Annual Drinking Water Quality Report  Town ofBuchanan  INTRODUCTION  This Annual Drinking Water Quality Report for calendar year 2021 is designed to provide you with valuable information about your drinking water quality. We are committed toj providing you with a safe and dependable supply of drinking water, and we want you to understand the efforts wei make to protect your water supply. The quality of your drinking water meets all state and federal requirements administered by the Virginia Department If you have questions about this report, want additional information about any aspect of your drinking water, or want to know how toj participate in decisions that may affect the quality of your drinking water, please contact:  of Health (VDH).  Susan McCulloch, Town Manager (540): 254-1212  GENERALINVORMATION  As water travels over the surface oft the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity. Substances (referred to as contaminants) in source water may come from septic systems, discharges from domestic or industrial wastewater treatment facilities, agricultural and farming activities, urban stormwater: runoff, residential uses, and many other types of activities. Water from surface sources is treated to make it drinkable while groundwater All drinking water, including bottled drinking water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information can be obtained by calling thel Environmental Protection Agency's Safe Drinking Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immune- compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. EPA/CDC guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by cryptosporidium and other microbiological contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791).  may or may not have any treatment.  Water Hotline (800-426-4791).  SOURCES AND TREATMENT OF YOUR DRINKING WATER  Your drinking water is groundwater currently obtained from four wells. Water is distributed throughout the system from one concrete: reservoir, two storage tanks, three booster pumping stations, and the distribution piping. Two of the wells are filtered through ai membrane treatment system before entering the system. Disinfection treatment is  provided for all wells.  SOURCE WATER ASSESSMENTS  As source water assessment has been completed by VDH. The assessment determined that the wells may be susceptible to contamination because they arel located in areas that promote. migration of contaminants with land use activities of concern. More specific information may be obtained by contacting the number listed above.  1    QUALITY OF YOUR: DRINKING WATER  Your drinking water is routinely monitored according to Federal and State Regulations for a variety of contaminants. The tables that follow show the results of our monitoring for the period of. January 1, 2021 Most oft the results int the table are fromi testing done in 2021. However, the state allows us to monitor for some contaminants less than oncej per year because the concentrations of these contaminants do not change frequently.  through December 31,2021.  Some of our data, though accurate, is more than one year old.  DEFINITIONS  In the table and elsewhere in this report you will find many terms and abbreviations you might not be familiar with. The following definitions are provided tol help you better understand these terms: Action Level (AL): The concentration ofa contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other Level1 Assessment: A Level 1 Assessment is a study of the water system toi identify potential problems and Level 2 Assessment: Al Level 2 Assessment is a very detailed study oft the water system toi identify potential problems and determine, ifpossible, why an E-coli MCL violation has occurred and/ or why total coliform Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): Thel highest level ofa contaminant thati is allowed: in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to thel MCLGS asi feasible using the best available treatment technology. Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level ofa contaminant in drinking water below which therei is no known or expected risk tol health. MCLGS allow for ai margin ofsafety. Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level (MRDL): The highest level ofa disinfectant allowed: in drinking water. Therei is convincing evidence that addition ofa disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal (MRDLG): The level ofa drinking water disinfectant below which therei is no known or expected risk tol health. MRDLGS do not reflect the benefits oft the use of  requirements which a water system must follow.  determine, ifpossible, why total coliform! bacteria have been found in our water system.  bacteria have been found in our water system on multiple occasions.  contaminants.  disinfectants to control microbial contamination. noticeable to the average person.  Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) : A measure of the clarity of water. Turbidity in excess of51 NTUi isj just  Non-detects (ND): The substance was not found by laboratory analysis.  Parts per billion (ppb) or Micrograms per liter (ug/L): Onej part per billion corresponds to one minute in Parts per million (ppm) or Milligrams per liter (mg/L): Onej part per million corresponds to one: minute: in  2,000 years, or a single penny in $10,000,000. two years or a single penny: in $10,000.  