual with disabilities protected under fair housing laws;  disabilities protected under the fair share housing laws;  ont the City ofOrange Cove; and  jurisdiction' S land use and zoning or building codes.  Conclusion  Amendments to the City's Zoning Code are required to remove constraints to housing for people with disabilities by addressing regulations for group homes and updating the City's definition of family to be consistent with State law. The City has not adopted the current edition of the California Building Code  (2022).  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT IJULY2024  1J-4-25    SECTION 1J-4: CONSTRAINTS4 Recommended Action  The Housing Element includes Program 12 to amend the. Zoning Code to address regulations for group homes community care facilities, update the City's definition of family, and adopt the current edition ofthe  California Building Code. At-Risk Analysis  Table 1J-4.10 presents assisted housing units in Orange Çove.. As of2023, there are 828 assisted affordable units in Orange Cove in 101 housing developments. None are at-risk of expiration and conversion to market  rate by 2034.  Table 1J-4.10: Assisted Housing Developments, Orange Cove  Total Number of Affordable  Name Orange Cove Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD) (Site A) Citrus Gardens South Cove Apartments (1995) Ave. Orchard Village 1555 South (1995) Pablo Rodriguez 1550 South Plaza (2000) Zaninovich Village 560 Adams Senior (2004) Los Arboles Apartments (2005) Villa Escondido 1555 Tangerine (2006) Amaya Village (2020) Valle Verde Apartments Total Total At Risk  Address 791ISt. 201 Citrus Dr. 1355 South Ave. Ave. Ave. 1535 Park. Ave., Family Dr. 1525 Park Blvd 750 Second St.  Target Funding Number Affordable Units Risk Population Source of Units Units Expiration Level  LIHTC, HUD LIHTC LIHTC; HÇD LIHTC; HCD LIHTC LIHTC LIHTC LIHTC HCD! LIHTC  90 30 54 188 81 81 81 81 81 73 840 0  87 29 54 186 80 80 80 80 80 72 828 0  2068Low. 2076Low 2049Low 2068 Low 2052! Low 2061 Low 2061 Low 2061. Low 2074] Low 2058 Low  HCD = Department of Housing and Community Development, HUD = U.S. Department of Housing and Urban  Development, LIHTC = Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Source: California Housing Partnership, 2022  1J-4-26  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  SECTION 1J-5: REVIEW OF PAST ACCOMPLISHMENTS State housing element law (Government Code Section 65588) requires cities and counties to assess the achievements under their adopted housing programs to inform the development ofi new programs. State law, also requires that local governments review the effectiveness of the housing element goals, policies, and related actions to meet the community's special housing needs. Accomplishments under the 2015-2023 Housing Element are evaluated in this chapter in order to determine the effectiveness of the previous housing element, the City's progress in implementing the 2015-2023 Housing Element, and the appropriateness of the housing goals, objectives, and policies. This evaluation is conducted pursuant to  Government Code Section 65588.  Progress Toward Meeting the RHNA  Table 1J-5.1 shows the City'sp progress toward meeting the 2015-2023 Fifth Cycle Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA), as of December 31, 2022. The City has issued 114 building permits for housing units since the start ofthe Fifth RHNA Cycle in 2015. Ofthe permits issued, 30 were for above moderate-income housing, 1 was for moderate-income. housing, and 83 were for lower-income housing. Because ofthe City's insufficient progress toward meeting its RHNA, Orange Covel is subject to a streamlined ministerial approval process for housing projects as indicated in the California Department ofHousing and Community Development (HCD)'s Streamlined Ministerial Approval Process (Senate Bill [SB] 35) Statewide Determination Summary, updated. June 30, 2022 (see Section 1J-41 for a discussion oft the City's compliance Table 1J-5.1: Units Built during RHNA Projection Period, Orange Cove, 2015-2023  with the requirements of SB35).  Unmet Total RHNA TBD 10 101 TBD 73 13 TBD 1 104 8 22 TBD 30 337 TBD 114 555  Income Level RHNA Very Low. Low Moderate Above Moderate Total  - 2 2 2  - 10 70 80 8  111 86 105 367 669  Note: Units serving extremely low-income households are included in the very low-income permitted units totals and  must be reported as very low-income units.  Source: City of Orange Cove, Annual Housing Element Progress Report, 2022. Efforts to Address Special Housing Needs  The following section reviews and evaluates the City's progress in implementing programs from thej previous planning period. As part of analyzing prior programs, the City must assess the eftectiveness of programs for special needs populations. Table 1J-5.2 summarizes progress on the implementation programs from the previous Housing Element, including programs addressing special needs populations summarized below.