Draft: January 18, 2019 (Revised)  Town of Kill Devil Hills  CAMA Land Use Plan Update  DEVIL  Birthplaceo Aviation s CAROY  hclp  LANN    TABLE OF CONTENTS  SECTION1. INTRODUCTION  Plan Purpose. Planning Process. Development of the CAMA Land Use Plan. Regional Setting and Context... History. Past Planning Efforts Plan Overview. Vision Statement Introduction, Population.  1-1 1-1 1-2 1-2 1-4 1-8 1-8 1-9 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-8 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-1 3-2 3-4 3-4 3-8 3-10 3-12 3-12 Page TC-1  SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE Regional Permanent Population Seasonal Population. Population by Age... Educational. Attainment. Housing. Housing Unit by Type.. Housing Unit by Age.. Housing Units by Tenure.. Property" Tax Rates... Median Tax Value. Economic: Data. Labor Force... Employment by Industry. Income. Local Economic Indicators Summary.. Population Housing. Economic Data.. Introduction. Natural Systems. Climate, Geography and Topography Flood Zones.. Storm Surge Inundation. Hazard Mitigation and Preparation. Soils Surface Waters Areas of Environmental Concern. CAMA Land Use Plan  SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shoreline (AEC).  1/18/2019    TABLE OF CONTENTS  Public Trust Waters - Waters and Beaches...  3-13 3-14 3-15 3-15 3-17 3-17 3-19 3-19 3-21 3-21 3-21 3-21 3-21 3-22 3-22 3-24 3-24 3-24 3-24 3-25 3-25 3-25 3-25 3-25 3-25 3-27 3-27 3-28 3-28 3-29 3-29 3-30 3-31 3-31 3-31 3-33 3-33 3-33 3-34 3-34 3-34 3-35 3-35 3-35 3-35  Coastal Wetlands. Non-Coastal Wetlands. Inlet Hazard. Areas Beach Nourishment. Fragile Areas Slopes in Excess of12%. Areas of Resource Potential. Regionally Significant Parks. Marinas and Mooring Fields. Floating Homes or Structures Shellfishing Waters. Aquaculture. Water Quality. Community Facilities. Health Care Resources Medical Facilities.. Dare County Health Department. Police Department. Patrol Division. Criminal Investigations Division.. Animal Control. Fire Protection and Emergency Medical Services.. Fire Protection Ocean Rescue Division Emergency Medical Services Dare MedFlght... Emergency Management. Parks, Recreation, and Open Space. Public. Access... Parks. Afterschool Program Fresh Pond. Historic Properties Water System. Sewer System Natural Gas. Solid Waste.. Street Maintenance. Administration, Existing Land Use... Introduction Methodology Commercial Page TC-2  Ocean Beaches/Shorelines and Areas of Excessive Erosion..  Primary Nursery. Areas, Anadromous Fish Spawning Areas, Submerged Aquatic Vegetation,  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    TABLE OF CONTENTS  Industrial. Office & Institutional. Mixed Use. Multi-Family Residential. Single-Family Residential. Recreational. Vacant/Unimproved. Existing Land Use Map.. Zoning and Vacant Parcels. Appraised Value Per. Acre... Summary. Natural Systems. Community Facilities Existing Land Use. Introduction. Population Projections. Parks and Recreation. Water System.. Sewer System... Street Maintenance. Town-Maintained Streets. State-Maintained Streets. Multi-Modal Transportation. Stormwater Management, Beach Nourishment. Summary.. Introduction. Future Land Use Map. Methodology Future Land Use Categories Commercial Residential.. Conservation Industrial. Government and Public Institutional Future Land Use Acreages.  3-35 3-36 3-36 3-36 3-37 3-37 3-37 3-38 3-40 3-43 3-44 3-44 3-45 3-45 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-2 4-3 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-6 4-6 4-7 4-9 4-9 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-3 5-3 5-3  SECTION 4. PROIECTIONS/FUTURE DEMAND Future Community Facilities and Services Needs. Public Safety (Police and Fire Departments).  SECTION 5. FUTURE LAND USE  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page TC-3    TABLE OF CONTENTS  SECTION 6. GOALS AND IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES  Introduction. Public Input. Project Website. Public Meetings.. Goals.  6-1 6-2 6-2 6-3 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6 6-6 6-8 6-10 6-13 6-14 7-1 7-1 7-1 7-3 7-4 1-3 3-3 3-5 3-6 3-9 3-11 3-16 3-20 3-26 3-32 3-39 3-42 5-4 2-1 2-3 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-7  Policies Regarding Land Use and Development in AECS Land Use Plan Management Topics. Public. Access. Land Use Compatibility. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity. Natural Hazards. Water Quality, Local Areas of Concern..  SECTION7.1 TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT  Guide for Land' Use Decision Making. Existing Management: Program Continuing Planning Process. Land' Use Plan Amendments Citizen Participation. MAPS  Map 1. Regional Location.. Map 2. Flood Hazard Areas. Map 3. Fast Moving SLOSH Map 4. Slow Moving SLOSH Map 5. Soils. Map 6. Water Quality and. Aquatic Life, Map 7. Wetlands. Map 8. NHP Natural Areas and NC: Protected Lands. Map 9. Community Facilities Map 10. Historic Properties Map 11, Existing Land Use. Map 12. Zoning. Map 13. Future Land Use.. TABLES  Table 1. Regional Population Growth, 1980-2016. Table 2. Killl Devil Hills Age Distribution, 2016. Table 3. Educational Attainment, 2016.. Table 4. Housing Units by Type, 2016.. Table. 5. Year Structure Built, 2016.. Table 6. Median Home Value, 2016.  Page TC-4  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    TABLE OF CONTENTS  Table 7. Kill Devil Hills Employment by Industry, 2016...  2-8 3-2 3-4 3-10 3-12 3-14 3-27 3-38 3-41 3-43 4-1 5-3  Table 8.1 Flood Hazard Areas. Table 9. Storm Surge Inundation Table 11. Waterbody Classifications. Table 12. Wetlands Table 13. Dare County EMS Stations Table 14. Existing Land Use. Table 15. Zoning. Table 16. Total Value Per Acre Table 17. 2035 Population Projections. Table 18. Future Land Use.. APPENDICES  Table 10.1 NCI Division of Water Resources Waterbody Classifications  Appendix A. Citizen Participation Plan Appendix D. Shellfishing Closures Appendix E. Recommended Street Improvements Appendix F. NCDOT. Level of Service Appendix G. Land Use Plan Survey - 2007 and 2017 Comparison Appendix H. Future Land Use Vacant Parcels  Appendix B. Albemarle Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Mitigation Strategies  Appendix C. Endangered Species, Threatened Species, Federal Species of Concern, and Candidate Species  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page TC-5    SECTION 1. NTRODUCTION  PLAN PURPOSE  Thel Land Use] Plani isi intended to provide a framework that will guide Kill Devil Hills government officials, respective Town Boards, and private citizens as they make day-to-day and long-term decisions affecting land use and development. The Land Usel Plan contains information about thej physical appearance of the Town of Kill Devil Hills as it exists today, what directions the' Town should take in the By serving as the overall "blueprint" for development of the' Town of Kill Devill Hills, the implementation oft thel Land Usel Plan will result in the most suitable and appropriate use of land and provision of public services. Use of thel Plan willl lead to the protection of natural resources, as well as public health, safety, Thel Land Usel Plan focuses on the physical development of the' Town of Kill Devil Hills. Itcontains policy statements established through thei identification of community goals (broad statements describing the value of thé community) and implementing actions (i.e., actions tol be taken to fulfill community goals and to implement policies). Thel Plan is general, or "broad brush," in that its recommendations are area- wide, rather than sites specific. The Land Usel Plan is also comprehensive in that it includes all areas of the Town, as well as all elements that affect its physical development (such as population trends,  future, and the steps that need tol be taken to get there.  and welfare.  environmental features, utilities, transportation, and housing).  PLANNING PROCESS  What is CAMA?  Thel land use planning process will result int the adoption of an official CAMA Land Usel Plani for Kill Devil Hills. This planning process willl be considered an update to the Town's existing CAMA Land Usel Plan, initially adopted in 1997. Al Land Usel Plan is a long-range policy document with aj particular time horizon - fifteen years in the case of Kill Devil Hills. The plan willi include an assessment of existing conditions, a summary of public input, projection of future needs for topics relating tol land use and development, and a comprehensive listing of goals, policies, and strategies. Because the Town of Kill Devil Hillsi is located in one of North Carolina's twenty Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) counties, the plan will also address issues relating specifically to coastal growth and development.  CAMA is the North Carolina Coastal Area Management Act (NCGS 113A-100, et seq.), which establishes a cooperative program of coastal area management between local and state governments. The Act, originally passed in 1974 and since amended, states that local governments shall have the initiative for planning, while thes state government establishes areas of environmental concern. With regard to planning, thes state government is directed to act primarily ina supportive, standard- setting, and review capacity, except ins situations where local governments do not elect to exercise their initiative. Ina addition, CAMA establishes the Coastal Resources Commission within the Department of Environmental Quality, whose duties include approval of Coastal Habitat Protection Plans and designation of Areas of Environmental Concern (AEC). After designation of these areas, the Commission is responsible fori issuing all permits. Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Coastal Services Center.  NC Counties Covered by CAMA CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 1-1    SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION  Inl North Carolina, al Land Use, or Comprehensive, Plan is thel legal foundation for development regulations. While the CAMA Land Use Plani is not a regulatory document, it does provide guidance relating toi future! land use and development changes. Additionally, regulatory permits must be issued by thel NCI Department of Environmental Quality regarding all development within. Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs), which must be consistent with the policies in this plan. Specifically, the plan should be used whenever zoning decisions are: made by the Planning Board and/or Board of Commissioners. More detail relating to these specifics is contained in the concluding section of the plan.  The following is included as part of the CAMA land use planning process:  Community and Demographic Profile Assessment of) Existing Conditions Future Land Use and Transportation Needs Goals and Implementing Strategies  Projection of] Future Population and Supporting Infrastructure Needs  DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAMA LAND USE PLAN  Thel Killl Devil Hills Board of Commissioners adopted a citizen participation plan (CPP) at the outset of the project (see Appendix A). The Town's Planning Board was tasked with providing oyersight during the development of the CAMA Land Use Plan. The Planning Board: members are listed below.  Howard Buchanan, Chair James C. "Chip" Almoney, Vice Chair Nelson "Skip" Jones, Jr. Michael Lowack Ron Seidman Mary Simpson Eddie Valdivieso  REGIONAL: SETTING AND CONTEXT  The! Town of Killl Devil Hills is located along a stretch of barrier islands known as the Outer Banks. The Outer Banks isa a 200-mile-long (3201 km) string of barrier islands and splits off the coast of North Carolina and southeastern Virginia, on the east coast of the United States. It covers most of thel North Carolina coastline, separating the Currituck Sound, Albemarle Sound, and Pamlico Sound from the Atlantic Kill Devil Hills is located along the stretch between the Town of Nags Head and the' Town of Kitty Hawk. The Town can be accessed from both the north and south via US 158 and NCI Highway 12, which travels the full extent of the Outer Banks. The Town's corporate. limits include approximately 4.71 miles of oceanfront shoreline. Aside from US 158 and NCI Highway 12, the majority of the Town is served by town-owned public rights-of-way. Map: 1 provides the regional location for Kill Devil Hills.  Ocean.  Page 1-2  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    Map 1. Regional Location  Currituck Camden Pasquotank Perquimans  Gates  Hertford  Bertie Chowan  Washington Tyrrell Dare  Beaufort  Hyde  Craven  Pamlico  Onslow  Carteret  E  Pender  KittyHawk  AtlanticOcean  New/Hanover  Kitty HawkBay  Brunswick  1 Collington Island  Albemarle Sound  0510 20 30 40  Nagslead  Miles    SECTION 1. NTRODUCTION  HISTORY  1700s and 1800s  The area known as Kill Devil Hills was originally inhabited by Native Americans and later by a small group of local farmers and  fishermen.  Image Source: Town of Killl Devil Hills.  1808-1 1814  The town's 's name first appeared on an 1808 map, where it was shown as "Killdevil Hills. ", Amap printed in 1814 displayed the name as "Kill Devil Hills" for the first time. The name originates from as series of sand dunes int the ared, the largest of which was referred to as Kill Devil Hill.  1878  The US Life Saving Station, one of 11 lifesaving stations along the Outer Banks coastline, is established in Kill Devil Hills across from the present day site of the Wright Brothers National Memorial.  [USLIPE SAVINO  Image Source: NPS Historical Handbook.  Page 1-4  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 1. NTRODUCTION  1900  The Ohio-based Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, choose the area as the location to test their newj flying machines. First attempts at flying their manned glider from the tall soundside dunes proved unsuccessful.  Image Source: nongtontnicon  1901-1902  The Wright brothers returned in the summer of 1901 with a second glider making several dozen test flights, with mixed results. Bys September of 1902, they were back at Kill Devil Hills with a new glider, not much larger than the last one, but redesigned based on their growing knowledge of  derodynamics.  December17, 1903  Wilbur and Orville Wright make four brief flights at Kill Devil Hills with their first powered aircraft. Thej final flight traveled 852 feet in 59 seconds.  Image Source:  AtP/ww.amAse/Pp/mutimele/IB  1911  Orville Wright returns to Kill Devil Hills and sets a new world glider record, with a total airtime of9  minutes and 45 seconds.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 1-5    SECTION 1. NTRODUCTION  1927  Calvin Coolidge signs a bill which grants $50,000 for the construction of the Wright Brothers Memorial. Construction starts on the  memorial in 1928.  Image Source: tps/www.nationelerks.or/explbre perks/wrighterother-nnatlone-memerlel.  1932 attendance.  The Wright Brothers Memorial opens to the public and is dedicated with Orville Wright in  1933  The Kill Devil Hills Life Saving Station is closed. Itis later purchased in 1986 andi moved to Corolla to  serve as an office.  1953  to HILIS OF MODERN AVIATICN  The Town of Kill Devil Hills is officially  incorporated.  BIRTHPLACE in Gus  Image Source: a/mmiematee banks/Hlldevi-hills/WXWA2ITHHPXIUPIVgL  Page 1-6  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 1. NTRODUCTION  1953  The Wright Brothers Memorial is transitioned into a National Park. Tworeplica gliders are constructed at a new Visitors' Center to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Wright Brothers' flight.  A  Image Source: Town of! Killl Devil Hills.  1958  The Avalon Fishing Pier is constructed, becoming one of thej first piers along the  CVETSINGRE  Outer Banks.  Image Source: Ips/wwwouerponscom/AI-deV  hills.html.  1960s and families.  Numerous motels and restaurants are built to accommodate the new "beach traffic" off fishermen  2003  Kill Devil Hills celebrates the Centennial of Flight - a week-long celebration with many noted visitors in attendance including Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Chuck Yeager,John Glenn, and President George W. Bush.  Image Source: ttps/www.gettymoges.com/event/Hl-devl-hils: continues-celebratingelintilghtentennl@/-2815961.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 1-7    SECTION 1. NTRODUCTION PAST PLANNING EFFORTS  As part of the) planning process, past policy documents, capital improvements plans, and CAMA Land Usel Plans were analyzed fors significant findings related to Kill Devil Hills' future. These past planning efforts help toj provide al broader sense of understanding for thei issues facing Kill Devil Hills today. The following planning projects were utilized to gather information, research past public input priorities, and  understand growth and development that has occurred over thej past two decades.  2015. Albemarle Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Killl Devil Hills Zoning Ordinance (Chapter 153) Kill Devil Hills Subdivision Ordinance (Chapter 152) 2010 Killl Devil Hills Stormwater Management Ordinance Kill Devil Hills Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance (Chapter 151) 1998 Killl Devil Hills Shoreline Access Plan 2004 Killl Devil Hills Recreational Facilities! Plan 2012 Killl Devil Hills Pedestrian Plan 2003 Killl Devil Hills Street Improvement Master Plan 1997 Killl Devil Hills CAMA Land Use Plan 2017 CAMA Land Usel Plan Survey.  PLAN OVERVIEW  Thel Killl Devil Hills CAMA Land Usel Plan Update is divided into six independent components that focus on various aspects of the community. The following provides al brief synopsis of what will be addressed  within each plan element: Section 1.1 Introduction  This) plan element provides a general overview of the plan, planning process, and enabling legislation regarding the establishment and use of comprehensive/land use plans in local government decision-  making.  Section 2. Community Profile  This section provides a general ovérview of existing conditions in the! Town of Kill Devil Hills with regard to population, housing age and condition, and economic indicators. This section serves as al basic overview of the Town's current state of affairs and as a baseline for discussion regarding growth,  development, and public policy. Section 3.1 Existing Conditions  This plan element focuses on existing environmental and land use conditions throughout Kill Devil Hills' planning jurisdiction, including environmental factors, facilities and services, transportation, land use/suitability, and neighborhoods. Thisi information provides the data and analysis necessary to make  sound decisions regarding development of the Town's Future Land Use Map.  Section 4.1 Future Demand/Projections  This section of the plan focuses on future growth and demand which may have an: impact on land use and transportation. Citizen: input garnered as a result of thej plani is also summarized int this section.  Page 1-8  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 1. NTRODUCTION  Additionally, thel Future Land Use discussion defines the framework for future growth and development  throughout the Town of Kill Devil Hills. Section 5. Goals and Implementing Actions  The discussion of goals, policies, and strategies will serve. as a guide for thei integration of the CAMA Land Use Plan into the Town's day-to-day decision-making: process. The goals and policies defined within this plan element will establish an organized and thorough listing of implementation strategies intended toj provide for sound principles relating to future growth, economic development, environmental. factors, modifications of service delivery, and infrastructure expansion.  Section 6. Tools for Managing Development process concerning future land use. VISION STATEMENT  This section of the plan provides narrative and tools for implementing the strategies outlined in Section 5. oft the plan. Itisi intended that this document be an: integral part of the Kill Devil Hills decision-making  Kill Devil Hills is, and will continue to be, a community:  rich in history and tradition; environmentally conscious; community;  mixing attributes of a vacation beach destination while maintaining attributes of a year-round characterized by a variety of residential development types (including vacation homes, traditional homes, and multi-family) and a variety of commercial establishments to serve year- possessing undisturbed natural areas such as Fresh Pond and the Maritime Forest, as well as with major tourist attractions including the) Wright Brothers National Memorial, the. Atlantic Ocean, and the waters of Kitty) Hawk Bay, Albemarle Sound, and Roanoke Sound.  