Picocuries per liter (pCi/L): A measure oft the radioactivity in water.  Treatment Technique (TT): A required process intended to reduce thel level ofa contaminant in drinking  water.  2    WATER QUALITY RESULTS INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS  Contaminant (Unit) Barium (ppm) Nitrate (ppm) Contaminant (Unit) Alpha emitters (pCi/L) Beta emitters (pCi/L) Combined Radium (pCi/L) Contaminant (Unit) Lead (ppb) Copper (ppm) Contaminant (Unit) Total Trihalomethanes (ppb) Haloacetic Acids NA (ppb) Contaminant (Unit) Chlorine (ppm) Contaminant (Unit) Turbidity (NTU)  MCLG MCL 2 10  Level Found Well 1:0.061 Well 2: 0.057 Wells 3&4:0.042 Well 1:ND Well2:0.30 Wells 34 &4 4:0.55 Level Found Well 1:-2.0 Well 2:2.2 Wells 3 &4 4:ND Well 1:-0.11 Well 2: 5.0 Wells3 3&4 4:2.18 Well 1:0.98 Well 2: 0.96 Wells 3 & 4: 0.60** LEAD AND COPPER 90th percentile 1.7 0.078 Level Found 3.0 (ND-4.2) 7.0 (ND-22) DISINFECTION RESIDUAL Level Found (Range) 1.11 (0.92-1.25) TURBIDITY  Violation Sample No No  Typical Source of Contamination Discharge of drilling 2021 wastes; Discharge from metal refineries; Erosion of natural deposits Runoff from fertilizer use; 2021 Leaching from septic tanks, sewage; Erosion ofnatural deposits Typical Source of Contamination  Date  2 10  RADIOLOGICAL CONTAMINANTS  MCLG MCL 0 0 0  Violation Sample No No No  Date 2016 2016 Erosion of natural deposits 2021 2016 Decay ofr natural andi man- 2016 2021 made deposits 2016 2016 Erosion oft natural deposits 2018 Date  15 50* 5  MCLG MCL  Exceedance Sample No No  Typical Source of Contamination Corrosion ofl household 2019 plumbing systems; Erosion ofnatural deposits Corrosion of household 2019 plumbing systems; Erosion ofnatural deposits Typical Source of Contamination 2021 By-product of drinking water chlorination 2021 By-product of drinking water chlorination Typical Source of Contamination Monthly Water additive used to control microbes Date of Typical Source Sample Contamination 2021 Soil runoff  0 ALé15 Nos samples exceeded the AL. 1.3 AL=1.3 Nos samples exceeded the AL.  DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS  MCLG MCL NA  Violation Sample No No  Date  80 60  MRDLG MRDL 4  Violation Sample No Lowest <0.3NTU 100%  Date  4  MCLG MCL Highest Level Found Monthly % Violation  of  NA  TT2  Wells38 &4:0.22  No  3    UNREGULATED CONTAMINANTS  Contaminant (Unit) Sodium (ppm)  MCLG MCL NA  Level Found Well 1:2.23 Well2:8.2 Wells3&4:3.18  Exceedance Sample NA  Typical Source of Contamination Erosion of natural deposits; 2021 De-icing salti runoff; Water softeners  Date  NA  1Turbidityi is ai measure oft the cloudiness oft the water. Wer monitor itb because itisa a goodi indicator of our water quality and the 2 Turbidity" TT= =1 1NTUI Max; <0.31 NTUi in atl least 95% ofalls samples tested. 99.3% of thes samples were below the TT value of0.3.A value less than! 95% constitutes a7 TT violation. The highest single measurement was 0.29.. Any measurement ine excess oflisa Thel MCL1 for beta particlesi is4 41 mrem/yr. EPA considers 50j pCI/L to bei thel level of concern for beta particles. ** Ifther results ofthe2 2021 Gross Alphal Emitters had been above 5j pCi/L, our system would! have been requiredt to do additional testing for radium. Because thei results were below 5p pCi/L, not testing fori radium was required. We constantly monitor for various contaminants in the water supply to meet all regulatory requirements. The table lists only those contaminants that had some level of detection. Many other contaminants have been Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLS) are set at very stringent levels by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In developing the standards, EPA assumes that the average adult drinks 2 liters of water each day throughout a 70-year life span. EPA generally sets MCLs at levels that will result in no adverse health effects for some contaminants or ao one-in-ten-thousand to one-in-a-million chance of! having the described health effect Sodium - There is presently no established standard for sodium in drinking water. An EPA advisory recommends water containing 30 to 60 mg/L should not be used as drinking water due to esthetics such as taste and color. Water containing more than 20 mg/L should not be used by persons whose physician has placed Ifpresent, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. The Town of Buchanan is responsible for providing high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used inj plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791) or at  effectiveness oft the filtration process. violation unless otherwise: approved by the state.  RESULTS INFORMATION  analyzed but were not present or werel below the detection limits of the lab equipment.  for other contaminants.  them on severely restricted sodium diets. LEADINFORMATION  htp:/vww.pa.govsafewater/lead. VIOLATION INFORMATION Water Quality Violations - None Monitoring and Reporting Violations - None Department ofHealth. Please call ifyoul have questions. Signature: Svigilek  This Drinking Water Quality Report was prepared by the town with the assistance and approval of the Virginia  Date: Washy  4