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-5-1    SECTION 1J-5: REVIEW OF PAST ACCOMPLISHMENTS  During the Housing Elcment period, the City initiated a comprehensive Zoning Ordinance update which includes updates to transitional and supportive housing, and established reasonable The City referred households to Fresno County rehabilitation programs to improve housing The City sold two properties pursuant to the Surplus Land Act that will be developed with multi- family housing including at least 15 percent of units affordable to lower-income households. Similar to other special needs groups, farm workers can benefit from many of the available affordable housing and assistance programs in Fresno County. The City continues to encourage and support the development ofaffordable housing to extremely low-, very low-, and low-income households. During the Housing Element period, the City completed a Zoning Ordinance update which included updates to allow farmworker housing in all zones agricultural uses are allowed, as While there are no homeless or transitional shelters located in Orange Cove, there are several organizations in and around the County of Fresno that provide services to persons experiencing homelessness and food insecurity, including unhoused and special needs groups. As described in Section 1J-4, the City has enough available land toj provide sufficient emergency shelter capacity for the estimated homeless population (people, according to estimates based on the 2022 Pointi in Time count). The City referred residents annually tot thel Fresno Housing Authority to: access their range of programs.  accommodation procedures. conditions for lower-income residents.  well as in the residential zoning districts.  Progress Towards Meeting Housing Element Programs  Table 1J-5.2 summarizes the programs from the 2015-2023 Housing Element. To the degree that such programs are recommendedi tol be continued in the current Housing Element, these programs are reorganized  and presented in Section 1J-1, Action Plan.  1J-5-2  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024                                                SECTION 1J-5: REVIEW OF PAST ACCOMPLISHMENTS  This page intentionally left blank.  1J-5-14  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  SECTION 1J-6: PUBLIC OUTREACH AND ENGAGEMENT State law requires cities and counties to make a diligent effort to achieve participation from all segments of the community in preparing a Housing Element. Section 65583[cJ[6] oft the California Government Code specifically requires that "Ithe local government shall make a diligent effort to achieve public participation ofall economic segments of the community in the development of the Housing Element, and the program This means that local jurisdictions must do more than issue the customary public notices and conduct standard public hearings prior to adopting al Housing Element. State law requires cities and counties to take active steps to inform, involve, and solicit input from the public, particularly low-income and racial and ethnic households that might otherwise not participate in the process. Spanish-language materials were Tomeett the requirements of State law, the City of Orange Cove completed public outreach at both the local level and as part of the regional Fresno County Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element effort to encourage  shall describe this effort."  available, and Spanish translation was made available by request.  community involvement. These efforts included: Al Regional Project Website  Stakeholder Consultations and Focus Groups A Study Session with the City Council Community Workshops Community Survey  Feedback received from the community as well as regional and local stakeholders was used to inform the Housing Element policies and programs, as well as to provide additional local context and knowledge. Regional efforts are discussed in more detail in Appendix 1: Regional Housing Element Public Outreach.  This section describes the outreach done at the local level.  Joint Planning commission/city Council Study Session  A joint study session was held with the Planning Commission and City Council at a special meeting on September 28, 2022, to discuss the Housing Element Update process. The study session was open to the public and heldi inj person, with al livestream option to reach members ofthe public who could not attend in person. Commentary was limited and no public comment related to fair housing was received at the meeting; instead, commissioners and council members expressed concern regarding the need for more affordable housing since the majority ofresidents are farm workers and cannot afford] housing at fair market rates. Commissioners and council members also asked for more information on government subsidy  programs that can help buyers with down payment assistance.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-6-1    SECTION 1J-6: PUBLIC OUTREACH ANDI ENGAGEMENT  Community Event  On September 22, 2022, the City of Orange Cove held an in-person Community Workshop to provide information on1 the Housing Element and solicit input from the community. The City notified the community of this meeting through flyers distributed in English and Spanish through the FCOG listserv of regional stakeholders and community-based organizations (CBOs) and through the Fresno Housing Authority. City staff also distributed English and Spanish flyers at the Fresno Economic Opportunities Commission Food Distribution event. Information about the workshop was also posted on the City's Facebook page with a link to the Eventbrite registration page, which included information about Spanish language interpretation, Eight community members attended the community workshop held at the Orange Cove Senior Citizen Center. The main theme of the discussion was the need for more deeply affordable housing to match household incomes in Orange Cove. Participants shared that many residents struggle to qualify for affordable or market-rate housing, due tol low credit scores or lack ofs sufficient documentation. Participants were especially concerned about the rising cost ofliving and] heightened displacement risk among the City's residents, many ofs whom are: farmworkers. Residents are worried about market conditions and unforeseen emergencies that couldi impact their incomes such that they lose their homes. These fears were exacerbated by the economic impacts ofthe Covid-19 pandemic; many residents have fallen into debt due to lay-offs or Participants highlighted ther need fora additional community amenities, sucha as improved city services, parks/open spaces, and grocery stores. City staffs shared concerns: about] providing financial incentives tol housing developers (ie., fee waivers) when the City'si impact fees are relatively low; revenue from development fees is crucial to Participants also expressed concerns about the safety and quality of the City's water supply. The City recently built ar new well to augment the citywide supply; however, residents are concerned that water from  refreshments, and activities for children that would be available at the workshop.  lost hours due to illness.  financing community development projects and maintaining existing levels of service.  the new well is not safe as drinking water. Local Stakeholder Consultations  Toe ensure that the Citys solicits feedback from all segments oft the community, consultations were conducted with service providers and other stakeholders who represent different socioeconomic groups. Throughout thes summer and fall of 2022, several interviews were conducted with stakeholders who work in areas such as housing, homelessness, and other social services in Orange Cove and throughout the Fresno County area. Summaries of interviews from stakeholders working in Orange Cove or the County as a whole are included below.  BIA of Fresno/Madera Counties  The President of the Building Industry Association of Fresno/Madera Counties (BIA), Mike Prandini, was interviewed in November 2022. The BIA is an industry organization that represents builders, developers, subcontractors, and affiliated businesses in the residential, commercial, and industrial building industry  throughout the region. 1J-6-2  FRESNO MULTIJURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX: 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  The current shortage ofl housing has created demand, which can be a positive for BIA's members. Most jurisdictions have sufficient available land to build new housing. The statewide move to require all-electric utilities rather than gas is a concern. For market-rate housing, the State's vehicle miles traveled (VMT) regulations are a large barrier, as transit isn'treliable, and a cari is necessary to get around. Builders have to pay a fee to get around the cost of mitigating car miles unless city councils can make a finding of an unavoidable impact. For affordable housing, the prevailing wage requirements are: al barrier to development due to the increased cost. Infrastructure costs also affect both types of projects. Streamlining tools help control costs, but not enough. A lack of1 local water access is also a barrier to development. Mr. Prandini expressed concern that the State assigned the RHNA without this ini mind. There may not be enough water Inl his experience, single-family homes are in greatest demand. There is a lot of demand for low-income housing projects, but these aren't financially viable for developers without government subsidy. However, including government subsidy inj projects increases the overall cost to build, as it triggers prevailing-wage requirements. A recent affordable development: in the City of Fresno cost around $400,000 per unit to build. Condo-style projects are also a possibility, buti in Mr. Prandini's experience, they don'tt tend tol be successful in this region. To keep prices within reach of local residents, recent projects have needed to be built at higher densities. A typical projecti is between 8 and 15 units per acre on small lots, with single-family homes built as two-story structures in order to reach 1,200 or 1,300 square feet. Developers need to build higher- density projects to spread out the cost of infrastructure among a larger number of units. Demand isn'tas high in smaller communities as it is in the cities of Fresno and Clovis that have better access to jobs, education, and medical centers. VMT mitigation costs increase in communities that are far from these economic centers, soi it's less ofa ani issuei in closer communities. Many residents ofMendota and San. Joaquin have incomes that are tool low. to afford development at its current costs. Mr. Prandini indicated that more downpayment assistance and maintenance programs are needed throughout the region. Fresno Housing  access to support thel housing development that the State is looking to see.  Authority has some, but they'rel limited. Fair Housing of Central California  Ar representative from Fair Housing of Central California (FHCCC) was interviewed on September 27, 2022. The organization works to eliminate housing discrimination and expand housing opportunities to all persons. The FHCCC receives fair housing complaints and tracks these complaints by location, zip code, gender, race or ethnicity, and type of complaint. The most common fair housing issue that clients report is discrimination related to disability or race. She expressed concern that fair housing practices are not really embraced by local government, and that cities should avoid promoting the development of new housing in neighborhoods where segregation is deliberately continued by landlords and real estate agents. Her clients prefer decent, affordable, and accessible housing, but as the cost of purchasing a home increase,  opportunities decline.