round residents and seasonal visitors;  the nationally significant Wright Brothers National Memorial; and,  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 1-9    SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE  INTRODUCTION  The Community Profile section outlines various demographic information, including population, housing, and economic indicators. Throughout this section, data for the North Carolina beach towns of Nags Head and) Emerald Isle are utilized for comparison purposes. The Town of Nags Head was chosen because oft the community's close proximity to Killl Devill Hills. Growth trends within surrounding communities often have an impact on municipal service delivery inl Kill Devil Hills due to the close proximity of the towns along the Outer Banks and the frequency ofs seasonal and transient visitors. The Town of Emerald Isle was selected due to the community's comparable location along as stretch of barrier islands ins southeastern North Carolina with similar demographic characteristics to Kill Devil Hills. In spite of the fact that these two communities are: significantly separated geographically, the towns face many of the same challenges with regard to a range of issues, including economic development, shoreline For thej purposes of this plan and for the sake of consistency, demographic data are sourced primarily from the US Census Bureau. Census data may alsol be supplemented with figures from thel NC Office of State Budget and Management (NCOSBM). It should be noted that unless otherwise expressly mentioned, all data and figures reference permanent: residents. Detailed demographic information: is not available fors seasonal residents through the US Census Bureau or the NCOSBM.  protection, and. Areas of Environmental Concern (AECs) protection.  POPULATION  Regional Permanent Population  Population growth throughout the central Outer Banks has been substantial since the early 1980s; however, a majority of this population influx occurred between 1980 and 2000. Kill Devil Hills' permanent population in 2016: is significantly higher than other Outer Banks communities, and it should ber noted that Kill Devil Hills experienced the second highest rate of growth in relation to other Outer Banks communities since 1980 (315.8%). Between the years 1980 and 2000, the Town's) permanent population increased significantly at a rate of 252.9%, and by another 17.8% between the years of 2000 Table 1 provides the population of several Outer Banks communities;, as well as other regional municipalities that provide services and workforce housing for the thriving commercial economy present  and 2016.  during summer months.  Table 1. Regional Population Growth, 1980-2016  1980 941 14,007 865 1,671 849 902 1,020 520  1990 1,938 14,292 2,434 4,238 1,937 991 1,838 1,447  2000 1,781 17,188 3,488 5,897 2,991 1,052 2,700 2,201 1/18/2019  2010 1,495 18,683 3,655 6,683 3,272 1,434 2,757 2,714  2016 1,671 18,025 3,709 6,948 3,403 1,638 2,858 2,827  % Growth/Decline 1980-2016 77.6% 28.7% 328.8% 315.8% 300.8% 81.6% 180.2% 443.7%  Municipality Atlantic Beach Elizabeth City Emerald Isle Kill Devil Hills Kitty Hawk Manteo Nags Head Southern Shores Source: US Census Bureau. CAMA Land Use Plan  Population Population Population Population Estimate  Page 2-1    SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE  As1 noted in' Table 1, thej permanent population in Killl Devil Hills rapidly increased beginning int the mid- tol late 1970s intot the 1980s and early 1990s. This growth can be mainly attributed to the proliferation of municipal infrastructure that was constructed over this same period oft time. Prior to 1980, transportation to1 many portions of Kill Devil Hills, as well as the Outer Banks at large, was limited. Development of this key infrastructure provided the opportunity for expanded housing stock and commercial growth focused  on serving the transient tourist population.  Seasonal Population  Because demographic data is collected only for permanent: residents, it can be difficult to determine the precise number ofs seasonal residents that are! located in a givenj jurisdiction at any given time. Peak day population was calculated by adding the' Town's total 2016! permanent population tot the total seasonal  rental housing population plus day visitors and hotel occupancy figures.  Seasonal Rental Housing Population  Permanent Population  Hotel Occupancy  DayVisitors  PeakDay Population  6,948 Sources:  20,844  4,108  3,952  35,852  Permanent. Population: Total 2016 population as reported by the us Census Bureau = 6,948. Seasonal Rental Housing Population: Estimated. number ofs seasonal rental units 3,474 (91.2% of total 2016 vacant housing units [3,809] as reported by the us Census Bureau) X 61 persons per unit = 20,844. Hotel Occupancy: Total number of available rooms: inj Kill Devil Hills (1,027). X an average of4 4 persons Day Visitors: Total number of public access parking spaces (494) X an average of4 persons per car Xa  per room = 4,108.  daily usage of2 cars per space per day = 3,952.  Population by Age  Typically, beach communities have a higher median age than mainland communities. This occurrence is due to thel large retirement age population that typically résides in coastal municipalities. However, in Kill Devil Hills, thisi is not the case. The Town's median age of 38.7i is directly in line with the state's overall median age (37.0). The Town's lower median age can be attributed to several factors, including its longstanding history as a regional commercial center along the Outer Banks and the various types of housing stock which provide more economically priced housing options for many portions of the Outer Banks. Kill Devil Hills compares favorably with other beach communities mentioned in the plan with regard to median age, including Nags Head (43), Atlantic Beach (50.7), and Emerald Isle (52.5).  Page. 2-2  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE  According to the US Census Bureau, the Baby Boomer" age cohort accounts for thel largest percentage of Killl Devil Hills' population (26.8%); however, roughly 65% of the' Town's population is currently 49 years old or younger. This factor differs slightly from North Carolina'sa age distribution as a whole, whose "Baby Boomer" age cohort accounts for only 20% of the population. Again, this demographic reiterates the fact that Kill Devil Hills serves as a "bedroom community" serving the economy of the Outer Banks.  Table 2. Kill Devil Hills Age Distribution, 2016 Defined Generation Silent Generation (Older than 70) Baby Boomers (50-69) Generation: X( (35-49) Millennial (20-34) Generation Z( (Younger than 20) Source: US Census Bureau. Educational Attainment  2016 522 1,864 1,493 1,404 1,665  % of Population 7.5% 26.8% 21.5% 20.2% 24.0%  The overall educational attainment of a given community can be a significant indicator in economic mobility and socioeconomic status. Most coastal barrier island communities are comprised ofa population base with higher educational attainment. This factor can be attributed tot the significant number of residents moving into town with varied professional backgrounds. As of 2016, approximately 27.1% of Killl Devil Hills residents had either an. Associate's or Bachelor's Degree, which compares similarly tol North Carolina overall (27.9%). As with several other demographic categories, Kill Devil Hills educational attainment indicates aj population base focused on supporting the local economy. The percentage ofl high school graduates in Kill Devil Hills is slightly higher than the comparison communities, while iti is slightly lower in higher education (Associate's: and Bachelor's degrees).  Table 3. Educational Attainment, 2016 Population 25 years and over Less than gth grade gth to 12th grade, no diploma High school graduate (includes 1,274 equivalency) Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Graduate or professional degree Source: US Census Bureau.  Killl Devil Hills 4,871 177 158 1,601 446 874 341  Nags Head 2,248 32 46 412 601 326 580 251  Emerald Isle 3,019 16 97 642 488 385 723 667  Number %ofTotal Number %ofTotal Number %ofTotal  100.0% 3.6% 3.2% 26.2% 32.9% 9.2% 17.9% 7.0%  100% 1.4% 2.1% 18.3% 26.7% 14.5% 25.8% 11.2%  100% 0.5% 3.2% 21.3% 16.2% 12.8% 23.9% 22.1%  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page. 2-3    SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE  HOUSING  The discussion of housing includes a description of units by type, occupancy status, and year structure built. In Kill Devil Hills, as in other coastal municipalities, it is important to include discussion of vacant housing units that may be seasonally occupied, giving a greater understanding oft the conditions facing  the community during thej peak summer: months.  Housing Unit by Type  Ar majority of the' Town's housing stocki is comprised of single-family residential (SFR) housing. Asof 2016, approximately 85.1% of all units throughout the Town were classified as single-family. The number of single-family homes inl Kill Devil Hills has increased at a rate of 24.7%, resulting in 1,135 new units Thej percentage of single-family homes in the Town compares similarly to the other jurisdictions being utilized for comparison purposes. Killl Devil Hills, as well as Nags Head, maintains al healthy percentage ofs single-family housing units, while also supporting multi-family complexes which provide temporary housing for the area's 's transient population base. It should also be: noted that Kill Devil Hills maintainsa small percentage ofi its housing stock in manufactured. housing. Manufactured housing can be beneficial in coastal beach communities by providing an additional affordable housing choice. However, it should be noted that the proliferation ofi manufactured housing in such a dynamic weather environment such as  since the 2000 Census.  the Outer Banks can prove problematic in the event of hurricanes/tropical storms.  Table 4. Housing Units by Type, 2016 Units Total Units Single-Family Residential Units (includes duplexes) % of Single-Family Residential Multi-Family Residential Units %0 of Multi-Family Residential Manufactured Home Units* % of Manufactured Homes  Kill Devil Hills 6,743 5,735 85.1% 839 12.4% 169 2.5%  Nags Head 4,833 4,144 85.8% 640 13.2% 49 1.0%  Emerald Isle 6,721 4,718 70.2% 982 14.6% 1,021 15.2%  Manufactured home means a preassembled dwelling unit built on a chassis designed to be used as a dwelling, with or without a permanent; foundation, when connected: to the required utilities which meets HUD model: standards for manufactured homes. Previously  referred to as "mobile home." Source: US Census Bureau.  Page 2-4  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE  Kill Devil Hills % of Total Housing Units  2.5%  12.4%  - Single-Family Residential Multi-Family Residential Manufactured Homes  85,1%  Housing Unit by Age  Thel housing stock situated throughout: Kill Devil Hills' jurisdiction is fairly new. Approximately 68.2% ofl homes located in' Town have been built since 1980, while nearly 86% have been developed since 1970. This housing growth is comparable to other growth indicators showing that rapid development expansion followed the' Town's expansion of infrastructure and other central municipal services. The growth since 1980 is also inl line with the other towns being utilized for comparison. Since 1980, 73.5% of  homes havel been built in Nags Head and 74.7% in Emerald Isle.  Table 5.) Year Structure Built, 2016  Kill Devil Hills 52 11 900 1,058 2,576 1,166 489 264 93 134 6,743  Nags Head 0 10 771 1,175 1,597 874 128 124 108 46 4,833  Emerald Isle 15 40 1,081 1,819 2,061 1,334 226 131 9 5 6,721  Number %ofTotal Number %of Total Number %ofTotal  2014 or later 20101 to 2013 20001 to 2009 19901 to 1999 1980 to 1989 19701 to: 1979 19601 to 1969 19501 to 1959 19401 to 1949 1939 or earlier Total Source: US Census Bureau.  0.8% 0.1% 13.3% 15.7% 38.2% 17.3% 7.3% 3.9% 1.4% 2.0% 100.1%  0.0% 0.2% 16.0% 24.3% 33.0% 18.1% 2.6% 2.6% 2.2% 1.0% 100.0%  0.2% 0.6% 16.1% 27.1% 30.7% 19.8% 3.4% 1.9% 0.1% 0.1% 100.0%  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 2-5    SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE  Housing Unit by Tenure  Oft the approximately 6,743 housing units in Killl Devil Hills' corporate limits, nearly 56.5% (3,809). are considered vacant by the US Census Bureau. This percentage is much lower than most coastal beach towns in eastern North Carolina. This circumstance reiterates the fact that) Kill Devil Hills serves as al hub for services and housing geared towards serving the Outer Banks tourist economy.  Occupancy Status, 2016  80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0%  74.8%  72.5%  56.5% 43.5%  "Occupied Units Vacant Units  25.2%  27.5%  Kill Devil Hills  Nags Head  Emerald Isle  Property Tax Rates  For second homeowners, property tax rates can be a deterrent toi investment, purchase, or construction of vacation units. Property tax rates are based on thet total appraised value of land and buildings per $100 of value. Thej property tax rate in Kill Devil Hills is currently $0.381 per $100 valuation. The' Town's property tax ratei is slightly higher than the majority of coastal beach towns in eastern North Carolina, including the municipalities located along the Outer Banks. It should be: noted that Killl Devil Hills" property owners must also pay al Dare County taxi rate of $0.43 per $100 of] property valuation.  Property Tax Rates per $100 Valuation  FY2016-2017  Atlantic Beach Duck Elizabeth City Emerald. Isle Kill Devil Hills Kitty Hawk Manteo Nags Head Southern Shores Page. 2-6  $0.000 $0.100 $0.200 $0.300 $0.400 $0.500 $0.600 $0.700  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE  Median Home Value  In2 2016, the median home value in Killl Devil Hills was $234,900. This median. home value is approximately 65% higher than that of the state overall. Both Nags Head and Emerald Islel have al higher median home value to that of Killl Devil Hills. Home values are typically higher in coastal communities than in mainland communities due to thej presence of large vacation homes in close proximity to the  water. Municipality Kill Devil Hills Nags Head Emerald Isle North Carolina Source: US Census Bureau. ECONOMIC DATA  Table 6. Median Home Value, 2016  Amount $234,900 $341,800 $363,700 $157,100  Data related tol Kill Devil Hills' local economy is included on the following pages. Information detailing  thel labor force, employment by industry, and household income is provided.  Labor Force  According to US Census data, approximately 75% of] Kill Devil Hills' population aged 16) years and older are considered part of the labor force. This category consists mainly of workers involved in service delivery and public administration, establishing a workforce and infrastructure necessary to support the  area's rapidly fluctuating seasonal population base.  % of Population 16 Years & Over in the  Labor Force, 2016 67.2%  80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0%  75.0%  62.6%  52.8%  Killl Devil Hills  Nags Head  Emerald Isle  North Carolina  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page. 2-7    SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE  Employment by Industry  Inl Killl Devil Hills, the arts, entertainment, and: reration/acommodation and food services industry provides the greatest percentage of employment to residents. Nearly 27% oft the Town's employed population 16 years and over work in this industry, compared to 9.6% for the State. Other: industries employing most oft the' Town's workers include construction, retail trade, and professional, scientific, and  amgemem/Admnstratve and waste management services. Table 7. Kill Devil Hills Employment by Industry, 2016 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, & Mining  Industry Construction Manufacturing Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Transportation, Warehousing, & Utilities Information Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate Management Services  % of Employed Population Over: 16 Years  0.3% 11.0% 5.0% 3.1% 10.7% 2.2% 2.8% 9.5% 10.7% 8.9% 26.9% 2.6% 6.3%  Professional, Scientific, Management, Administrative, and Waste Educational Services, Health Care, and Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment, Recreation, Accommodation, & Food Service Other Services, Except Public Administration Public Administration Source: US Census Bureau. Income  For demographic purposes, income figures are calculated per household by the US Census Bureau. This figure includes the combined incomes of all people sharing aj particular household or place of residence. Median household income in Kill Devil Hills ($48,517) is roughly nineteen percent less than the  comparison communities of Nags Head and Emerald Isle.  Median Household Income, 2016  $70,000 $60,000 $50,000 $40,000 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $0 Page. 2-8  $61,106  $56,707  $48,517  $48,256  Kill Devil Hills  Nags Head  Emerald Isle 1/18/2019  North Carolina  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE  Local Economic Issues  In2007, the Town of Kill Devil Hills commissioned a survey and related report from the East Carolina University Center for Survey Research. This survey yielded the following issues/concerns regarding the  economic climate of the' Town. Employment Issues  Need more employment opportunities. Need higher paying jobs.  Need more recruitment for service jobs, i.e., teachers, police, etc.  Maintain good working conditions.  Industry/business  Sustain Kill Devil Hills' opportunity to become the center showplace oft thei island. It could be the cultural, commercial, and overall economic hub of the Outer Banks.  Increase. small manufacturing.  Keep year-round residents thriving by providing more: industry. Invite good high techi industry/business to: settle in Kill Devil Hills.  Economy (General)  Attract more tourists - for revenue to: support the Town. Enhance economic development/growtn. Support for the local economy.  Support the services and economy needed to maintain the Town.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 2-9    SECTION 2. COMMUNITY PROFILE  SUMMARY Population  Killl Devil Hills' permanent population has increased by 315.8% since 1980. Killl Devil Hills' estimated peak seasonal population is 35,852 persons. while roughly 27% have either an Associate's or Bachelor's degree.  Approximately 26.2% of Kill Devil Hills' residents have al high school diploma or equivalency,  Housing  Over 85% of thel housing stocki in] Killl Devil Hills is comprised of single-family dwellings. Approximately 68% of thel homes located within Kill Devil Hills' corporate limits have been built Within Kill Devil Hills, roughly 43.5% oft total housing units are occupied units, while the remaining 56.5% are vacant, most of which are available for rental use.  since 1980.  Economic Data  Within Killl Devil Hills, 75% oft the résident population 16 years and over is engaged in the labor Thel largest employer industry for residents of Kill Devil Hills is arts, entertainment, and The median household income for residents of Kill Devil Hills was reported as $48,517 in 2016.  force.  recreation, and accommodation & food service.  Page. 2-10  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  INTRODUCTION  Sound land development policies require a thorough understanding of the existing natural systems, land use patterns, transportation networks, and supporting community facilities and: services. The following existing conditions section. provides information and details pertaining to each oft these topics for the  Town of Kill Devil Hills. NATURAL SYSTEMS Climate  The climate inl Kill Devil Hills is dynamic and canj present fairly harsh conditions, especially during winter months. The Town's unique location along the North Carolina coastline makes the' Town vulnerable to heavy winds associated with hurricanes/tropical storms and: nor'easters. Overall, the Town has a temperate coastal environment with a year-round temperature average of 70 degrees Fahrenheit (F). Over the course of a typical year, the temperature ranges from 37 degrees F to 87 degrees  F. Other climate statistics include the following: Spring temperature averages 68 degrees F. Summer temperature averages 80 degrees F. Fall temperature averages 62 degrees F. Winter temperature averages 49 degrees F. Record low temperature -6 degrees F (December 1989). Record high temperature 103 degrees (June 1952).  A wet day is one with at least 0.04 inches of liquid or liquid-equivalent precipitation. The chance of wet days in Killl Devil Hills varies throughout the year. The wetter season lasts three months, from June 13t to September 12, with a greater than 36% chance ofa a given day being a wet day. The chance of a wet day peaks at 49% on. August 5. The drier season lasts nine months, from September 12 to] June 13, The According to thel National Weather Service, the water temperatures for Killl Devil Hills range from an  smallest chance of a wet day is 23% on October 31.  average of 56 degrees Finj January to 73 degrees Fin August.  