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024  1J-6-3    SECTION 1J-6: PUBLIC OUTREACH ANDI ENGAGEMENT Fresno Madera Continuum of Care  As a representative for the Fresno Madera Continuum of Care (CoC), Laura Moreno was interviewed in October 2022. Ms. Moreno is a program manager for Fresno County's Department of Social Services (DSS). The CoC does not provide direct services, but instead is a collaborative of agencies that work together to provide homeless services. At present, there is insufficient low-income housing for those who are homeless. Many people in the region are on ai fixed income, including disability or social security, and  cannot afford housing.  Law Office of Patience Milrod  Fresno-area civil rights attorney Patiençel Milrod was interviewed on October 31, 2022. While Ms. Milrod supports the continued attention to inclusionary housing, she has concerns about the passive language of "facilitate" and "encourage" that have been common in past Housing Elements. She identified code enforcement as a strategy fori improving housing quality that could be strengthened. At present, rents are increasing while the quality of housing is decreasing, and there isn't a lot of energy locally to correct that imbalance. This particularly hurts lower-income households. With more aggressive code enforcement in place, she suggested that some landlords may decide that the cost of maintaining their property isn't worthwhile and may choose to sell to a community land trust or Habitat for Humanity rather than entering receivership. Ms. Milrod would like to see that as a specific goal. The biggest barrier to finding affordable, decent housing in the region that shei identified was that lower-cost housing tends to also be low quality or ill maintained. However, she cautioned that the supply problem won't be solved with suburban or exurban single-family dwelling units. There's also local disinclination to build lower-income housing in areas of opportunity. She suggested that cities should ask for affordability covenants in perpetuity and highlighted  the land trust model as a way to enable that. Central Valley Urban Institute  On September 7, 2022, Eric Payne, executive director of the Central Valley Urban Institute (CVUI), was interviewed. The CVUI is an advocacy organization working throughout the Fresno area. Mr. Payne indicated that there may be opportunities to increase affordable housing stock production, particularly within infill areas and brownfields, as well as to increase homcownership through programs like the downpayment assistance program. However, he expressed concerns about high building costs, lack of financing, and poor leadership in the area. Community members would like to see intergenerational housing, middle-income housing, and missing-middle" sized housing as well as housing to end homelessness, particularly among college-aged youth. At present, he does not believe that there are adequate opportunities for homeownership or adequate rental housing. The largest barriers are access to credit, lack of financial education, and existing housing cost burden. There is a lack of investment in  programs that serve low to moderate-income communities.  1J-6-4  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Resources for Independence Central Valley  On) November 1, 2022; a representative from the organization Resources for Independence Central Valley was interviewed. The representative expressed concern about laws in the City of Fresno that prevent homeless community members from camping or living in their cars. Homelessness is increasing, but the City is investing resources in enforcing these laws rather than providing assistance. There is funding to move homeless people around, but not to improve anyone's living situation. Access to Section 8 can be a challenge, as the waiting list can bei four or five years long. Additionally,rental housing can require incomes oftwo to three times the rent, which can be al barrier to some who need to access rental housing. For those who may be able to access housing, somel landlords levy additional fees during the application process that can present. a prohibitive cost. Credit checks are becoming a barrier for residents to get into housing. Community members with disabilities can experience additional challenges trying to: find homes that have necessary accessibility features. Homeowners with disabilities end up needing to make expensive home improvements in order to make their homes accessible for themselves. For renters, these improvements may be more challenging to implement, and those who use service or support animals may experience discrimination against pets. There isn't enough higher-density housing, housing near transit or major  transportation corridors, or housing in good repair. Llaves de tu Casa Iniciativa  Asai follow-upt to ther regionwides stakeholder focus groups held in October and November 2022, a collection ofmembers from thel Llaves de tu Casa Iniciativa (LDTC) met on December 13, 2022, to respond to several stakeholder interview questions. LDTC is a financial education program open to all County of Fresno residents but with ai focus on increasing Latino homcownership rates. Eight initiative members represented organizations and companies, including Envision Fresno (Mirna Garcia), Self Help Enterprises (Rick Gonzales, Alicia Bohigian), CORE. Home Loans (Pablo Estrada), Union Bank (Reyes Ruiz), the California Association of Realtors (Sabrina Brown), and the National Association of Hispanic Realtors (Aldiva Rubalcava, Lucy Sandoval). The group collectively serves Fresno County, and members also serve other The opportunities for future housing in the region that the initiative members identified included LTDC's ability to provide homeownership education virtually and in partnership with other local organizations. There has been al lack offinancial literacy in the community along with challenges in using technology and Thei initiative members expressed concerns about affordability, including the location ofaffordablel housing in undesirable areas. Upzoning single-family zoning would create more opportunities for the development ofr multifamily housing in more desirable locations. Some funding is only available in certain areas, which can exacerbate existing patterns of segregation and close proximity to industrial uses. They also expressed concern about investors displacing community members in order to establish short-term rentals while community members livei inl hotels. The State's mandate to install: solar panels oni new homes was also cited  counties in the Central Valley.  language barriers.  as an additional cost that will drive up thel buyers' or renters' cost. FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-6-5    SECTION 1J-6: PUBLIC OUTREACH ANDI ENGAGEMENT  The gap between ownership housing affordability and program income limits was identified as a barrier to accessing housing. Moderate-income households earn too much to qualify for housing assistance, but those who qualify aren'ta able to afford thel housing available. In addition to a lack ofi multifamily rental housing, there aren't many condo buildings in the region, which could present another affordable homeownership strategy. The establishment of land trusts was also identified as a potential strategy for increasing SelfHelp Enterprises has partnered with the CityofClovis on their recent accessory dwelling unit program  affordability, as well as donations ofl land from municipalities.  and has partnered with Salt + Light to develop tiny homes for transitional housing.  Fresno Housing Authority  Two representatives from the Fresno Housing Authority, Doreen Eley and Michael Duarte, were interviewed on January 11, 2023. The Fresno Housing Authority currently has housing projects in every jurisdiction participating in the Multi-Jurisdictional Housing Element except for Coalinga. The City of The representatives noted that there is tremendous demand for housing in all communities in Fresno County. The last time the Section 8 waiting list opened they received more than 50,000 applications. Recently, when a 60-unit development in Clovis opened, they received more than 10,000 applications. When a project in downtown Fresno opened, they received 4,000 applications within a two-week period. Rents are high, which is challenging for: residents but good for developers. The region needs more housing Inr rural and unincorporated communities, lack of water and sewer capacity are major concerns. The For local developers, state funding and streamlining programs trigger skilled, trained, and prevailing wage requirements, which can be al barrier. Entitlement processing timelines are al barrier to development fort the Housing Authority. The representatives gave. the example of a recent project in San Joaquin where streamlined: initiatives were used, but thej project still took a year to finish the project review process. Many communities don'thave much staff capacity and have part-time consultants to complete the work. There is also a lack of capacity among agencies that provide services in rural and unincorporated areas. This is especially challenging for special needs populations that need mental health services. There is a countywide. Department of Behavioral Health, but no offices within smaller cities. Thei representatives: gave the example ofal Homekey project in Huron that the Housing Authority wanted to assist with, but there While there is a lot ofir interest within the community for homeownership opportunities, more funding is available for multifamily rental projects. The Housing Authority is more focused on rental projects and  Fresno has a separate Housing Authority.  opportunities for people experiencing homelessness.  Housing Authority can'tbuild housing in areas with no services.  were no service providers available to serve the project.  arriving at deeper affordability levels,  1J-6-6  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENTI JULY2024    APPENDIX 1J: CITY OF ORANGE COVE  Thel Housing Authority is following the State'sl lead inj providing housing in high opportunity areas. There are lots ofi incentives to do this to compete for tax credits and other state funding programs. The representatives mentioned that they are trying tol balance this need by also working to improve thel lower-resourceareas where The COVID-191 pandemic brought challenges for manyr residents ofHousing Authority projects. There were increases in domestic violence, and it was challenging for property managers to enforce rules.  folks are already living along with disadvantaged communities like Del Ray and Lenar.  Public Comments  The City considered and incorporated public comments during the drafting of the Housing Element. All comments received, including feedback received from outreach efforts described above, were considered and used to inform the sites analysis and assessment of fair housing issues, and the goals, policies, and No additional public comments were received during the 30-day public review period; however, the City  actions were included and/or revised to incorporate the feedback received.  will continue to seek public input throughout the process.  