Geography and Topography  The topography within two (2) miles of Kill Devil Hills is essentially flat, with a maximum elevation change of 90 feet and an average elevation above sea. level of 7 feet. Approximately 3 to 20 feet is generally the characteristic of the entire Outer Banks, with the exception of Jockey's Ridge (66 feet) in Nags Head. and the Wright Brothers Memorial (90 feet) in) Kill Devil Hills. Itshould be noted, however, that the Wright Brothers Memorial is a man-made structure and not natural topography, The' Town of Kill Devil Hills is located on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. As noted in Section 1, the Outer Banks is a 200-mile-long string of barrier islands along the coast of North Carolina and southeastern Virginia. The Outer Banks extends along most of thel North Carolina coastline, separating the Currituck Sound, Albemarle Sound, and Pamlico Sound from the Atlantic Ocean. Due to this unique landscape, Kill Devil Hills is nearly surrounded by water with the exception of the northern and southern  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-1    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  extents of Town. There are alsos several creeks and bays bordering the Town's estuarine shoreline  including: Blount Bay, Buzzard Bay, Colington Creek, and Kitty Hawk Bay.  Flood Zones  According to the 2006 flood maps, approximately 67% of the Town of] Kill Devil Hills is inundated by a Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA). This percentage does not include areas impacted by the X flood zone as described in Table 8. ASFHA is defined as al land area with a greater than 1% chance per year of flooding and is also known as a "floodplain." Special Flood Hazard Areas are: indicated on Flood Insurance Ratel Maps (FIRMs), which are considered the most reliable and consistent source: for delineating SFHAS and are the source used to determine whether or not thej purchase of flood: insurance SFHAS are broken into "AE" zones and" "VE" zones. "AE" zones, formerly known as the 100-year floodplain, are areas subject to risk of flooding by standing or relatively static flood waters, while "VE" zones are areas subject to wave action. "Shaded X" is a supplemental flood hazard area in which there is a0.2% annual chance of flooding, also known as the' "500-year floodplain." Land bordering the. Atlantic Ocean is most susceptible to wave inundation, whereas land bordering estuarine areas are most Approximately 60% of the Town's) planning jurisdiction is impacted by the. AE: zone, while only 7.2% is impacted by the VE: zone. These percentages are based on flood maps prepared by thel National Flood Insurance Program in 2006. These maps are currently being updated and could affect the acreages outlined in Table 8. The geographic location of each flood hazard area is displayed on) Map 2. Digital FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps are available for review at www.ncloodmapscom.  isn mandatory for developed properties with a mortgage.  susceptible to flooding/rising waters.  Table 8. Flood Hazard Areas Flood Zones X(0.2% Annual Chance) A AE VE Total  Acres 1,254.46 13.68 2,318.08 278,05 3,864.27  % of Town Acreage 32.46% 0.35% 59.99% 7.20% 100.00%  Source: Federal Emergency Management. Agency.  Page. 3-2  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    Map 2. Flood Hazard Areas  Legend  Dare County Killl Devil Hills Town Limits Fresh Pond Roads Flood Zones A AE VE X  Kitty Hawk Bay  Atlantic Ocean  Albemarle Sound  Oyster Paint  Blount Bay  Buzzard Bay  0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75 Source: FEMA Flood Maps (09/20/06)  Miles    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Storm Surge Inundation  Maps 3 and 4 display areas of Kill Devil Hills that may be impacted by al hurricane-generated storm surge based on the SLOSH (Sea, Land, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) model developed by thel National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which computes storm surge heights from tropical cyclones, such as hurricanes. The SLOSH model estimates the extent of storm surge inundation for "fast-moving" storms (forward velocity greater than 151 miles per hour) and for "slow- moving" storms (forward velocity less than 151 miles per  a  hour). Storm surge: inundation from a slow-moving storm Storms surge damage resulting from Hurricane would result in the greatest potential damage toj property in Matthew in: 2016 washed out the Beach Roadj just Killl Devil Hills. Approximately 86% of the' Town would be south oft the Black Pelican ink Kitty Hawk. Image  potentially impacted by a slow-moving Category 5 hurricane. The following tablej provides a summary of surge inundation for both fast- and slow-moving hurricanes.  Source: Matt Lusk Photography.  Table 9. Storm Surge Inundation Fast Moving Storm Category1&2 Category 3 Category4&5 Slow Moving Storm Category1&2 Category3 Category4&5  Acres 600.24 2,562.15 3,151.62 Acres 1,702.78 2,402.25 3,328.69  %of Town Acres 15.53% 66.30% 81.56% %of1 Town Acres 44.06% 62.16% 86.14%  Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric. Administration.  Hazard Mitigation and Preparation  The' Town of Kill Devil Hills falls under thej jurisdiction of the Albemarle Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan. This plan involves thej participation of Camden County, Chowan County, Currituck County, Dare County, Gates County, Hertford County, Pasquotank County, and Perquimans County. The plan identifies existing) land use patterns in relation to the existing built environment, including what measures should be taken to: reduce the risk of life and property throughout the Region as a result of natural hazard activity. Development: and update of this plani is a requirementi imposed by both the Federal (Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000) and State (NC Senate Bill 300) governments. The. Albemarle  Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan was certified by FEMA on May 12, 2015.  Page. 3-4  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    Map 3. Fast Moving SLOSH  Legend  Dare County Kill Devil Hills Town Limits Fresh Pond Roads Category 1/2 Category 3 Category 4/5  Kitty Hawk Bay  Albemarle Sound  Oyster Point  Atlantic Ocean  Blount Bay  Buzzard Bay  0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75  Miles  Source: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Association    Map 4. Slow Moving SLOSH  Legend  Dare County Kill Devil Hills Town Limits Fresh Pond Roads Category 1/2 Category 3 Category 4/5  Kitty Hawk Bay  Atlantic Ocean  Albemarle Sound  Oyster Point  Blount Bay  Buzzard Bay  0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75  Miles  Source: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  The following provides a listing of alll hurricane events that have impacted the' Town since 1996. The full Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan: is available for review at the) Kill Devil Hills Administration Building, or on the Town's website. Additionally, the mitigation strategies developed by Dare County and the Town of Kill Devil Hills through this process have been provided in Appendix B..  1996-Fran August: 23 September 10 Max wind Speed: 121 mph 1998 - Bonnie August 19 - August 31 Max Wind: Speed: 115 mph 1999 - Dennis August 24 September 8 Max Wind Speed: 104 mph 1999- -F Floyd September 7-5 September 19 Max Wind Speed: 155 mph 2003-Isabel September 7- September 29 Max Wind Speed: 160 mph  Landfall: Cape Fear No evacuations in Dare County Landfall; Cape Fear Category 3 at landfall 6-81 foot storm: surge Evacuation - all of Dare County Landfal!: Dare County 9/14/99 Tropical Storm at landfall 69 mph winds Evacuation - all of Dare County Estimated $10 million in damages Landfal!: Topsail Island 9/16/99 Category: 2 at landfall with 109 mph winds Evacuation - all of Dare County Landfal!: Drum Inlet 9/18/03 Evacuation - all of Dare County Estimated $400 million in damages Passed 100 miles off of1 the NC Coast Estimated $500,000 in damages Landfall just south of the Outer Banks Evacuation all of Dare County Significant flooding Estimated Damages: $54 million Significant road damage to NC: 12 in Kitty Hawk and Rodanthe 7-8i inches of rainfall Emergency ferry activation due to NC: 12 road damage Estimated Damages: $13+ million Category: 2 at landfall Earliest hurricane on record Landfall between Cape Lookout and Beaufort Mandatory evacuation issued for Hatteras Island Category1 1 atl landfall in South Carolina NWS reported rainfal! 9.53 inches Estimated damaged: $52.2 million  Category 3 at landfall with 115 mph winds and an 8-121 foot storm surge  Category 2 at landfall with 104 mph winds and 6-101 foot storm surge Created breech) in island between Frisco and Hatteras Village  2010-Earl August 25- September 5 Max Wind Speed: 145 mph 2011- -I Irene August 20- - August 28 Max Wind Speed: 120 mph 2012-Sandy October 25 - October 31 Max Wind: Speed: 70 mph 2014-Arthur July3-July4 4 Max Wind Speed: 101 mph 2016 Matthew October 8- October 9 Max Wind Speed: 94 mph  Evacuation all of Hatteras Island and oceanfront of all Towns  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-7    Map 5. Soils  Legend Dare County Fresh Pond Kill Devil Hills Town! Limits Roads Soil Type BnD CnA CoB  CrB CUA DIA DUE DwE FrD HOA  Nec Nhc Nuc OsA OuB PsB W  Kitty Hawk Bay  Albemarle Sound  Oyster Point  Atlantic Ocean  Blount Bay  Buzzard Bay  0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75  Miles  Source: USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Soils  According to thel Dare County Soil Survey, there are 16 different soil types within Kill Devil Hills' corporate limits (see Map 5). The most] prominent soil types are various fine sands, which account fora majority of the soil in Kill Devil Hills. Most of thes soils in Kill Devil Hills are considered very poorly drained or "hydric"soils. These soil types are often found in flood hazard and wetland areas. It should be noted; however, that the predominant method for wastewater treatment in a majority of homes and businesses is through some form of on-site system. Septic tank failures within Town are not common. Septic permits are issued by thel Dare County Health Department on a site-by-site basis.  BnD -1 Beaches-Newhan: complex, 01 to 25 percent slopes CnA - Conaby muck, 0 to 2j percent slopes, rarely flooded CoB - Corolla fine sand, Oto 61 percent slopes, rarely flooded CB-Corola-Duckston complex; Ot to 6j percent slopes, rarely flooded CuA - Currituck: mucky peat, Oto1 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded DtA - Duckston fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes, occasionally flooded DuE-1 Dune land, 2 to 40 percent slopes DwE - Dune land-Newhan complex, 2 to 40 perçent slopes FrD - Fripp fine sand, 2t to 30j percent slopes HoA - Hobonny muck, Ot tol 1 percent slopes, frequently flooded Nec -I Newhan fine sand, 0 to 10 percent slopes Nhc-I Newhan-Corolla complex, 0 to 10j percent slopes NuC- Newhan-Urban land complex, 0t to 10j percent slopes OsA-Osler fine: sand, Ot to 2j percent slopes, rarely flooded OuB - Ousley fine sand, Oto5 5j percent slopes, rarely flooded  PsB -1 Psamments; 0 to 61 percent slopes  Page 3-8  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  North Carolina Water Quality Basics What Are Surface Water Classifications? Surface Water Classifications are designations appliedt tos surface water bodies, such as water streams, riversand lakes, which definet the best uses tob be protected within these waters (for example swimming, fishing, drinking water supply) and carry with them an associated set of water quality standards to protect those uses. Surface water classifications are one tool that state andf federal agencies use tor manage and protect alls streams, rivers, lakes, and other surface watersi in North Carolina. Classifications and their associated protection rules may be designed to protect water quality, fisha and wildlife, the freef flowing nature ofa  Surface Waters  Each stream mile of water in North Carolina is evaluated and rated by thel NCI Division of Water Resources (formerly thel Division of Water Quality). The classifications are based upon the existing or contemplated best usage of the various streams and segments of streams within a basin, as determined through studies, evaluations, and comments received at public hearings. The state water clasificationsystem: is Table 10. NCI Division of Water Resources Water Body Cands SC Aquatic life propagation/protection and secondary Ba and SB Primary recreation and Class C uses  summarized in' Table 10. Classifications Class SA WS  PRIMARY FRESHWATER AND SALTWATER CLASSIFICATIONS stream or river, or others special characteristics.  Best Uses  How Do They Affect Me?  recreation  Beforey you buy property, plan a new development project, construct a new road or undertake other land use activities, yous should check with! local, state, and federal agencies aboutt the assigned surface water classification: for the waterbody on your property. Many of ther newer classifications, especially those designed to protect drinking water supplies and certain! high quality waters, have protection rules which regulate some land or disturbance and other human activities. Why Do They Sometimes Overlay? Many streams, rivers, and lakes may have several classifications applied tot thes samearea. Thisis different uses ors special characteristics oft the waterbody. Fore example, a stream or specific stream segment may be classified as Class WS-IIIT Tr HWQ by the NCI Division of Water Resources (DWR). This protects it as a drinking water supply (WS-11), as Trout Waters (Tr), and as High Quality Waters (HQW). The stream segments upstream or based on other water uses or stream characteristics.  Waters classified for commercial: shellfish harvesting Water Supply Watershed. There are five WS classes ranging from WS-I through) WS-V. WS classifications are assigned to watersheds based on land use characteristics oft the area. Each water supply classification has as set of management: strategies to protect the: surface water supply, WS-I provides the highest level of protection and WS-V provides the least protection. AC Critical Area (CA) designation is also listedf for watershed areas within al half- mile and draining tot the water supply intake or reservoir where ani intake is located. SUPPLEMENTAL CLASSIFICATIONS Swamp Waters: Recognizes waters that will naturally be of dissolved oxygen. Trout Waters: Provides protection to freshwaters for natural trout propagation and survival of stocked trout. High Quality Waters: Waters possessing special qualities including excellent water quality, Native or Special Native Trout Waters, Critical habitat areas, or WS-I and' WS-II waters that are unimpacted by pollution and have some Nutrient. Sensitive Waters: Areas) with water quality  Sw Tr HQW ORW NSW  more acidic (have lower pH values) andi have lower levels because surface waters are classified to protect  water supplies outstanding resource values. from nutrient enrichment.  Outstanding Resource Waters: Unique and special surface downstream may have different classifications problems associated with excessive plant growth resulting DWR classifies all surface waters. A waterbody's  Stream's Classijfication?  classification may change at the request ofa a local government or citizen. DWRI reviews each request forar reclassification and conducts an assessment of the waterbody to determine the appropriateness of the reclassification. DWR also conducts periodic recommendation: tor reclassify the waterbody. In order for a waterbody to! be reclassified it must proceed throught ther rule- making process.  *Primary classifications beginning with. an' "S"are assigned to: salt waters. Source: NC Department of Environmental Quality. The water classifications relevant to Kill Devil Hills are ac designated water supply watershed. There are: also three (3) wellhead protection areas associated with the  provided in' Table 11 (see Map 6). Fresh Pond is currently waterbody assessments which may result ina  Town's water system. Page 3-10  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    Map 6. Water Quality & Aquatic Life  Legend Dare County Kill Devil Hills Town Limits Fresh Pond e Submerged. Aquatic' Vegetation Roads Water Quality - SA;HQW - SB - SC - WS-II;CA  Atlantic Ocean    Buzzard Bay  Albemarle Sound  0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75  Miles  Souce: NC Department of Environmental Quality    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Table 11. Waterbody Classifications  Waterbody Atlantic Ocean Colington Creek Colington Creek Pond Island  Description  Classification SB SC SC WS-I1; CA SA; HQW  The waters of the Atlantic Ocean contiguous to that portion of Pasquotank River Basin that extends from the North Carolina- Virginia statel line tot the northeast tip of Ocracoke Island From Kill Devil Hills Bridge north to Kitty Hawk Bay The waters surrounding the Island within 1,0001 feet from  Wildlife ramp on Bay Drive shore within subbasin 03-01-56  Freshwater Lake at Kill Devil Hills Entire lake Source: NC Department of Environmental Quality.  Under section 303(d) of the Clean Water. Act, states, territories, and authorized tribes (included in the term Statel here) are required to submit lists of impaired waters, These are: waters that are tooj polluted or otherwise degraded to meet water quality standards. There ares no 303(d) impaired waters within the Kill  Devil Hills planning jurisdiction. Areas of Environmental Concern  The shorelines within the Town of Kill Devil Hills fall under thej jurisdiction of thel North Carolina Coastal Area Management. Act (CAMA). CAMA establishes "Areas of Environmental Concern" (AECs) as the foundation of the Coastal Resources Commission's permitting program for coastal development. An AECi is an area of natural importance; it may be easily destroyed by erosion or flooding, or it may The Coastal Resources Commission designates areas as AECs toj protect them from uncontrolled development that may cause irreversible damage to property, public health or the environment, thereby diminishing their value tot the entire state. Statewide, AECS cover almost all coastal waters and less than Fragile areas are those areas that are not explicitly defined as AECs but that could cause significant environmental damage or other diminution of quality of lifei if not managed. These include wetlands, natural heritage areas, areas containing endangered species, prime wildlife habitats, or maritime forests. The Town works diligently to manage development in a manner that will minimize adverse impacts on the" Town's natural resources. The' Town has no violations of. Areas of Environmental Concern and has not adversely impacted any areas governed by the Environmental Protection Agency, the NC Department ofl Environmental Quality, the Coastal Areal Management Act, or the US Army Corps of Engineers. Additionally, the' Town's land use plan and zoning regulations define development; patterns and land use types that limit development within environmentally, sensitive areas, thus limiting  have environmental, social, economic, or aesthetic values that make it valuable.  3% of the land in the 20 coastal counties.  incompatible development.  Estuarine Waters and Estuarine Shorelines (AEC)  An "estuary" can be defined as la semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection to the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land drainage." Estuaries basically serve: as transition zones between fresh and salt water and are protected from the full force of ocean wind and waves by barrier islands, mudflats, and/or sand.  Page 3-12  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  For regulatory purposes, thei inland, or upstream, boundary of estuarine waters is the same line used to separate thej jurisdictions of the Division of Marine Fisheries and the Wildlife Resources Commission. However, many of the fish and shellfish that spend parts of their lives in estuaries move between the Estuarine shorelines are. land areas leeward of mean high tidet that are immediately adjacent to or bordering estuarine waters. These areas support the ecological function of estuaries and are highly vulnerable to erosion caused by wind or water and to damage caused by development. Under CAMA rules, all lands leeward from the mean high water mark are classified as estuarine shorelines and are subject to CAMA development regulations. No domestic discharges arej permitted in these waters. Additionally, CAMA. AEC setback factors for estuarine shorelines are enforced for all new development. The minimum setback for new construction is 30 feet from the mean) high water: mark. Estuarine waters are situated along the Town's western shoreline adjacent to the. Albemarle Sound, including a number of bays and creeks such as Colington Creek, Kitty Hawk Bay, and Buzzard Bay.  "official" estuarine andi inland waters.  