Noticing of Study Sessions and Community Workshops  Notice oft the Study Session was made available as part of the City's standard meeting notice process for The community event was advertised to members of the public through multiple information channels. Flyers in English and Spanish were distributed at local events in the community as well as through GPUSD. Residents in Fresno. Housing Authority units received information about the workshops by email. The  City Council meetings.  availability of Spanish translation was noted in outreach materials. Noticing of the Draft Housing Element  Per California Government Code Section 65585, the draft Housing Element was made available for public comment for 30 days. The draft was made available on the regional project website and was noticed to residents through the same methods as the City Council meeting. Additional direct noticing was sent to  local housing advocate groups.  FRESNO MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT JULY2024  1J-6-7    SECTION 1J-6: PUBLIC OUTREACH AND ENGAGEMENT  This page intentionally. lefi blank.  1J-6-8  FRESNO MULTIJURISDICTIONAL HOUSING ELEMENT |JULY2024    A Regional Plan, for Addressing Housing Needs  Fresno County - Coalinga . Firebaugh . Fowler . Fresno City . Huron . Kerman Kingsburg - Mendota . Orange Cove . Parlier . Reedley . Sanu Joaquin . Sanger . Selma    5.bx  Fori the Meeting of October 23, 2024  CITY OF ORANGE COVE  REPORT TO THE CITY COUNCIL  To: From: Subject: Attachments:  Orange Cove City Council  Dario Dominguez, Assistant City Manager /F Public Works Director Adopt Resolution No. 2024-33 authorizing submittal ofi the Community Development Block Grant Application.  1. Resolution No. 2024-33 2. Public Hearing Notice 3. Affidavit of Posting Notice  RECOMMENDED ACTION  The City Council authorizes the submittal of one 2024 grant application to the California Department of Housing and Community Development for funding under the CDBG program, and if selected, the execution of standard agreements and required program documents. Ati the close oft the public hearing, adopt resolution 2024-33 approving the  submittal of the application. BACKGROUND  CDBG Program regulations require that the City conduct a public hearing on all CDBG- related matters to provide for and encourage citizen participation, particularly by low- and moderate-income persons who reside in areas in which CDBG funds are used. Therefore, when the public hearing is opened, the public will be invited to comment on the City's proposed resubmittal of a 2024 CDBG Grant application, CDBG Program Income, and to make their comments known on the proposed activities. A public notice was published in four public places in English and Spanish October 11, HCD released a NOFA announcing the availability of CDBG Program funds in August 30, 2024. The City is preparing to apply and submit an application for the Subsistence  2024, notifying the public of this public hearing.  payment program.  1    Eligible activities available in the 2024 NOFA must benefit low- and moderate-income Californians and include: Housing Assistance Programs (Single-Family Homeownership Assistance, and Single-Family Housing Rehabilitation). The city may apply for a maximum of The resolution authorizes the City Manager or designee(s), to sign the applications, the Standard Agreements, and any subsequent amendments or modifications thereto, as well as any other documents required by HCD for participation in the CDBG Program. The application will be written by Self-Help Enterprises and administered by the City, if The City proposes to apply for CDBG funds for the Single-Family Housing Subsistence payment program. Single-Family Housing Subsistence funds will be utilized to assist  $300,000.  funded.  residents with their rent, and/or utilities bills.  Single-Family Housing Subsistence = $ 300,000  When the Public Hearing is opened, citizens are encouraged to ask questions and/or comment on the proposed activties/application or on any aspect of the CDBG Program. Citizens are also invited to submit written comments to the City or to review information on the City's CDBG Program at Orange Cove City Council Chambers, 633 Sixth Street, Orange Cove, CA 93646. Write or contact Dario Dominguez, Assistant City Manager, at  the same address.  CONFLICT OF INTEREST  None  FINANCIAL IMPACT  The cost for preparation of the CDBG application by Self-Help Enterprises is $4,000. The  application fee will be paid out of the general fund.  2:    Prepared by: Assistant City Manager REVIEW: City Manager: TYPE OF ITEM: Consent Info Item Action Item Department Report Redevelopment Agency  Approved by: Dario Domnguez  Finance:  City Attorney:  COUNCIL ACTION: APPROVED DENIED NO ACTION  X_ Public Hearing Other Continued to:  Matter Initiated by a Council Member  3    Resolution of the Governing Body RESOLUTION NO. 2024-33  A RESOLUTION APPROVING AN APPLICATION FOR FUNDING AND THE EXECUTION OF A GRANT AGREEMENT AND ANY AMENDMENTS THERETO FROM THE 2024 FUNDING YEAR OF THE STATE CDBG  PROGRAM  BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Orange Cove as follows: The City Council has reviewed and hereby approves the submission to the State of California of one or more application(s) in the aggregate amount, not to exceed, of $300,000 for the following CDBG activities, pursuant to the and 2024 CDBG NOFA:  SECTION 1:  List activities and amounts  Activity (e.g. Public Services, Infrastructure, etc.)  Dollar Amount Being Requested for the  Activity  Subsistence Program  $300,000 $ $ $ $  SECTION 2:  The City Council hereby approves the use of Program Income in an amount not to  exceed $300,000 for the CDBG activities described in Section 1.  SECTION 3:  The City Council acknowledges compliance with all state and federal public participation requirements in the development of its application(s).  SECTION4:  The City Council hereby authorizes and directs the City Manager or designee*, to execute and deliver all applications and act on the City's behalf in all matters pertaining  to all such applications.    SECTION 5:  Ifan application is approved, the City Manager or designee*, is authorized to enter into, execute and deliver the grant agreement (e., Standard Agreement), any recordable or nonrecordable contract documents, and any and all subsequent amendments thereto  with the State of California for the purposes of the grant.  SECTION 6:  Ifan application is approved, the Mayor or designee*, is authorized to sign and submit Funds Requests and all required reporting forms and other documentation as may be required by the State of California from time to time in connection with the grant. PASSED AND. ADOPTED at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Orange  Cove held on 10/23/2024 by the following vote:  AYES: NOES:  ABSENT: ABSTAIN:  Diana Guerra Silva, Mayor  City Council  STATE OF CALIFORNIA City of Fresno  1,C Cynthia Cisneros, City Clerk of the City of Orange Cove, State of California, hereby certify the above and foregoing to be a full, true and correct copy of a resolution adopted by said City Council on this 23 day of October, 2024and that said resolution has not been amended, modified, repealed, or rescinded since its date of adoption and  is in full force and effect as of the date hereof.  Cynthia Cisneros, City Clerk of the City of Orange Cove,  State of California  By: Cynthia Cisneros, City Clerk    City of Orange Cove  Notice of Public Meeting for Discussion of Possible State CDBG Application  NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the City of Orange Cove will conduct a public meeting on October 23, 2024 at 6:30pm, at City Chambers to discuss possible applications for funding under the State Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program and to gather residents' ideas for possible The City anticipates submitting an application during the next CDBG program year. The City has or The purpose of this hearing is to review CDBG eligible activities and collect residents' views on housing and community development needs (which includes services, facilities, and/orir infrastructure that will The following information related to the project is available at 633 6th Street, Orange Cove California between the hours of 8am-5pm on Monday -Friday) or by emailing the contact listed below: A. Amount of funds available and range of activities that may be undertaken.  activities to bei included in the application.  anticipates receiving approximately $300,000 in CDBG Program Income.  improve livability within the community).  B. Information on proposed project(s).  Estimated amounts of funds proposed to be used for activities benefiting persons of low- and D, Planst forr minimizing displacement of persons as a result of activities associated with CDBG: funds and plans for providing assistance to persons displaced as a result of CDBG-funded activities.  moderate-income.  Records regarding the past use of CDBG funds.  Ifyou are unable to attend the public hearing, you may direct written comments to the City, at the address above, or you may contact Dario Dominguez by telephone or email at 559-626-4488 or dominguez@civyolorangecove.com, no later than 5pm on 10-17-24 to ensure placement ini the official The City does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender identify, age, religion or disability. If you require specific accommodations to participate in the public hearing, please contact Dario Dominguez at least 2 days prior to the scheduled hearing.  record of the hearing.    Ciudad de Orange Cove  Aviso de reunion publica para debatir la posible solicitud estatal del programa CDBG SE NOTIFICA POR LAI PRESENTE que la Ciudad de Orange Cove celebrarà una reunion publica el 23 de Octubre al las 6:30pm, en las Camaras de la Ciudad para debatir las posibles solicitudes de financiacion en el marco del Programa de la Subvenciôn Global de Desarrollo Comunitario (CDBG) y para recoger las ideas de los residentes sobre las posibles actividades que se incluiran en la solicitud. La Ciudad prevé presentar una solicitud durante el proximo ario del programa CDBG. La Ciudad tiene o prevé recibir aproximadamente $300,000 en ingresos del programa CDBG. Elp proposito de esta reunion es revisar las actividades elegibles del programa CDBG y recoger las opiniones de los residentes sobre las necesidades de vivienda y desarrollo comunitario (que incluyen servicios, instalaciones y/oi infraestructuras que mejoraràn la habitabilidad de la comunidad). La siguiente informacion relacionada con el proyecto està disponible en 633 6th Street, Orange Cove California entre las horas de 8am-5pm los dias Lunes a Viernes o enviando un correo electronico al A. Cantidad de los fondos disponibles y8 gama de actividades que pueden emprenderse.  contacto indicado a continuaciôn:  B. Informacion sobre el/los proyecto(s) propuestos. personas dei ingresos bajos y moderados.  