Public Trust Areas - Waters and Beaches  Thel North Carolina Division of Coastal Management (DCM) defines "Public Trust Areas" as the coastal waters and submerged lands that every North Carolinian has the right to use for activities such as boating, swimming, or fishing. These areas often overlap with estuarine waters, but they alsoi include many inland fishing waters. The following lands and waters are considered public trust areas:  All waters of the Atlantic Ocean and thel lands underneath, from the normal high water mark on shore to the state's official boundary three miles offshore; all navigable natural water bodies and the lands underneath, tot the normal high watermark on shore (a body of water is considered navigable if you can: float a canoe ini it). This definition does noti include privately owned lakes where thej public does not have access: rights; all waters in artificially created water bodies that have significant public fishing resources and are accessible to thej public from other waters; and all waters in artificially created water bodies where the public has acquired rights by prescription, custom, usage, dedication or any other means. Although public trust areas: must be delineated by on-site analysis, all submerged lands adjacent to Kill Devil Hills along the Albemarle Sound shoreline and the Atlantic Ocean should be considered public trust areas. Under CAMA regulations, all lands 30 feet leeward of public trust areas are subject to the Additionally, NCGS77-20 clarifies thej public's right to use the full width oft the State's ocean beaches,  restrictions for estuarine shoreline areas.  from thel base of the dunes to the water, as outlined below:  (d) Thej public having made: frequent, uninterrupted, and unobstructed use of the full width and breadth oft the ocean beaches of this State from time immemorial, this section shall not be construed toi impair the right of the people to the customary free use and enjoyment of the ocean beaches, which: rights remain reserved to thej people of this State under the common law and are aj part of the common heritage of the State recognized by Article XIV, Section 5 of the Constitution of North Carolina. These public trust rights in the ocean beaches are established in the common law as interpreted. and applied by the courts of this State.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page. 3-13    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  (e) As used in this section, "ocean beaches" means the area adjacent to the ocean and ocean inlets that is subject to public trust rights. This area is in constant flux due toi the action of wind, waves, tides, and storms andi includes the wet sand area of the beach that is subject to: regular flooding by tides and the dry sand area oft thel beach that is subject to occasional flooding by tides, including wind tides other than those resulting from al hurricane or tropical storm. Thel landward extent of the ocean beaches is established by the common law as interpreted and applied by the courts of this State, Natural indicators of the landward extent of the ocean beaches include, but are: not limited to, the first line of stable, natural vegetation; the toe oft the frontal dune; and the This public right was affirmed by the NC Court of Appeals in a unanimous 2015 ruling in the case of Nies v. Emerald Isle. The case was appealed tot the US Supreme Court, but the request to: review the case was denied. The November 2015 ruling oft thel NC Court of Appeals remains the definitive casel law: regarding  storm trash line.  the public'sr right to uset the ocean beaches of North Carolina.  Coastal Wetlands  The Coastal Resources Commission: rules define "Coastal Wetlands" as any marsh in the 20 coastal counties (including Dare County and therefore, Kill Devil Hills) that regularly or occasionally floods by lunar or wind tides, and that includes one or more of the following ten (10) plant species:  Spartina alterniflora: Salt Marsh (Smooth) Cordgrass Juncus roemerianus: Black Needlerush Salicornia spp.: Glasswort Distichlis spicata: Salt (or Spike) Grass Limonium spp.: Sea Lavender Scirpus spp.: Bulrush Cladium jamaicense: Sawgrass Typha spp: Cattail Spartina patens: Salt Meadow Grass Spartina cynosuroides: Salt Reed or Giant Cordgrass  Coastal wetlands provide significant environmental and economic benefits to the residents of) Kill Devil Hills, as well as the Outer Banks overall. They protect against flooding, help maintain water quality, provide habitat to wildlife, and serve as part of the estuarine system. In 2003, thel Division of Coastal Management classified and mapped coastal wetlands based on an analysis of several existing data sets, including aerial photographs and satellite images of all coastal areas in North Carolina. Even though the presence of wetlands must be established by an on-site delineation andi investigation of plants; DCM produced an excellent representation of wetlands in the Town, and throughout coastal North Carolina. According to the Coastal Wetlands Inventory, approximately 14% of the Town's planning jurisdiction, or  556 acres, are coastal wetlands (see Table 12 and Map 7).  Table 12, Wetlands Wetland Type Cleared Estuarine Shrub/Scrub Cleared Maritime Forest Cutover Estuarine Shrub/Scrub Page 3-14  Acres 2.11 24.75 0.99  % of Town Acreage 0.05% 0.64% 0.03%  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Wetland Type Cutover Maritime Forest Depressional Swamp Forest Estuarine Shrub/Scrub Freshwater Marsh Managed Pineland Maritime Forest Pine Flat Salt/Brackish Marsh Total  Acres 4.15 0.05 18.16 4.93 142.02 55.22 13.24 290.47 556.09  %ofTown Acreage 0.11% 0.001% 0.47% 0.13% 3.68% 1.43% 0.34% 7.52% 14.39%  Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency.  Non-Coastal Wetlands  Thel US Army Corps of Engineers defines wetlands as those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, aj prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Iti is generally agreed that wetlands have significant values that support the unique lifestyle enjoyed by residents of the  coastal area. These values include the following:  Water Storage. Wetlands are able to temporarily store heavy rain, surface runoff, and floodwaters, Shoreline Stabilization. Ground cover and roots of wetlands plants help hold soils in placeand Water Quality. Wetlands plants can enhance water quality by removing pollutants from surface Wildlife and Aquatic Life Habitat. The variety of plants, hydrologic and soil conditions associated with wetlands provide abundant food and cover for animal populations and support a number of rare: and endangered plants. Wet pine savannas with the wet pine flat designation have special importance because they arel known to provide favorable habitat for rare species and are Recreation and Education. The rich array of plants and animals supported by wetlands provide significant consumptive. and non-consumptive use values hunting and fishing, bird watching,  and thereby, reduce downstream: flooding. prevent sedimentation and nutrient transport.  runoff.  themselves rare. canoeing, etc.  Thej presence of non-coastal wetlands must be determined in the field on a case-by-case basis.  Inlet Hazard Areas  Thel Inlet Hazard AEC extends inland from an existing inlet a sufficient distance to encompass the area where the State reasonably expects thei inlet to migrate over time. Development within inlet hazard AECs must comply with three key use standards: (1) the setbacks for the ocean hazard area; (2) density for commercial and residential structures limited to no more than 31 units per acre; and (3) only residential structures of 4 units or less or commercial structures of 5,000 square feet or less are allowed. There arer no  inlet hazard areas within the Killl Devil Hills planningjurisdiction.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-15    Map 7. Wetlands  Legend Dare County Kill Devil Hills Corporate Limit Fresh Pond Roads Wetlands Cleared Estuarine Shrub/Scrub Cleared Maritime Forest Cutover Estuarine Shrub/Scrub Cutover Maritime Forest Depressional SwampF Forest Estuarine Shrub/Scrub Freshwater Marsh Managed Pineland Maritime Forest Pine Flat Sall/Brackish Marsh  Kitty Hawk Bay  Albemarle Sound  Oyster Point  Atlantic Ocean  Blount Bay  Buzzard Bay  0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75  Miles  Source: US Fish & Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Ocean Beaches/Shorelines and Areas of Excessive Erosion  Ocean beaches and shorelines are lands consisting of unconsolidated soil materials (i.e., sand) that extend from the mean) low water line landward to a point where either: (a) the growth of vegetation occurs; or (b) a distinct change in slope or elevation alters the configuration of thel land form, whichever; is farther landward. The entire eastern boundary of the' Town of Kill Devil Hills -1 nearly five miles of shoreline is an ocean beach. This entire area constitutes an Ocean Hazard AEC as defined by CAMA. The Ocean Hazard. AEC covers North Carolina's beaches and any other oceanfront lands that are subject tol long- term erosion and significant shoreline changes. The seaward boundary of this AEC is the mean. low water line. Thel landward limit oft the AEC is measured from the first line ofs stable natural vegetation and is determined by adding a distance equal to 60t times the long-term, average annual erosion rate for that The CRC updates long-term erosion rates every five to ten years, using aerial photographs to examine shoreline changes. General maps of erosion rates are available free from the Division of Coastal Management; detailed erosion rate maps are available fori inspection at all Coastal Management field and local permitting offices. There are two erosion rate factors affecting development setbacks and design along oceanfront portions of Killl Devil Hills. A majority of the' Town's shoreline is subject to an erosion rate setback factor of 2.0; however, there are two stretches of beach along the northern and southern portions of town where a 4.5to6 6.0s setback factor is applied. Further information can be found at tps//dea.ncgov/aout/divsions/coastal-management/coasta-manasementocanfront  stretch of shoreline to the distance of erosion expected during a major storm.  horelines/oceanfrontnstrucionseihsetbackerosion-rate. The oceanside shoreline adjacent tot the' Town of Kill Devil Hills is extremely dynamic and highly susceptible to the effects of coastal erosion. This erosion. has begun to encroach on development along some stretches of Virginia Dare Trail (NCI Highway 12). The ongoing impacts of tropical storm events and nor'easters have prompted action by the Town, as well as individual homeowners. These efforts have included completion oft the' Town'sinitial beach nourishment project completed in September! 2017, (discussed further below) and the retrofitting of existing single-family homes. It should be noted that currently there are: noj public facilities at risk due to significant  Retrofitting of an existing oceanfront home through elevation. Image Source: HCP.  shoreline erosion. Beach Nourishment  Oceanfront beach erosion compromises the overall structural integrity of the dune and beach system; therefore, impairing environmental resources, the Town's property values, recreational opportunities for all, and the Town and County's tourism economy. Accordingly, the' Town adopted a Shore Protection Plani in August of 2017, aimed at mitigating the erosive effects impacting the Town's oceanfront. This plan detailed the proposed activities to be carried out in conjunction with the Town's 2017 Beach Nourishment Project. Dare County (the contracting entity for thel beach nourishment project which includes the' Towns of Duck, Southern Shores, Kitty Hawk, and) Killl Devil Hills) awarded the contract to Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Company for $38,596,850. For the' Town of Kill Devil Hills, this effort  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page. 3-17    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  resulted in the construction of 2.6 miles of widened beach shoreline, from thel Kitty Hawk/Kill Devil Hills town) line south to Prospect Avenue. Killl Devil Hills' portion oft this project cost was $8,861,529.  Aj portion oft the 6% Occupancy Tax collected by Dare County is set aside for the Beach Nourishment Fund. The occupancy taxi is room, lodging, campsite, or similar accommodation. furnished by any hotel, motel, inn, tourist camp: including private residence and cottages rented to visitors. Thel Beach Nourishment Fund must be used for the planting of vegetation, and the building of structures that are: in conformity with) NC CAMA, such as sand fences and dunes, on  Why Should We Protect Ocean Beaches and Shorelines? At the edge of the ocean, ocean hazard AECS get the full change thes shape of as shoreline, creating or filling inlets, flattening nearby dunes, eroding beaches and battering nearby structures. No oceanfront development can be absolutely safe from destructive natural forces, but development in ocean hazard areas riskt tol life and property, as well as to reduce the cost of Oceanfront beaches and dunes help protect buildings  applied tos gross receipts derived from rental of force of any storm. Waves, wind, and water can quickly  placement of sand from other sand sources, the can be carefully designed and located to minimize the  relief aid.  beaches oft the Atlantic Ocean of North Carolina and environments behind them by absorbing thet force for the purpose of widening the beach tol benefit of wind and waves, while the dense root networks of public recreational use and mitigating damage dune plants trap and anchor sand. Left uncontrolled, and erosion from storms to inland property. In development can destroy these dunes and their addition, funds for beach: nourishment are also vegetation, increasing the risk of damage to structures  provided by property and municipal service Occupancy Tax Distribution Rate:  from erosion, flooding, and waves. The Town is actively committed to preserving and protecting the dunes.  district taxes.  3% Room Occupancy Tax (68% of net proceeds to Duck, Kill Devil Hills, Kitty) Hawk, Manteo, Nags Head, and Southern Shores inj proportion to the amount of ad valorem taxes levied by each 1% Room Occupancy and' Tourism Development Tax (net proceeds to the Dare County Tourism 2% Room Occupancy and' Tourism Development Tax for Beach Nourishment.  town for the preceding fiscal year and 32% tol Dare County).  Board).  h!  2017 Beach Nourishment Project. Image Source: Town of Kill Devill Hills.  Page. 3-18  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Fragile Areas  Fragile areas are not AECS but are sensitive areas that could be damaged or destroyed easily by inappropriate or poorly planned development. The inventory of fragile areas in Kill Devil Hills includes three types: (1) Protected Lands that are controlled by the State or subject to easements or covenants that limit development; (2) Natural Heritage Areas asi identified by the NCI Department of Natural and Protected Lands are areas dedicated to conservation and open space uses that are protected. from development by regulation or by ownership by governments or non-profit organizations. The North Carolina Division of Coastal Management has identified these areas through the assistance of the NC Center for Geographic Information and Analysis (NCGIA). There are several sites designated as Protected Lands in Kill Devil Hills (seel Map 8). These include the Wright Brothers National Memorial, Nags Head Woods/Run Hill, and a small portion of the Kitty Hawk Woods Coastal Reserve. The sites are comprised ofs state and' Town-owned open space areas. Additionally, other facilities, such as CAMA Public. Access locations and town parks may be considered protected lands. These areas willl be Natural Heritage Program Natural Areas (NHNA) are areas containing ecologically significant natural communities or rare species. Thel North Carolina Natural Heritage Program of the) NC Department of Natural and Cultural Resources identifies and helps facilitate the protection of these areas. There are two Natural Heritage. Areas located within the Kill Devil Hills planning jurisdiction: the Wright Brothers Kill Devil Hills' maritime forests are an important natural resource that offers both opportunities and limitations for development. The definitions applied to maritime forests are rather broad: "Forests (that) have been developed under the influence of salt spray and (that) are found on barrier islands or immediately adjacent to estuarine waters; dominated by oak, red cedar, holly, and pine trees and evergreen shrubs." These forested areas are often the most stable locations on barrier islands and they offer safe and reasonable areas for development There are: several stands of maritime forests situated As required by 15A NCAC7B CAMA Land Use) Planning Guidelines, Appendix Cj provides a US Fish &  Cultural Resources; and (3) Maritime Forests which are intact.  discussed further in the Community Facilities section of the plan.  Dune Barrens and Nags Head Woods/Run: Hill (see Map 8).  throughout the Town's planningi jurisdiction.  Wildlife Services list of ndangered/threatened species in Dare County.  Slopes in Excess of 12%  There are limited areas of slope in excess of 12% within Kill Devil Hills' corporate limits. These areas are mainly located ini the dunes areas, erosion escarpment, and the south side of the Wright Brothers  Memorial.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-19    Map 8. Protected Lands/NHP Natural Areas  Legend  Dare County Kill Devil Hills Town Limits NC Protected Lands Fresh Pond Roads NHP Protection Rating R1 (Exceptional) R2 (Very! High) R3 (High)  Kitty Hawk Bay  Atlantic Ocean  Oyster Point  Blount Bay  Buzzard Bay  Albemarle Sound  0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75 Miles  Source: North Carolina Natural Heritage Program    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Areas of Resource Potential Regionally Significant Parks Marinas and Mooring Fields  The discussion of parks and open space will be addressed in the Community Facilities section of the plan. Marinas" are defined by thel NC: Division of Coastal Management as any publicly or privately owned dock; basin, or wet boat storage facility constructed to accommodate: more than ten boats and providing any oft the following services: permanent or transient docking spaces, dry storage, fueling facilities, haulout facilities, and repair service. The Town does not currently have a full service or public/private marina. There are dockage facilities associated with residential developments adjacent to Colington Creek; as well as docks attached to single-family homes. Some of these docks are: separated by the road from the principal use of thej property. Kill Devil Hills is also served by aj public boating access facility A" "freestanding mooring" is any means to attach a ship, boat, or other watercraft to a stationary underwater device, mooring buoy, buoyed anchor, or piling not associated with an existing or proposed pier, dock; or boathouse. When moret than one: freestanding mooring is used in the same general vicinity, itisl known as a "mooring field." CAMA has regulations for the safe siting and operation of moorings  (with no overnight docking facilities) which is located at the end of Dock Street.  and mooring fields. There are currently no: mooring fields in] Kill Devil Hills.  Floating Homes or Structures  A floating home or structure is any structure, not al boat, supported by means of flotation and designed to bei used without aj permanent: foundation which is used for human habitation or commerce. A structure isc considered a floating home or structure ifi it isi inhabited or used for commercial purposes for more than 30 days in any one, location. A boat may be deemed a floating structure ifi its means of propulsion have been removed or rendered inoperative and it contains at least 200: square feet of living area. There are Primary Nursery Areas, Anadromous Fish Spawning Areas, Submerged Aquatic Vegetation, Shellfishing Waters Primary Nursery Areas, as defined by the Marine. Fisheries Commission, are those areas in the estuarine system where initial post larval development takes place. These areas are usually located in the uppermost sections of a system where populations are uniformly very early juveniles. The Division of Marine Fisheries is responsible for preserving, protecting and developing Primary Nursery Areas for commercially important finfish and shellfish. High productive values in the estuarine waters are the result of three essential processes: (1) circulation patterns caused by tidal energy, freshwater: flow, and shallow depth; (2) nutrient trapping mechanisms; and (3) protection offered to many species. Important features of the estuary system are: mud and sand flats, eel grass beds, salt marshes, submerged vegetation flats, clam and oyster beds, and important nursery areas. There are no defined primary nursery areas adjacent to Killl Devill Hills; however, Buzzard Bay and Kitty Hawk Bay are designated as special "Anadromous" fish are those that migrate up rivers (or into estuaries) from the sea to breed in freshwater. Thel NCI Marine Fisheries Commission (MFC) defines anadromous fish spawning areas as those where evidence of spawning of anadromous fish has been documented by direct observation of spawning, capture of running trip females, or capture of eggs or early larvae. It should be noted that there are no anadromous fishing spawning areas located within Kill Devil Hills' corporate limits.  currently noi floating homes within Kill Devil Hills' corporate limits.  secondary nursey areas.