Cantidades estimadas de los fondos que se propone utilizar para actividades que beneficien a D. Planes para minimizar el desplazamiento de las personas como resultado de las actividades asociadas con los fondos del programa CDBG y planes para proporcionar asistencia a las personas desplazadas como resultado de las actividades financiadas por el programa CDBG. E. Registros relativos al la utilizacion en el pasado de los fondos del programa CDBG. Sino puede asistir al la audiencia publica, puede dirigir sus comentarios por escrito al la Ciudad, al la direccion que figura arriba, o puede ponerse en contacto con Dario Dominguez por teléfono o correo electronico a 559-626-4488 o dominguez@ctyoforangecove.com a mas tardar las 5pm del 10-17-24 La Ciudad no discrimina por motivos de raza, color, origen nacional, sexo, orientacion sexual, identidad de género, edad, religion o discapacidad. Si necesita adaptaciones especificas para participar en la audiencia publica, pongase en contacto con Dario Dominguez al menos 2 dias antes de la audiencia  para garantizar que se incluyan en el acta oficial de la audiencia.  programada.    CDBG - Affidavit of Posting Notice  Affidavit of Posting Notice 1,( (Name of Poster) Cynthia Cisneros  hereby certify that on the 11th day of  October  (month), 2024 (year), the notice of public meeting to discuss possible  applications and to gather residents' ideas for possible activities for funding under the California Department of Housing and Community Development, Community Development  Block Grant Program was posted at the following Four available to the public from 10-11-2024 Location 1: City website  (number) locations, and was  (date) to 10-23-2024  (date).  Location 2: City Hall bulletin board  Location 3: Police Department bulletin board Location 4: Senior Center bulletin board  **If the notice was posted at additional locations, please check this box D and attach an additional  page listing the additional locations.  Signature of Poster  Organization and Title of Poster  1, (name). Cynthia Cisneros  employee or officer of City of Orange Cove  (city, county, or jurisdiction name), State of California, hereby certify the above and foregoing  ist true and correct. Dated at Orange Cove (date) day of October  (location), California, this  11  (month), 2024  Cikhfinyge Sighature of Employee or Officer Carllak Title ofEmployee or Officer  (Poster and Employee/Officer signatories must not be the same person)    G.a.  For the Meeting of October 23, 2024  CITY OF ORANGE COVE REPORT TO THE CITY COUNCIL  To: From: Subject: Attachments: RECOMMENDATION: Orange Cove Municipal Code BACKGROUND:  Orange Cove City Council Megan Crouch, City Attorney Cove Municipal Code. Ordinance No. 399  Adoption of an Ordinance Amending Section 8.70.140 of the Orange  Staff recommends that the Council approve the ordinance amending section 8.70.140 of the  Council has expressed an interest in setting forth stringent guidelines that must be achieved in order for Orange Cove to allow nonmedical cannabis storefronts to operate within the City. This ordinance would amend the Municipal Code to require that four (4) affirmative votes of the Council, as well as voter approval, must occur before nonmedical This is the second reading of the ordinance. If the ordinance is approved, it will become  cannabis can be allowed in the City. effective thirty (30) days from today.  FISCAL IMPACT: None. None.  CONFLICT OF INTEREST:  Prepared by: City Attorney REVIEW: City Manager: TYPE OF ITEM:  Approved by: Megan Crouch  Finance:  City Attorney: Public Hearing Other Continued to:  COUNCIL ACTION: APPROVED DENIED NO ACTION  Consent Info Item Action Item Department Report Redevelopment Agency  Matter Initiated by a Council Member    ORDINANCE: NO. 399  AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF ORANGE COVE AMENDING SECTION 8.70.140, RELATING TO NONMEDICAL CANNABIS, OF  THE CITY OF ORANGE COVE MUNICIPAL CODE.  THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF ORANGE COVE DOES ORDAIN AS  FOLLOWS: SECTION1. as follows:  Amendment of 8.70.140 - Commercial nonmedical marijuana  businesses prohibited. Section 8.70.140 of the Orange Cove Municipal Code is added to read  8.70.140 - Commercial nonmedical marijuana businesses prohibited. Commercial nonmedical marijuana businesses are prohibited in the city, It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in, conduct, carry on, or to permit to be engaged in, conducted or carried on, in or upon any premises in the city, a commercial nonmedical marijuana business. Should the City Council wish to remove the above prohibition, it will require four (4) affirmative votes oft the City Council as well as approval by the registered voters of the City at a  regularly scheduled election.  SECTION: 3. Severability. If any part of this Ordinance is held to be invalid for any reason, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Ordinance, and the City Council hereby declares that it would have passed the remainder of this Ordinance, as if  such invalid portion thereofhad been deleted.  SECTION 4. This ordinance shall take effect thirty (30) days after its passage.  SECTION 5. The City Clerk is hereby ordered and directed to certify the passage of this Ordinance and to cause the same to be published once in a newspaper of general circulation, I,Cynthia Cisneros, City Clerk for the city of Orange Cove do hereby certify that the foregoing Ordinance was introduced at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Orange Cove held on the 23rd day of October 2024, and passed and adopted at a regular meeting of the City  published in the County of Fresno.  Council held on the 23rd day of October 2024, by the following vote, to wit:  (Signatures on following page)    AYES: NOES:  COUNCIL MEMBERS: COUNCIL MEMBERS:  ABSTAIN: COUNCIL MEMBERS: ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS:  APPROVED:  Diana Guerra-Silva, Mayor  ATTEST:  Cynthia Cisneros, City Clerk  2