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-21    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Grasses that grow to the surface of, but do not emerge from shallow water are called submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). One of the most important ecosystem services of the shallow waters adjacent to the northern shoreline of Killl Devil Hills is toj provide refuge in which small fish and shellfish can hide from larger finfish predators. Thel habitat value of shallow water is greatly enhanced when it has structure that provides additional cover, and thes structure provided by SAV provides some of the greatest habitat value for many species. Significant portions of Kitty Hawk Bay, Blount's Bay and Buzzard Bay support the The Shellfish Sanitation Section is responsible for monitoring and classifying coastal waters as to their suitability for shellfish harvesting for human consumption. Recommendations are made tot thel Division of Marine Fisheries to close those waters that have the potential for causing illness and opening those that are assured of] having clean, healthy shellfish. Much of the "SA" waters along the estuarine shoreline are open to commercial shellfishing. Up-to-date information about open and closed shellfishing areas is posted daily on the NCI Division of Marine Fisheries website. As this information is always evolving, current closure locations have not been included in the plan. The Pasquotank River Basinwide Water Quality Plan, prepared by NCI Division of Water Quality, shows the waters adjacent tol Kill Devil Hills as fully supporting for aquatic life and primary and secondary recreation; partially supporting for fish All estuarine waters adjacent to Killl Devil Hills are currently considered impaired with respect to shellfishing with the exception of a small portion of Buzzard Bay (see Appendix D for location of areas  growth of SAV: and are shown on Map 6.  consumption; and partially or non-supporting for shellfish harvesting.  closed to: shellfishing). Aquaculture  As defined under N.C. General Statute 106-758, aquaculture is thej propagation and rearing of aquatic species in controlled or selected environments. There is no significant aquaculture in Kill Devil Hills.  Water Quality  Basinwide water quality plans are prepared by the NC Division of Water Resources (DWR) for each oft the seventeen major river basins in the state. Each basinwide plani is revised at five-year intervals. While these plans are prepared by) DWR, their implementation and the protection of water quality entails the coordinated efforts of many agencies, local governments, and stakeholders in the State. The Town of Killl Devil Hillsi is located in the Pasquotank River Basin. The Pasquotank River basin lies entirely within the outer coastal plain of North Carolina. The overall river basin includes portions oft the Albemarle, Currituck, Croatan, Roanoke and Pamlico Sounds. The Pasquotank River Basin is part of the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine System, the second largest estuarine system in the United  Pasquotank River Basin. Image Source: 2007 Pasquotank River Basin Water Quality Plan.  States.  Page 3-22  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Kill Devil Hills is located in subbasin 03-01-56 of the Pasquotank River Basin. This subbasin includes the Outer Banks fromi the northern portion of Dare County south to Oregon Inlet. Ita alsoi includes portions of Currituck Sound, Albemarle Sound and Roanoke Sound. Ecologically, itis within the Carolinian Barrier Islands and Coastal Marshes ecoregions. Land cover generally consists of beaches, marshes, forested wetlands and evergreen forests with: scattered urbanized areas, wildlife. habitat andi recreational areas. Several Forest/Wetland: public lands and significant natural heritage areas can be found Urban: int this subbasin, including Jockey's Ridge State Park, Nags Head Woods Preserve, Run Hill State Natural Area, Wright Brothers National Memorial, and Kitty Hawk Woods Coastal  Subbasin 03-01-56a ata Glance Land and Water Area Total Area: Land/ Area: Water Area: Land Cover (%) Surface Water: Cultivated Crop: Pasture/Managed Herbaceous: County Dare  109mi? 37mi? 72mi  70% 22% 7% <1% 2%  Reserve.  Water quality in areas with growing populations would benefit Kill Municipalities Devil Hills, Nags Head, Kitty Hawk, impervious surfaces, use of cisterns, streambank protection and Monitored Waterbody Statistics:  from individual or community implementation ofl backyard wetlands, rain gardens, bioretention areas, conversion of restoration. The Dare County North Reverse Osmosis Water Plant holds the only National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Total: System (NPDES) minor permit in the subbasin witha permitted discharge of 0.031 MGD. The water treatment plant discharges into the Atlantic Ocean via ocean outfall.  Southern! Shores Recreation Supporting: Impaired: Shellfish Harvesting Total: Supporting: Impaired: Source: 2007 Pasquotank River Basinwide Water Quality Plan.  134.9mi/22,216.2: ac 134.5 mi/22,211.5: ac 0.5 mi/4.7ac 21,045.2ac 19,258.3ac 1,786.9ac  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-23    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  COMMUNITY FACILITIES  The following provides an overview of all Town-maintained. facilities and services. These day-to-day operations are critical to sustaining the quality of life that both residents and visitors of Kill Devil Hills havecome to appreciate, This summary relates to existing public facilities and Town services that are currently being provided. Future services and facilities based on anticipated need/demand will be addressed in Section 4, Future Demand/Projections. See Map 9 for location of community facilities.  Health Care Resources Medical Facilities  Thel largest hospital serving the region, Outer Banks Hospital, is located justs south of Kill Devil Hills at 4800 South Croatan Highway in) Nags Head. The Outer Banks Hospital isa full-service community hospital offering a wide: range ofi inpatient and outpatient services. Aj joint venture between Vidant Health and Chesapeake Regional Healthcare, the 83,796 square foot facility includes eighteen (18) acute care medical-surgical beds, two (2) labor and delivery/recovery/post-partum beds, one (1) Level II nursery bed and three (3) operating rooms, a designated Caesarean section room, outpatient and Designed especially to: meet the health: needs of a coastal community, whose summer population increases significantly from its year-round population, the Outer Banks Hospital has approval as a provider of Medicare and Medicaid programs, licensure by the Division of Facility Services, and accreditation by the Joint Commission on the. Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, College of In addition to Outer Banks Hospital, there are a number of physicians' offices, as well as other healthcare providers, located throughout Killl Devil Hills, and in Southern Shores, Kitty Hawk, and Nags Head. Outer Banks Hospital also operates urgent care centers in Southern Shores and Nags Head.  diagnostic services, and a 24-hour emergency department.  American Pathologists, and the American College of Radiology.  Dare County Health Department  Thel Dare County Department of Health & Human Services is the primary department: responsible for protecting thel health of all Dare County residents and protecting, strengthening and helping families and individuals achieve sell-sufficiency. Thel Department of Health & Human Services partners with individuals, families, and the community to strengthen their efforts towards healthy living, independence, permanence and safety. Iti is comprised of aj public health division, social services  division, and administrative division.  Thel Dare County Health Department provides a range of services including:  Veterans Services Public Health Division Social Services Community and Clinical Services Adult Services Environmental, Health Services Children's Services  Page 3-24  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Health Education and Outreach Economic Services Home Health and Hospice Services, and Family Services. Police Department  Thel Killl Devil Hills Police Department is responsible for protecting thel lives and property of its citizens and visitors. Their work is carried out through a varied program of law enforcement, detection and prevention of crime and accidents, and planning and directing emergency response activities. The department currently has 31 employees who provide police and support services to Kill Devil Hills' citizens and visitors. Killl Devil Hills has a year-round population of approximately 7,000 residents. The population grows to almost 36,000 during the summer months. Thel Department is divided into four divisions: Administration and Recordkeeping, Patrol, Criminal Investigations, and. Animal Control.  Patrol Division  Oniformed officers assigned to the Patrol Operations Division have thej primary purposes of responding tocalls for service and conducting preventive patrols in the Town. After citizens telephone Dare Central Communications, calls for service are forwarded to officers through the dispatch office. Often, officers witness conditions that require self-initiated response. The first responding officer to a 911 call is usually  dispatched from the Patrol Operations Division. Criminal Investigations Division  The Criminal Investigations Division is staffed by sworn police officers tasked with investigating felony crimes that occur in the Town. Personnel assigned to the Criminal Investigations Division are educated and trained in various fields ofl law enforcement and the investigations of crimes. Such crimes include violent assaults, narcotic related offenses, financial fraud, substantial larcenies, residential and  commercial burglaries, and other felonious activity.  Police Department Detective Badge. Image. Source: Town. of Killl Devil Hills.  Animal Control  The Animal Control Division is responsible for enforcing the' Town's ordinances regarding animals, along with operating and maintaining the Kill Devil Hills  Animal Shelter. Fire Protection  Fire Protection and Emergency Medical Services  Thel Kill Devil Hills Fire Department: is a combination fire department (staffed with both career and volunteer firefighters) serving the Killl Devil Hills community. The department: maintains an Insurance Service Office (ISO) rating of3, This outstanding rating not only indicates the effectiveness of the  department but also provides insurance benefits toj property owners.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-25    Map 9. Community Facilities  Legend Public Access Community Facilities Roads KillD Devil Hills Town Limits Fresh Pond Dare County 1-Park/ Area 2-Pollution Abatement &F Recycling 3-Storage Sheds 4-Fire Department 5-Water" Tower 6-Police Department 7-Schools *Schoolf fields area availablet foru use throughj joint use agreement  Kitty Hawk Bay  Albemarle Sound  Atlantic Ocean  Oyster Point  Blount Bay  07  Buzzard Bay  0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75  Source: Town of Kill Devil Hills, Dare County    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Thel Kill Devil Hills staffing model consists of well-trained, dedicated career and volunteer professionals. The duty crews, or career team members, are tasked with emergency response duties 24 hours a day, 365 days oft the year. They handle daily workload operations and maintenance tasks to ensure the department isi in a constant state of readiness. Maintaining training requirements is also an important part ofe ensuring readiness, and ensuring that safety requirements are met. Reserve firefighters/ volunteers provide the necessary additional staffing and are a vital part of the department's emergency response model. This model is al balanced approach to meet the ever-changing conditions associated with  a coastal barrier island community, Ocean Rescue Division  The Ocean Rescuel Division became an integral part of the Kill Devil Hills Firel Department in August 1998. Thei first full season of the division was 1999 at which time it was equipped with 14 fixed guard stands, four roving lifeguards on all-terrain four-wheelers, twoj pick-up trucks, and one jet-ski. Prior to 1998, lifeguards were a contracted service. The division now operates with 21 fixed guard stands, with guards in four separate zones, and one roving lifeguard group leader in each zone. This level of staffing gives the division nearly complete stand-to-stand sight lines and continuous visibility of thel high water  line.  Equipment for the division includes two similarly outfitted pick-up trucks, each with a jet-ski and other rescue and communications equipment. The division also has one three-seat personal water craft and two rigid inflatable boats (12 feet and 19 feet in length, respectively). The Ocean Rescuel Division is located at the Ocean Bay Boulevard Regional Access building. Thel building is located at 103S. Virginia Dare Trail at approximately the 8.5 milepost (at the end of Ocean Bay Boulevard on the  oceanfront). Emergency Medical Services  Kill Devil Hills Ocean Rescue Division. Image  Source: HCP.  Emergency medical services in Kill Devil Hills are provided by Dare County Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Dare County EMS Station One, including all administrative offices, is] located in Kill Devil Hills.  Dare County EMS operates eight EMS: stations throughout the County as: follows:  Table 13. Dare County EMS Stations  Station 1and EMS Admin. Offices 2 3 4 5  Location Kill Devil Hills Manteo Frisco Nags Head  Address  1632 N Croatan Highway, Kill Devil Hills 515 Bowsertown Road, Manteo 50346 Highway 12, Frisco  Southern: Shores 28E. Dogwood Trail, Southern Shores (located in  the Southern Shores Volunteer Fire Department) 5314S. Croatan Highway, Nags Head (located in the Nags Head Fire Rescue Station)  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-27    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Station 6 7 8  Location Rodanthe  Address  24297 Atlantic Drive, Rodanthe (located in the Chicamacomico Banks Volunteer Fire Department)  Dare MedFlight 1078 Driftwood Drive, Manteo Crews Quarters 1025 Driftwood Drive, Manteo Manns Harbor 6677 Highway 64/264, Manns Harbor  Source: Dare County Emergency Medical Services.  Dare MedFlight  Dare County is recognized as an innovative pioneer in providing aeromedical transport services. Dare MedFlight provides rapid medical transportation: fori its residents and visitors. For over 25 years, Dare County has furnished one of the few county-owned aeromedical operations in the entire nation. Based at  thel Dare County Regional Airport, Dare MedFlight serves all of Dare County. Dare MedFlight has à dedicated staff of 5 pilots, 2full-time mechanics, and 11 flight paramedics. Together as a team, they operate al MedFlight. Airbus H-1451 helicopter, capable of carrying twoj patients and air crew members. The aircraft has advanced safety features including enclosed tail rotors Dare MedFlight began operating in 1975 to ensure that all levels of medical care are accessible: for residents and visitors. A helicopter drastically reduces transport times for] patients needing rapid transfer to hospitals outside of  and a four-axis pilot system.  V401MF  Dare County for provision oft trauma and other critical care Dare MedFlight Landing Pad and Helicopter. Image  Source: Outer Banks Chamber of Commerce.  services.  Emergency Management  The' Town of Killl Devil Hills Fire, EMS, and Police Departments, in concert with Town Administration, work closely with the Dare County Emergency Management Department to address threats from both natural and man-made. hazards. Dare County Emergency Management: is charged with maintaining a high level of] preparedness, identifying vulnerabilities, effectively mitigating disasters, providing public education, responding to alll hazard emergency situations, and facilitating effective recovery efforts  following any all-hazard incident.  Page. 3-28  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Parks, Recreation, and Open Space  Public Access  Thel North Carolina Division of Coastal Management defines two types of public access points:  Local accesses that primarily provide access for pedestrians and bicyclists from thei immediate Regional accesses thati include a large number of parking spaces, bike racks, restrooms and Kill Devil Hills maintains twenty-nine (29) beach access sites with varying amenities and parking availability. The following provides as summary of these facilities running from north to south:  neighborhood. bathhouse, and picnic area.  Arch Street - Access Only Helga Stréet - Lifeguard Chowan Street - Access Only Walker Street - Access Only 5th Street - Parking, Lifeguard 4th Street - Dune Walkover  Hayman Boulevard - Parking, Lifeguard, Handicap Access, Shower, Bathroom  Avalon Drive - Parking, Lifeguard, Dune Walkover  3rd Street - Lifeguard, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags 2nd Street - Parking, Lifeguard, Shower, Pet Waste Bags 1st Street - Parking, Lifeguard, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags  Asheville Drive -1 Parking, Lifeguard, Handicap Access, Dune Walkover, Restrooms, Shower, Pet Prospect Avenue -) Parking, Handicap Access, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags Glenmore Avenue - Parking, Handicap Access, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags Woodmere. Avenue - Parking, Handicap Access, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags Ferris Avenue - Parking, Handicap Access, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags Raleigh. Avenue - Parking, Handicap Access, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags Carlow. Avenue - Parking, Handicap Access, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags Sutton Avenue - Parking, Handicap Access, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags Ocean Bay Boulevard-I Parking, Handicap Access, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags,  Waste Bags  Pinehurst Avenue - Access Only Carlton Avenue - Access Only Calvin Street - Access Only Lake Drive - Access Only  Bath House  Oregon. Avenue - Lifeguard, Handicap, Access, Shower Clark Street - Parking, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags  Martin Street - Parking, Handicap Access, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags Atlantic Street -1 Parking, Handicap Access, Dune' Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags, Bathrooms 8th Street - Parking, Handicap Access, Dune Walkover, Shower, Pet Waste Bags  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-29    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Parks  Thel Dare County Parks & Recreation Northern Beach Division office isl located at thel Dare County Youth Center at Family Recreation Park in Kill Devil Hills. The Youth Center and Family Recreation! Park: serves as the focal point for most oft the division's activities and programs and provides programming for youth  and adults. Below are listed amenities atl Dare County Family Recreation Park:  Family Recreation Park Multipurpose field Baseball field with lights Softball field with lights Twol batting cages Four tennis courts with) lights Outdoor volleyball court Tennis hitting wall Playground with climbing wall  DARE coPRO WU  Covered picnic pavilion (with 4 grills, 15j picnic tables, lights, and electrical outlets)  Concession stand (with heat and air conditioning) Three Press boxes (1 large with heat and air conditioning)  Restrooms  Meekins Field isl located behind thel Fire Department in Kill Devil Hills. Itis owned by the' Town and maintained by the Town with support from Dare County Parks &1 Recreation. Additionally, the Town's Building and Ground Division operates and maintains the following municipal open space/park facilities: Aviation Park, Copley Park, and Hayman Park. Below are amenities ate each oft these: facilities:  Aviation Park  Roller hockey rink Skatepark Restrooms Children's play area Fitness trail Copley Park Playground equipment Hayman Park Large open area Benches Picnic tables Grill Playground equipment Meekins Field Softball field with lights Tennis courts with lights (2) Soccer: field (210' x140) Playground Restrooms  Page. 3-30  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Afterschool Program  The Youth Center located at Family Recreation Park serves as a safe afterschool place for middle and high school students. Conveniently located within walking distance from both First Flight Middle and High Schools, youth can partake in open-play basketball, volleyball, soccer, Frisbee, and/or tennis, or  participate in one of the many other organized programs offered.  Fresh Pond  Fresh Pond is a 27-acre body of water that straddles Nags Head and Killl Devil Hills and is difficult to access. There has been discussion about establishing access to the site which Killl Devil Hills has begun with hope of providing a range of outdoor passive recreational activities for residents and visitors. This  effort willl be discussed further in thel Future Demands Section of the plan.  Historic Properties  There are currently three (3) properties in Kill Devil Hills listed on thel National Register of Historic Places. These properties include the Wright Brothers National Memorial Visitors Center, the Wright Brothers Memorial, and Sam's Diner (Kill Devil Grill). Refer to Map 10. In addition to those properties listed on the National Register, the Town has designated a number ofl locally significant historic  structures, as listed below:  Birdsong/Phelan Cottage - 1825 North Virginia Dare Trail Boyette Cottage - 1303 South Virginia Dare Trail Brothers Cottage - 1211 B South Virginia Dare Trail Brown Cottage - 1235 South Virginial Dare' Trail Christensen-Small Cottage 2021 South Virginia Dare Trail Coggins/Lassiter Cottages - 501 South Virginia Dare Trail Green Cottage - 1233 South Virginia Dare Trail Hall House - 2401 North Virginia Dare' Trail Hayman House - 418 West Hayman Boulevard Johnston-Witt Cottage - 2041 South Virginia Dare Trail Mardre-Woolard Cottage - 1229 South Virginia Dare Trail McCandless Cottage - 20071 Newbern Street Owens House - 1407 South Virginia Dare Trail Pappendick-Heath Houses 3021 North Virginia Dare' Trail Perry-Owens Cottage - 2019 South Virginia Dare' Trail Poulas-Kiger House - 23091 North Virginia Dare Trail Powell-Stokes Cottage - 1207 South Virginia Dare' Trail Reisse Cottage - 28071 North Virginia Dare Trail Sawyer-Turk-Cheshire House - 2015 North Virginia Dare Trail Smith Cottage - 23061 North Virginia Dare Trail Spitzer-Weinburg House - 2701 North Virginia Dare Trail Stick-Roebuck House - 1521/1523 North Virginia Dare' Trail White Cottage - 24001 North Virginia Dare Trail Young/Croarkin Cottage - 201 Random Street Z.A. Harris Cottage 1413B: North Virginia Dare Trail  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page. 3-31    Map 10. Historic Properties  Legend Dare County Kill Devil Hills Town Limits Fresh Pond Roads  National Register Historic Properties Town Designated Historic Properties  Kitty Hawk Bay  Atlantic Ocean  Albemarle Sound  Oyster Point  Wrent  National Memorial Visitors Center  Blount Bay  Wxight  Vatonal Memorial  (Kill Devil Grilly m's Diner  Buzzard Bay  0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75 Source: National Register Historic Places, Town of Kill Devil Hill's Guide to Local Historic Landmarks  Miles    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Water System  The' Town of Kill Devil Hills operates a town-wide: water distribution system serving all single-family residences and businesses. The Town's water system contains 1.65 million gallons ofs storage - both ground storage and elevated. Recently performed on-site visual and non-intrusive: inspections oft the above-ground facilities at the 8th Street pump station facility and the Old Town Hall pump station facility show that structures and equipment are generally in good condition. The 8th Street elevated tank was repaired and repainted in 2018 and it is anticipated that the Old Town Hall elevated storage tank will be Thel Dare County Water Department is the wholesale supplier of potable water to: many communities in the County, including the' Town of Killl Devil Hills. The County can currently produce up to 10 million gallons per day (mgd) inj potable water and deliver a maximum of 14 mgd. Maximum daily demands for Kill Devil Hills will occur during the summer months, and arej projected to reach 2.61 mgd by 2021 and 2.80 mgd by 2031. Therefore, the 3.0 mgd contractual water supply should be adequate to serve the Town Toi meet the growing demand ofi its customer base, Dare County is considering expanding one of its two plants by 2-mgd, resulting in a 12-mgd capacity fori its system. This expansion will enhance the ability of As the' Town is responsible for the drinking water quality of its customers, it has to be prepared to meet existing and future; regulatory requirements. A comparison of the finished water quality tol USEPA drinking water quality standards shows that the Dare County water treatment plants are producing high quality water that meets, and in most cases, exceeds today's regulatory standards. This standard is critical to the Town'sability to meet requirements throughout its distribution: system.  replaced in 2019.  for the next 20 years.  the County to meet the Town's long-term water supply needs.  Sewer System  Killl Devil Hills Wastewater Treatment Plant, LLC, provides central sewer: service to some properties located in Kill Devil Hills; however, this service is not operated by the Town and is only availablei if There are no current plans to develop a large-scale, public, central sewer system in Kill Devil Hills. In lieu of a central wastewater treatment system controlled by the Town, Kill Devil Hills will continue to rely on state and county permitting for on-site wastewater systems. A wastewater permit issued by the Dare County Health Department is required prior to commencing any development project throughout town when on-site septic is utilized. Permit staff at Dare County Health Department: indicates that generally permits for septic tanks are: not a problem in Kill Devil Hills and that once installed, the systems  service lines are installed or are already available.  function as intended. Natural Gas  Kill Devil Hills does have access to central natural gas service along NC12 and US 158 through Piedmont Natural Gas. Additionally, there are several private companies that provide LP gas service for  commercial and private residential use.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-33    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Solid Waste  The Town of Killl Devil Hills provides curb-side solid waste management services. During winter/off- season months, the' Town provides services once per week. The east side of Highway 158 is collected on Mondays and the west side ofl Highway 158 is collected on Tuesdays. Once-per-week collections run from November through March of each year. Throughout the remainder of the calendar year, curb-side collection is provided twice per week as follows: the east side of Highway 158 is collected on Mondays and Thursdays and the west side of Highway 158 is collected on Tuesdays and Fridays. The Town does provide curb-side: recycling collection as a subscription service through a franchise agreement with Outer Banks Hauling. The' Town also has a centralized Recycling Center for use by all residents located at 701  Bermuda Bay Boulevard. Pickup ofl bulk items is provided two times per year.  Street Maintenance  The Town of Killl Devil Hills is responsible for street maintenance on all right-of-ways (approximately 60 miles) throughout the Town's corporate limits, with the exception of NCDOT right-of-ways which include Colington, Road, US1 158, and NC12. The Town's Public Services Department maintainsa schedule ofi improvements thati is updated annually, which outlines the greatest needs/dehiciences  relating to right-of-way maintenance.  Administration  The Town of Killl Devil Hills Administration Department serves the following purposes:  To promote the Town of] Kill Devil Hills in aj positive manner to its citizens and visitors through Toc continue to search for ways to further involve its citizens in Town activities. Tox welcome inquiries and requests for assistance and provide friendly, pleasant, and efficient Toensure that the services provided by the Town to its citizens and visitors are cost-efficient and responsive, meet the needs of our citizens, and are compliant with the provisions of local  programs and events. service.  ordinances and state and federal law.  The Administration Department includes the' Town Manager, Assistant Town Manager, Town Clerk,  Administrative Specialist, Office. Assistant, and. Administrative Assistant.  Page 3-34  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  EXISTING LAND USE Introduction  The following provides as summary of Kill Devil Hills' existing land use. Land use patterns with maps and associated data enable policy makers to make: more: informed decisions about future service: needs and future land use demands. This effort, in turn, assists elected officials, planning board members and citizens at-large in making educated decisions about rezoning cases (map amendments), quasi-judicial The following existing land use: map and associated data provide a comprehensive update from the information presented in the 19971 Killl Devil Hills CAMA Land Usel Plan. Three factors are reflected: an improvement in the data available, as shift in the existing land use designations utilized in the plan, and actual changes in land use. The existing land use designations have been modified slightly tol better  hearings and zoning ordinance text amendments.  reflect the current built environment throughout Killl Devil Hills.  Methodology  Existing land use should not be confused with zoning. Existing land use classifies the current land use, which may differ from current zoning. The Dare County taxj parcel file, in coordination with aerial photos, was used to determine the existing land use classification for properties in Killl Devil Hills. Field surveys and Google'ss street view were used to confirm the accuracy of the aerial photos and tax data, Further, property value was used to ensure whether parcels were unimproved. The following providesa  summary of the existing land use categories utilized: Retail, service, and shopping establishments.  Commercial  Industrial  Light manufacturing and fabrication.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page. 3-35    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Office and Institutional churches, and offices.  Government offices, medical facilities, airport,  Mixed Use structure.  Retail and: residential uses occupying the same  "d Store EUDECDIS  Multi-Family Residential  Four or more units within thes same structure.  BEa!  Page 3-36  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Single-Family Residential  Single-family residential development.  Recreational  Public parks/open spaces and public beach access sites currently operated and maintained by the' Town  of Kill Devil Hills.  Vacant/Unimproved  Parcels that are either undeveloped or are unimproved.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-37    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Existing Land Use Map  Like: many barrier island beach communities, Kill Devil Hills' existing land use pattern is characterized predominantly by single-family residential development. Non-residential development in the form of commercial or office and institutional land uses are situated along the Town's main transportation thoroughfares including Croatan Highway (US1 158) and certain portions of Virginia Dare Trail (NC12). There are a number of multi-family residential developments throughout Town, and mixed use  development is fairly limited. Killl Devil Hills. Table 14. Existing Land Use Land Use Commercial Industrial Office and Institutional Mixed Use Multi-Family Residential Single-Family Residential Recreational Vacant/Unimproved Total  The following table and associated map provide an overview of existing land use throughout the' Town of  Acres 199.0 32.7 596.2 5.8 97.2 1,153.8 86.9 941.3 3,112.9  % of Total 6.4% 1.0% 19.2% 0.2% 3.1% 37.1% 2.8% 30.2% 100.0%  Source: Dare County Tax Office, HCP, Inc., Town of Kill Devil Hills.  Page 3-38  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    Map 11. Existing Land Use  Legend Roads Kill Devil Hills Town Limits Fresh Pond Commercial Industrial Office/Institutional Mixed Use Multi-Family Residential Single-Family Residential Recreational Vacantunimproved Dare County  Kitty Hawk Bay  Albemarle Sound  Oyster Point  Atlantic Ocean  Blount Bay  Buzzard Bay  0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75  Miles  Source: Town of Kill Devil Hills, Dare County    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Zoning and' Vacant Parcels  Throughout the corporate limits of Kill Devil Hills, there is approximately 946 acres of vacant land, as identified through the existing land use survey: process. A: substantial percentage of this acreage (59.1% or5 559: acres). is comprised ofl land that isi in large part protected and/ /or considered fragile areas (see discussion of Fragile Areas onj page 3-18). This areai isl located in the southwestern corner of the Town's corporate limits and contains the Run! Hill State Natural Area land thati is deed restricted by Thel Nature Conservancy and Fresh Pond, as discussed in thel Parks and Recreation section of the plan. This portion ofTown is zoned Maritime Forest Environmental District for thej purposes of environmental. protection. Also included in this area (south of Run Hill State Natural. Area) is Thel Natural Conservancy Land which isz zoned MFED and Covermeny/nstinationa -] Public. The remaining 387 acres of vacant land are, for the most part, zoned for either residential or commercial use. Development of these vacant parcels is governed by ai number of local ordinances and State and Federal regulations. The use of vacant! land, and redevelopment of existing development to new uses, must comply with standards defined in the Town of  Kill Devil Hills Zoning Ordinance.  The) Killl Devil Hills zoning ordinance is considered a pyramidal or cumulative zoning code. This variation of Euclidian zoning is less commonly used today. It does still afford a great level ofj protection for single-family: residential uses when located in as single-family residential district because that is the exclusive use: allowable in that zone. However, in this scheme, each successively more intense zoning category (multi-family, commercial, and industrial) allow most of the uses from thej previous zones.  Euclidean zoning is a convenient nickname for traditional as-of-right or self-executing: zoning in which: district regulations are explicit; residential, commercial, and industrial usesare segregated; districts are cumulative; and bulk and height controls are imposed. Source: American Planning Association.  The uses at the top of thej pyramid can slide down to the zones below, but not back up. For example, in this scheme, multi-family and single-family would be allowed in a commercial zone. The reverse is not true, so a commercial use would notl be allowed in a multi-family or single-family residential zone. The fact that this type of zoning would allow a single-family use to bel built in an industrial zone gives the property owner more discretion, but dilutes the power of protection intended in zoning. There are: nine Zoning Districts included in the Town of Kill Devil Hills Zoning Ordinance (see Map 12).  The following provides a summary of these districts:  Ocean Impact Residential (OIR). Zone: The OIR: zone: is established in an effort to promote health, safety and welfare and tol limit the level ofj peril to the public welfare associated with dwellings and other structures located in that part oft the town that borders on the Atlantic Ocean and which is subject to tropical storms, storm surges, hurricanes and shoreline migration. Low Density Residential (RL). Zone:' The RL: zone is established as an areai in which thej principle use of thel land is for single-family residences and isi intended to preserve and enhance low-to- High Density Residential (RH) Zone: The) RH zonei is established as an: area toj preserve, enhance Commercial (C) Zone: The C: zone is established primarily to encourage convenient and accessible sales, service, entertainment, and professional and business facilities to the general  medium density neighborhoods.  and encourage high density neighborhoods.  Page 3-40  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  populace of thet town ins such a manner that will not infringe upon nor degrade the natural Light Industrial Two (LI-2). Zone: The LI-2: zonei is established toj provide standards for the location of commercial services which are required for the development oft the town. Itis the intent of this section to regulate and buffer such uses so that their location will not be detrimental Light Industrial One (LI-1). Zone: The LI-1 zone: is established toj provide standards for the location of commercial services which are required for the development of Kill Devil Hills; such facilities as wholesale food and beverage warehousing, building supply facilities and other similar uses which are: required elements of a self-sufficient community. Itis thei intent of this section to regulate and buffer such uses sot that their location will not be detrimental to adjacent uses, the environment and sources of] potable water, such as thel Fresh! Pond and groundwater. Govermment and Institutional - Public (G/I-Public): Zone: The G/I-Public zone is established to provide the proper location and setting for governmental use and institutional operation, structures, and equipment necessary for providing public services and the maintenance of public Government and Institutional - Private (G/I-Private). Zone: The G/I-Private zone is established toj provide proper location for privately-owned wastewater treatment facilities and multi-family Maritime. Forest Emvironmental. District (MFED): The MFED: zone is established to conserve the natural resources and environment located within the' Town collectively known as the) Maritime Forest. Thel MFED: is created to require that any development bec compatible with the vronmenalysenative setting of Nags Head Woods Maritime Forest.  qualities of residential: neighborhoods.  to adjacent uses.  health and well-being.  planned unit developments.  Table 15. Zoning Zoning District OIR RL RH C LI-1 LI-2 G&l-Public G&l-Private MFED Not Zoned* Total  Acres 208.3 899.2 20.7 568.4 41.2 41.6 750.2 56.1 507.2 19.9 3,112.8  %ofTotal 6.7% 28.9% 0.7% 18.3% 1.3% 1.3% 24.1% 1.8% 16.3% 0.6% 100.0%  *There are three smalli islands adjacent to Colington Island thatj fall within the Town's corporate limits. The Town has not  zoned this upland ared. Source: Town of Kill Devil Hills, HCP, Inc. CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-41    Map 12. Zoning  Legend Dare County Roads C G/I (Public) G/I (Private) LI-1 LI-2 MFED OIR RH RL  Kitty Hawk Bay Albemarle Sound  Atlantic Ocean  Oyster Point  Blount Bay  Buzzard Bay  0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75  Miles  Source: Town of Kill Devil Hills, Dare County    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Appraised Value Per Acre  Understanding the financial impacts of particular types of development can help a community become more: fiscally sound. Specifically, iti isi important to understand the value ofa all land use classes froma proportional standpoint. Calculating thej per acre appraised value of each different land use: reveals development types that may be most beneficial to the' Town from a revenue perspective. Of the existing developed land use categories, the mixed use category yields the greatest average appraised value per acre; however, single-family residential is extremely close in comparison. These development types yield higher tax revenues per acre primarily due tot their increased density (number of units per acre). The following, provides a summary of value per acre of developed land based on the existing land use  map (seel Map 11). Table 16. Total Value Per Acre  %0 of Total Land Use Acreage 6.4% 1.0% 19.2% 0.2% 3.1% 37.1% 2.8% 30.2%  Land Use Commercial Industrial Office andI Institutional Mixed Use Multi-Family Residential Single-Family Residential Recreational Vacant/Unimproved  $per Acre Value $494,470 $234,890 $135,162 $379,943 $28,677 $552,283 $125,303 $134,204  Source: Dare County Tax Office, HCP, Inc., Town of Killl Devil Hills.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-43    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  SUMMARY Natural Systems  The year-round temperature average in Kill Devil Hills is 70 degrees F. The summer temperature ayerage is 80 degrees F, while the winter temperature average: is 49 degrees F. The topography within Kill Devil Hills is generally flat; however, the Wright Brothers Memorial Approximately 68% of thel Kill Devil Hills corporate limits is located within a designated During a slow moving hurricane, as defined by the Sea, Land, and Overland Surges from Hurricanes (SLOSH) model, approximately 44% of the' Town will be inundated by a Category 1& Since 1996, the' Town ofl Killl Devil Hills has been impacted by tenl landfalling hurricanes. There are: sixteen different soil types located within Kill Devil Hills, which are primarily Fresh Pond is a currently designated water supply watershed located within Kill Devil Hills. There are also three wellhead protection areas within the Town's corporate limits. Estuarine waters are located along the Town's western shoreline adjacent to the Albermarle Approximately 14% of the' Town's corporate limits are comprised of Coastal Wetlands. The oceanfront portions of Kill Devil Hills are: subject to excessive erosion and the effects of erosion stemming from surge associated with hurricane/tropical storm events, The Town of Kill Devil Hills undertook its first beach: nourishment project in 2017, resulting ina Kill Devil Hills has three areas within the Town's corporate limits designated as NC State Natural Heritage. Areas including: Kitty Hawk Bayl Islands, Wright Brothers Dune Barrens, andi Nags There are noi marinas or mooring fields located within the Town of Kill Devil Hills. Significant portions of Kitty Hawk Bay, Blount's Bay, and Buzzard Bay support the growth of Kill Devil Hills is located within thel Pasquotank River Basin, part of the Albermarle-Pamlico Estuarine system, considered the second largest estuarine system in the United States.  has a vertical elevation of 90 feet above sea level.  floodplain (A, AE or VE).  2storm, while roughly 62% willl bei inundated by a Category 3 storm.  comprised of fine sands.  Sound.  storm protection project which widened 2.6 miles of shoreline,  Head Woods/Run Hill.  subaquatic vegetation.  Page 3-44  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 3. EXISTING CONDITIONS  Community Facilities  Killl Devil Hills is served by the Outer Banks Hospital located inj neighboring Nags Head. Thel Dare County Health Department provides a variety of health and human services aimed at Thel Kill Devil Hills Police Department maintains four divisions and provides protection for roughly 7,000 residents during off peak months and 36,000 during summer months. Thel Kill Devil Hills Ocean Rescue Division operates under the' Town's Fire Department and was Dare County operates eight EMS: Stations. The Kill Devil Hills station is located at 16321 North Croatan Highway and serves as the County's EMS administrative headquarters. Emergency Management for the Town of Kill Devill Hills is overseen by Dare County; however, the Town administration and first responders are also directly involved in his process. Kill Devil Hills maintains twenty-nine beach access points, which have varying access facilities. There are several public recreation facilities located within the Town of Kill Devil Hills including Family Recreation Park, Meekins Field, Aviation Park, Copley Park, and Hayman Park. The water system within Kill Devil Hills is owned and operated by the' Town and peak demand clearly comes during summer months. The water is purchased! from Dare County, The) Killl Devil Hills' Wastewater Treatment Plant, LLC, provides central sewer service to certain The Town of Killl Devil Hills provides curb side waste collection services; however, curb side recycling service is available through a franchise agreement with Outer Banks Hauling on: a subscription basis. The Town maintains a Recycling Center and bulk trash drop off for all  improving the overall health of County residents.  initiated in 1998 (prior to that it was a contracted service).  portions of' Town.  residents. Existing Land Use  There are eight existing land use categories designated within Kill Devil Hills including: Commercial, Industrial, Office and Institutional, Mixed Use, Multi-Family Residential, Single- Approximately 59% of the' Town's vacant acreage, as indicated by the existing land use map, is The Town of Killl Devil Hills maintains nine zoning districts ranging from Industrial Thel highest value existing land use within Kill Devil Hills is the Single-Family Residential category with a developed value of $552,283 per acre, while Commercial properties are a close  Family Residential, Recreational, and' Vacant/Unimproved. comprised of land thati is protected and/or considered fragile area. development to the Maritime Forest Environmental District.  second at $494,470 per acre.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 3-45    SECTION 4. ROJECTIONS/FUTURE DEMAND  INTRODUCTION  This section of the Comprehensive Plan: focuses on the future demand for Kill Devil Hills, This  discussion addresses a range ofi issues including the following:  Population Projections  Future Community Facilities and Services Needs  This discussion of community facilities and services needs combined with a discussion of future) land use in Section 5i isi intended toj provide a foundation for the development of thei implementing actions component oft this plan. These sections provide as summary of need with regard to community services and facilities while also defining future growth and land use patterns. Permanent and seasonal population projections are provided as al baseline for determining thei increased need for Town-sponsored  programs, services, and community facilities. POPULATION PROJECTIONS  Establishing future population forecasts for the' Town of Kill Devil Hillsi is essential to determining impacts toi infrastructure and community services/needs. However, calculating population projections is ad difficult task and all forecasts are: subject to a variety of unforeseen factors. Population forecasting is as Straight-line" population growth trends over time are typically used to calculate population projections. Because most of Kill Devil Hills allows for residential development in every zone (with the excéption of Government and Institutional - Public [G/I-Public] zoning district), straight-line projections arenot considered appropriate. As discussed in Section 3 oft the plan, development throughout Kill Devil Hills is subject tos standards outlined ini the Town's pyramidal or cumulative. zoning code. Table 171 providesa  much an art asi iti is a science.  summary of population projections for the Town of Kill Devil Hills.  Table 17. 2035 Population Projections of Housing Units 6,743 Population Estimate 6,948 Population Estimate 35,852 2008.  2035 Estimated Housing Units' 8,263 Population Estimate 7,092 Population Estimate 39,938  20351 Total Peak 2035 Total Daily  20161 Total Number 20161 Total Housing Total Number of 2035 Total Housing Seasonal Daily Peak Population 2016F Permanent 2020 Permanent 2025 Permanent 2030 Permanent 2035 Permanent 2016F Peak Seasonal 2020 Peak Seasonal 2025 Peak Seasonal 2030 Peak Seasonal 2035 Peak: Seasonal  Occupancy 27,792 Population Estimate 7,012 Population Estimate 37,668  Occupancy 36,425 Population Estimate 7,172 Population Estimate 42,208  Visitorsa 8,060 Population Estimate 7,265 Population Estimate 44,485  Estimate 44,485  12035 number of housing units is based upon an average increase of 80 housing units per) year during the planning period (19) years x80 housing units pery years = 1,520 additional housing units). This figure was determined. by assessing building permit activity dating back to 22035 total housing occupancy is based upon the number ofi increased housing units (1,520) times the persons per household as reported int the US Census. Persons, per household assumes that approximately: 91.2% of the new units willl be rental occupiedo as reportedi int the 2016. American Community. Survey. The remaining units assume an average household: size af2.37as reported by the US Census, 1,520X91.2%- 1,3861 rental-occupied units X6A persons per household: = 8,316, persons; 134 owner-occupied: housing units  X2.37 persons per household: 317, persons; 8,316+ +. 317= 8,633 persons. 32035 total peaks seasonal daily visitors is based on 20166 estimates (see page. 2-2).  Source: US Census Bureau and HCP, Inc. CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 4-1    SECTION 4. PROJECTIONS/FUTURE DEMAND FUTURE COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES NEEDS  Many factors have an: impact on thel land use, infrastructure, and transportation systems within a given jurisdiction. For Kill Devil Hills, thej primary impacts are: related toa a growing permanent population, increasing use of second homes (throughout the entire year - notj just during typical vacation season), increasing visitation in thej pleasant spring and fall: seasons, the desire for additional amenities, and While managing these impacts, the! Town must stay true toi its core identity, and recognize that Killl Devil Hills succeeds in its desirability as a beach destination that embraces its traditional family beachi image and small-town atmosphere. Community infrastructure and: services such as utilities, beach nourishment, police, fire, emergency medical services, public services, and recreation will all be affected by these factors, as well as projected growth and development. Projected needs that will result from future development and changes to thel land use pattern are discussed in this section, in addition to  sustained economic growth for local businesses.  impacts on infrastructure and services. Public Safety (Police and Fire Departments).  Based on the mutual needs of these departments, the discussion of future demand has been coordinated between the two departments. Discussions with staff personnel ofl both the police and fire departments has provided a consensus that there is a substantial need for a' Town) Public Safety Facility. Currently, the departments are. housed independently within facilities that are, at times, inadequate for the needs and demands ofs supporting the Town's growing population. This situation becomes especially problematic A Town public safety facility would serve: a variety of needs as well as address deficiencies regarding each department's current facility arrangements. One of thej principal benefits of establishing this facility would bet the ability of emergency service and police personnel to remain on thei island in the event ofa The proposed facility would not only assist in protecting personnel, but will ensure protection of evidence and records associated with! Police Department investigations, as well as Fire Department inspection records and equipment. The Public Safety Building would serve as an on-sitel Emergency Operations Command Center when needed and should have the capacity tol house and feed, ata The following provides additional needs identified specifically by department. There is no current plan toa address these needs; however, the' Town will continue to seek grant funding to assist in the acquisition and/or construction of these facilities throughout implementation of this plan. It should bes noted that both thel Police and Firel Departments are on a regular rotation for both equipment and vehicle  during peak summer months, as well as during hurricane/tropical. storm events.  Category 4, and possibly Category 5,1 hurricane event.  minimum, thirty Town personnel.  replacement as a component of the Town's capital budgeting program.  Police Department:  Construct a Town-sponsored firing range for officer training and development, This effort may be accomplished in concert with the Town of Nags Head. Acquire a modern computer-based fingerprinting machine. Increase resources for Ocean Rescue as need is determined.  Firel Department:  Page 4-2  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 4. ROJECTIONS/FUTURE DEMAND  Establish a Quick Response Unit comprised of volunteers and former staff personnel to supplement existing response companies. Itis anticipated that the scope of these Quick  Response Units willi increase as the Town's population increases.  Parks and Recreation  The' Town of Killl Devil Hills completed an update ofi its parks and recreation plan in 2004. The plan provided the following recommendations to improve thej provision of parks and recreation facilities and services to the citizens of] Kill Devil Hills. Its should be noted that these recommendations reflect general  policies and projects not completed to date.  Develop cooperative agreements with other area recreational providers including the YMCA, Dare County Senior Services, and the Dare County Parks and) Recreation Department for programming and staffing of activities and events utilizing Town-owned sites and facilities. Review (every five years or when circumstances dictate) andi revise as) necessary the memorandum of understanding between Kill Devil Hills and Dare County concerning the operation and maintenance plan for Meekins (Commissioners) Field at 1634) North Croatan Solicit and use assistance from youth groups such as the Boy Scouts of America, Girl Scouts of America, Grounded Adventure Club, and civic groups such as the Rotary Clubi for site Charge the Building and Grounds Division with recording (photographs and written documentation) improvements to facilities and at sites as they are completed, and marking Charge the Building and Grounds Division with developing and maintaining a maintenance routine schedule: in spreadsheet: form to chart activities, expenditures; recommendations for improvements and activities at sites, and general observations of site and facility conditions. Consider and incorporate parks and recreation related activities and facilities into planning for thej potential conversion of the Fresh Pond Park and surrounding property from aj primary water Consider revisions to the 1998 Town of Kill Devil Hills Shoreline Access Plan Update. Evaluate the appropriateness of including recreational uses and facilities when Town-owned Evaluate the potential for and appropriateness of developing recreational uses and facilities on land(s) that may be considered for acquisition by the' Town or offered/donated to the Town. Consider revisions to thel Kill Devil Hills 2004 Recreational Facilities Plan Update as  Highway.  maintenance and event staffing.  improvements such as utility line locations on exhibits and maps.  source/water protection areas to other uses.  land is considered for sale for development or improvement.  improvements are: made and projects are completed.  Seek grant money and/ /or consider additional Town funding for new recreational facilities and  improvements to existing facilities.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 4-3    SECTION 4. PROJECTIONS/FUTURE DEMAND  Seek grant money and/ /or consider additional Town funding for conceptual planning and design Support efforts to acquire land in central Kill Devil Hills for use as a park site and to provide additional connection to existing oceanfront facilities or to those that may be acquired or Support efforts to increase and improve the' Town's bike and pedestrian facilities and seek grant money and/or consider additional Town funding for new bike and pedestrian facilities and  of improvements. at Fresh Pond Park and Hayman Park.  developed..  improvements to and/ /or extensions of existing facilities.  The following addresses specific recommendations regarding existing and proposed park facilities:  Projects at Aviation Park:  Construct penalty boxes. Install electric score/bulletin board. Construct special events pavilion. Complete as-built survey of site utilities. Install Town identification sign. Install 4001 linear feet of split-rail wooden fence. Develop nature walking trail and designated natural areas.  Projects at. Fresh Pond Park:  Develop interconnection with and parking ata adjacent Town-owned (water plant  building) property. Provide. landscaping. Projects at Hayman Park: Replace swing set. tables. drainfield system. Install bike rack. Replace sign.  Install three (3) picnic tables and construct concrete pads/in-ground mounts for picnic Construct 40' x 20 open air pavilion with restrooms, water: fountains, and septic tank  Relocate perimeter fencing toi increase usable park/field area. Modify/relocate irrigation system to meet area needs after fence relocation.  Replace children's: picnic table. Complete as-built survey of site irrigation system. Install two (2) portable soccer goals.  Projects at Meekins Field:  Pavej parking area (to the south) adjacent to existing lot; plant trees to screen parking area and the (fenced) area under the water tower; install signage, striping, and movement  controls in parking area; and repair existing parking lot. Install concrete pad (if necessary) for bike rack.  Install perimeter landscaping. Install bike rack.  Page 4-4  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 4. ROJECTIONS/FUTURE DEMAND  Replace tennis nets.  Replace restroom building and fencing. Install two (2) picnic tables. Install concrete pads for twoj picnic tables. Install fence around entire perimeter. Replace tennis court screen. Complete as-built survey of site utilities.  Relocate portion of sidewalk along first base line to accommodate bleachers. Install concrete pad behind home plate backstop for bleacher and picnic table plaçement..  Water System  As outlined in Section 3 of the plan, the' Town of Killl Devil Hills owns and maintains water distribution lines that serve the entire planning jurisdiction. The Town does not treat the water; iti is purchased from Dare County at a negotiated rate and capacity. Itisanticipated that the current demand and remaining allotted capacity will be adequate to support projected development throughout thej planning period. The' Town will continue to follow and implement the water system improvement recommendations. as  outlined in the' Town of Kill Devil Hills Water Master. Plan.  Sewer System  As discussed in Section 3 of thej plan, the Town of Kill Devil Hills does not provide wastewater treatment services to' Town residents. The' Town does maintain a sewer line along Ocean. Acres Drive, which will continue operation through the planning period. A majority of the Town relies on conventional septic tanks treatment with subsurface drainfield disposal; however, properties within the Southern Sanitary District have access toa aj privately-owned wastewater facility through the Ocean Acres Wastewater System. The private system (KDHWWTP) is also available in other areas of Town at thej property owner'se expense. The Town will continue to rely primarily upon individual septic tank systems asa wastewater solution throughout the planning period. Septic tank failures have not been an impediment  tod development within the' Town. Street Maintenance Town-Maintained Streets  Asi noted in Section 3, Kill Devil Hills' road network is comprised of private roads, Town-maintained streets, and: state-maintained Colington Road, US Highway 158, and NCI Highway 12. In total, the' Town isr responsible for maintaining 62.99 linear miles of public right-of-way. The Town of Kill Devil Hills utilizes funding provided, in part, through the Powell Bill program for maintenance and improvement of all town-maintained streets as well as the Town's Capital Reserve fund. The Town maintains aj prioritized maintenance schedule that is revisited on an annual basis in accordance with the ayailability of Powell A detailed breakdown of proposed street improvements is provided in Appendix E of the plan. This summary provides all proposed improvements recommended by the Town's Street Improvement Special  Bill funding in a given fiscal year.  Project Subcommittee through fiscal year 2021, as of the drafting of this plan.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 4-5    SECTION 4. PROJECTIONS/FUTURE DEMAND  State-Maintained Streets  The two main thoroughfares providing access to Kill Devil Hills, as well as a majority oft the Outer Banks, arel NCHighway 12 and US Highway 158. These roads are owned and maintained by NCDOT. The following provides a summary ofj proposed improvements regarding US 158 as outlined in thel Dare Identified Problem: Existing US: 158 is projected tol be over capacity by 2040 from the Currituck County line to 8th Street, and near capacity from 8th Street to US6 64. There is significant congestion on this facility during thes summer tourist season. Thej primary purpose ofi improving US 158 is toi relieve congestion on the existing facility such that a minimum Level of Service (LOS) D can be achieved, and toi improve mobility of the facility through Dare County, consistent with the North Carolina Strategic Highway Corridor (SHC) Vision Plan. Another desired outcome of this improvement is Justification of Need: US 158i is ai major corridor in Dare County that connects Currituck County in the north to US64 on the southern end, which leads westward to Roanoke Island and the mainland. This facility is thej primary north-south connector through thet towns of Kitty Hawk, Kill Devil Hills, and Nags Head, which comprise the more densely populated portion of the Outer Banks in Dare County. Ita also serves as a parallel alternative to aj portion of NC12, whichi is a 2-lane facility that runs along the coastline through the entirel length of the Outer Banks. By 2040, the facility is projected tol be over capacity from the Currituck County line to 8th Street and near capacity from 8th Street tol US64, based onj providing al LOSI D. Summer weekday traffic counts are projected toi increase in: range from 20,800 to 34,500 vehicles per day (vpd) in 2012 to 27,500 to 45,500 vpd in 2040, compared to aLOSD  County Comprehensive Transportation Plan, which was adopted in July 2015.  safety. An explanation of DOTI level of service is provided in Appendix F.  capacity of 32,650 vpd for most of the facility.  Multi-Modal Transportation  Apart from the recommendations on the two major corridors through Kill Devil Hills, several sidepaths; sharrows, and signed: routes are recommended toi improve connectivity for cyclists and build on existing bike infrastructure. Additional multi-modal trails will supplement the 3.61 mile multi-use trail along Bay and Canal Drives on the west side of the island. Bicycle boulevards are: recommended where roadways are connected for several blocks in a row between US1 158 and) NC12. These boulevards will provide an alternative option for cyclists that prefer low-trafficroadways and can bei implemented affordably within Multi-modal transportation: is critical to a barrier island coastal community such as Kill Devil Hills. Not only does this transportation provide an: alternative source of travel for pedestrians and cyclist(s), but these facilities also serve as economic development opportunities, demonstrating improvements in quality ofl life for both citizens and visitors. Providing a robust multi-modal system assists in reducing The following outlines needs and proposed improvements: regarding multi-modal transportation in) Kill  existing right-of-way.  overall trip counts, especially during peak summer: months.  Devil Hills as outlined in the Albemarle Regional Bicycle Plan completed in 2013:  US1 1581 bears the weight of local access and regional mobility. Locally, the corridor serves as the commercial and residential lifeline for Kitty Hawk, Kill Devil Hills, and Nags Head. It also provides critical mobility for regional trips and during evacuations. US1581 is designated as a  Page 4-6  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 4. PROJECTIONS/FUTURE DEMAND  boulevard in need of upgrade as part of the state's Strategic Highway Network. Several issues make the corridor dangerous for bicycle travel: hight traffic volumes, unpredictable automobile movements, ani inconsistent bicycle network, limited safe crossing opportunities, and multiple US158 provides access to numerous activity centers (e.g., the Wright Brothers National Memorial) as well as the majority oft thel beach's commercial properties and residences. Many cyclist crashes have occurred along the corridor, indicating a need to address bicycle safety. Ina addition to thei improvements outlined above, the' Town of Killl Devil Hills currently budgets $100,000 for expansion the" Town's existing multi-use path and sidewalk network through the' Town's Capital Reserve fund. As development occurs throughout Town, sidewalk installation will be required as outlined in the Town's Zoning Ordinance and Subdivision Regulations. A majority of the budgeted funds are being utilized to fill in gaps created through current and past development.  accesses cut from side streets and businesses.  Stormwater Management  The Town of Killl Devil Hills prepared a Stormwâter Management Plan in 2010, in an effort to reduce flooding and non-point source pollution associated with stormwater runoff, thus protecting public and private property and the resources crucial tot the' Town's economic viability and quality of life. Major A. Regulations, criteria and policies to reduce the negative effects that filling a developing property B. Increased use, inj public and private projects, of Best Management Practices (BMP's), especially infiltrative BMP's. A Stormwater Design Manual was suggested as a way of promoting infiltrative practicès, including perforated storm drainage pipes encased in filter fabric ("sock drains"), depressed roadside swales and other areas where stormwater can collect and wait to Allowance of modest increases in residential lot coverage in exchange for engineered BMP's. D. More detailed standards for the management" of 4.3 inches of rain (nominally, the 10-year,2- hour event) in non-residential areas, including special provisions when storage within sandy soil is counted in addition to open storage volume, freeboard" requirements on detention pond E. Inclusion of stormwater elements intoj public projects whose primary purpose may be street F. Clearer requirements that stormwater leaving a development site must be discharged toa Significant strides have been made toward achievement of these objectives set forth in the 2010  topics of the Plan included the following:  can have on adjacent already-developed land and Town rights-of-way.  infiltrate.  banks in areas where pond overflow would be detrimental, etc. improvements or replacement of aged water distribution lines.  suitable outfall.  Stormwater Management Plan.  For those affecting private development, most changes have been through policy and standards changes, as opposed to ordinance amendments. The extensive use of pervious concrete parking lot pavement in two major commercial developments in recent years is an example,  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 4-7    SECTION 4. ROJECTIONS/FUTURE DEMAND  Ini the case of public projects, the principles of B: and E: abovel have been thoroughly integrated  into the design of the Town's capital improvement projects.  Several million dollars of stormwater infrastructure have been accomplished in the last 10 years, and such progress is] programmed to continue well into the next decade in accordance with a schedule of projects reviewed annually by the Street Improvement and Special Projects Committee, the Planning Board, and the Board of Commissioners. Key elements of this long-range capital project planning, furthering the  objectives listed above are:  Significant capacity improvements in the main "trunks" of key stormwater systems in the area.  For example, these have included:  Afull ten-fold increase in the capacity of the Memorial Boulevard: system from Ocean Bay Boulevard northward to Woodmere Avenue and wrapping the Wright Memorial property northward and westward to thel NCDOT culvert under US148 at Asheville Drive. These improvements, accomplished in 2015, provide primary service to1 150 acres ofl land and secondary support to another 675 acres: served primarily by the three ocean Atwo- to five-fold increase in the capacity of the drainage system drainage southward from the Dare Centre, across the' Town'sf fire station/water storage and pumping complex and on through thel Publix and Lowe's site (thel latter accomplished by those private developments). These improvements serve over 200 acres, with incremental Extensions of these systems in 2020 and beyond will bring further improvements to their  outfalls.  completion in 2012, 2018, and 2019. more upstream reaches.  The use of smaller-diameter "sock drains,"t typically with infiltration swales above them, has characterized every street improvement project from 2010 on, and some even older. These extremely cost-etfective: systems do convey stormwater to an outfall, but their even more important purpose is to manage the groundwater table, often for 200' or more to either side of the pipe itself. For example, if the "sock drain" system, installed 3.5 to 4 deep, has lowered the groundwater to 30" below thes surface, the pores and that sandy soil is open to receive all the runoff from a 10-inch rain event. Since such an event typically includes short-duration bursts of very heavy rainfall rates, thej provision of swales and other depressions above and near the "sock drain" are: needed so that excess runoff can "wait its turn" to infiltrate into the dry soil. This strategy has been validated in several extreme rainfall events, either preventing flooding or, in the remarkable Hurricane Matthew event, significantly reducing its severity and duration. Accordingly, sock drain will continue tol be a mainstay oft the Town's storm drainage/stormwater The Hurricane Matthew event of October 8/9, 2016 deserves special mention. 13.7inches of rain were recorded tol have fallen in] Killl Devil Hills in less than a day, with about 13 inches falling between 10 pm and 4 am. Incredibly, using the nomograph generated by thel NOAA Precipitation Frequency Data Server (PFDS), this represent the 2,000-year, 6-hour storm. The Town Engineer has opined that these extreme rain events seem to be more frequent and more severe than thej past statistics which underlie thel PFDS, and may be an effect ofs some degree of  management strategy,  Page 4-8  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 4. ROJECTIONS/FUTURE DEMAND  climate change. In any case, regardless of exactly what Nature serves up, Town staff and Town  Engineer propose to continue stormwater management policies that: Aggressively address historical drainage problem areas, Promote infiltration. for better water quality, Avoid high-groundwater: events that worsen flooding, and Accomplish these goals through innovative, cost-effective approaches.  Beach Nourishment  As noted in Section 3 of the plan, the! Town of Kill Devil Hills recently completed the Town's initial beach nourishment effort involving 2.61 miles of beachfront. This project was completed in 2017 and has established a wide stretch of beach that will assist in mitigating potential storm damage associated with hurricanes, tropical storms, and nor'easters. Moving forward, the Town will monitor thej project annually ina accordance with the Beach Nourishment Shore Protection Maintenance Plan adopted in August 2017. Renourishment is scheduled on a 5-year interval in the plan. Funding willl bej provided through the County Beach Nourishment Fund (funds allocated through occupancy tax) and the Town's Municipal Service District associated with beach nourishment. Its should also be noted that the) North Carolina state legislature has recently established ai fund for coastal nourishment efforts. Itl has not yet been determined  how this fund will benefit the! Town of Kill Devil Hills.  SUMMARY  Iti is estimated that by the, year 2035, thej peak seasonal population in Kill Devil Hills will increase The Town of Kill Devill Hills Police and Fire Departments would like to establish al Public Safety Facility that would not only serve day-to-day needs, but will serve as an Emergency Operations The Town of Kill Devil Hills maintains 62.99 miles of public streets. Maintenance of these streets isf funded, in part, through the Powell Bill program while the majority of funding comes from the Town's Capital Reserve fund. Improvement of these streets is determined annually through the The current Dare County Comprehensive Transportation Plan outlines a range of improvements to US Highway 158 to address traffic congestion along the corridor, especially during peak Itisa anticipated that current water supply capacity, as outlined in Section 3 of thej plan, will be sufficient to support estimated demand through the planning period. The' Town of Kill Devil Hills does not operate a central sewer system; however, sewer servicei is available through the private sewer: serviçe utility provider KDHWWTP, LLC.  to 44,485.  Center during hurricane events in excess of a category 2 storm.  Town's appointed Street Improvement Special Project Committee.  summer months.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 4-9    SECTION 5. FUTURE LAND USE  INTRODUCTION  This section oft thej plan addresses Future Land Use including potential build-out oft the Town of Kill Devil Hills. The Future Land Usel Mapi provides an illustration of the Town's potential in terms of development and growth. There is not a significant amount of vacant property available for development within the' Town ofl Killl Devil Hills. However, current uses of land as well as potential redevelopment indicate that careful consideration should be given tot the future uses of land throughout Its should be noted that the following portions of the plan are based on the draft Future Land Use Map, which makes the assumption that the existing zoning will primarily remain inj place. The Conservation  the Town's planningi jurisdiction.  District allows single-family residential use with at two-acre minimum lot size.  FUTURE LAND USE MAP Methodology  Thel Future Land Use Map (Map 13) embodies the" Town of Kill Devil Hills' vision for future land use, and should be used as a foundational guide for decisions concerning the: zoning/rezoning of property. NCGS 160A-383 requires the following consistency statement with regard to: zoning amendments, which shall 1) As statement approving the: zoning amendment and describing its consistency with an adopted comprehensive plan and explaining why the action taken is reasonable and in the publici interest. As statement rejecting the zoning amendment and describing itsi inconsistency with an adopted comprehensive plan and explaining why the action taken is reasonable and in thej public interest. 3) As statement approving the zoning amendment and containing at least all of the following: a. A declaration that the approval is also deemed an amendment to the comprehensive plan. The governing board shall not require any additional request or appliçation for b. Ane explanation of the change inc conditions the governing board took into account in amending the: zoning ordinance to meet the development needs of the community,  not bes subject to judicial réview:  amendment to the comprehensive plan.  Why the action was reasonable and in thej public interest.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 5-1    SECTION 5. FUTURE LAND USE  Ifand when a zoning map amendment is requested and adopted upon; recommendation of the Planning Board and approval by the Board of Commissioners, the Future Land Use Map will be revised without additional public hearing consistent with the rezoning action as defined in the North Carolina General The future land use analysis includes five (5) Future Land Use categories (refer tol Map 13). These sectors  Statutes. are based on:  1) Current land use patterns; 2) Physical and man-made limitations; 3) Environmentally sensitiveareas;  4) Input received from thel Planning Board, public, and Town staff during development of thej plan;  and  5) Future Land Use goals and implementing strategies.  Future Land Use Categories  The following provides a definition of each Future Land Use category as depicted on) Map 13.  Commercial  These portions of' Town are dedicated to commercial land uses intended to provide goods, tourism-based serviçes, and businesses andj professional services tol both citizens and visitors. This district allows single- family, duplex, and multi-family residential development as defined within the Town's Zoning  Ordinance. Mixed use development is encouraged. Corresponding Zoning Districts - Commercial (C)  Residential  These areas are planned primarily fors single-family and duplex structures; however, multi-family (three units or more) development is permitted (if land is available). This category includes many existing areas that are already developed. Iti is the Town'si intent to encourage only residential in this future land use Corresponding Zoning Districts - Ocean Impact Residential (OIR), Low Density Residential (RL), High  category.  Density Residential (RH), Government and Institutional - Private (G/I-Private)  Conservation  The Conservation district involves portions of Town that are considered environmentally sensitive. Large portions of this district are protected from development through North Carolina state-owned deed restrictions and/ /or environmental conditions. Lots must be a minimum of two (2) acres unless platted prior tol November 18, 1991. Lots platted prior to November 18, 1991, are 'grandfathered" in. Corresponding Zoning Districts Maritime Forest Environmental District (MFED)  Page 5-2  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 5. FUTURE LAND USE  Industrial  These portions of Town are intended for use as light industrial facilities, which includes uses such as machine shops, warehousing/storage, and other commercialy-based light manufacturing operations. This district provides al location on the Outer Banks for these facilities to serve the community. The Corresponding Zoning Districts - Light) Industrial One (LI-1), Light Industrial Two (LI-2)  availability of land for these uses is limited. Government: and Public Institutional  These portions of the' Town of] Killl Devil Hills are dedicated to govermental/otice type uses. This district includes both the Wright Brothers Memorial and the' Town/County operational facilities. The properties within this district ares not currently available for private sector development. Corresponding Zoning Districts - Government and Institutional - Public (G/I-Public) Table 18 provides a summary of acreages associated with the future land use map.  Future Land Use Acreages Table 18. Future Land Use Land Use Commercial Conservation Industrial Low! Density Residential Medium Density Residential Government & Public Institutional * See Introduction to this section, page! 5-1.  Acres 944.2 539.6 95.9 625.4 315.9 591.8 3,112.8  % of Total 30.3% 17.4% 3.1% 20.1% 10.1% 19.0% 100.0%  Total  Source: Dare County Tax Office, Town ofk Kill Devil Hills, HCP, Inc.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 5-3    Map 13. Future Land Use  Legend Dare County Kill Devil Hills Town Limits Roads Future Land Use - Commercial Conservation industrial Low Density Residential Medium Density Residential Government & Publicl Institutional  KittyH Hawk Bay  Albemarle Sound  CysterP Poirt  Atlantic Ocean  -  BuzzardE Bay  0.1 0.2  Source: Town ofk Kill Devil Hills, Dare County  Page 5-4    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  INTRODUCTION  This plan establishes goals and implementing actions for the land use/quality of lifei issues that will affect Killl Devil Hills' future. This section also responds tot the NCAC7B requirements! for CAMA certified land use plans. The stated actions are designed to address issues which have been identified by the staff, Planning Board, Board of Commissioners, and citizens of Kill Devil Hills, The goals and implementing actions will also assist Town officials in making long-range decisions in such areas as economic development, provision of community services and facilities, transportation planning, community preservation, environmental management, and CAMA regulatory requirements. This section of thej plani includes specific implementing actions for each of the following areas of concern:  Public, Access. Land Use Compatibility. Infrastructure Carrying Capacity. Natural Hazard Areas. Water Quality. Local Concerns.  The responsibility fori implementing the recommendations included in this plan belongs to the Kill Devil Hills elected officials. The adoption of this plan is not the end but rather the beginning of a continuous pragmatic process. Opportunity exists for the' Town to provide positive direction to development as it continues to occur. Some of the actions stated in this) plan may be implemented in months while others may require years to accomplish effectively. Planning is only as good as thes commitment and abilities of thej people responsible fori implementing the plan. Kill Devil Hills is fortunate to have involved citizens, dedicated elected officials, and competent staff. Iti is expected that this benefit will continue into future Goals and implementing actions frequently utilize the following words: should, continue, encourage, enhance, identify, implement, maintain, prevent, promote, protect, provide, support, and work. The intent of these  years.  words is defined as follows:  Should: Follow an officially adopted course or method of action to implement the community goals. Though not mandatory as' "shall," iti is still an obligatory course of action unless clear reasons can be identified that an exception is warranted. Town staff and Planning Board should Continue: Follow past and present procedures to maintain desired goal, usually with' Town staff Encourage: Foster the desired goal through Town policies. Could involve' Town financial Enhance: Improve current goal to a desired state through the use of policies and Town staff at all Identify: Catalog and confirm resource or desired item(s) through the use of Town staff and  bei involved at all levels from planning toi implementation. involved at all levels from planning to implementation.  assistance.  levels of planning. This could include financial support.  actions. CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 6-1    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  Implement: Take actions to guide the accomplishment of the Plan recommendations. Maintain: Keep in good condition the desired state of affairs through the use of Town policies and Prevent: Stop described event through the use of appropriate Town policies, staff actions, Promote: Advance the desired state through the use of' Town policies and Planning Board and staff activity at all levels of planning. This may include financial support. Protect: Guard against a deterioration of the desired state through the use of Town policies, staff, Provide: Take the lead: rolei in supplying the needed financial and staff support to achieve the desired goal. The' Town is typically involved in all aspects from planning to implementation to Support: Supply the needed staff support, policies, and financial assistance at alll levels to achieve Work: Cooperate and acti in a manner through the use of' Town staff, actions, and policies to create  staff. Financial assistance should be provided ift needed. Planning Board actions, and Town finances, if needed.  and, if needed, financial assistance.  maintenance. the desired goal. the desired goal. PUBLIC INPUT  As successful planning process must have comprehensive, inclusive, and constructive input from the public. The plan will sèrve the needs of Kill Devil Hills' citizenry and should, therefore, be written on their behalf. Throughout the planning process; multiple methods were used to solicit public input. The Town's Planning Board, made up of key community representatives and citizens, was tasked with steering the consultant throughout thej process. In addition to input received from the) Planning Board, thes results of the 2007 and 2017 public input surveys were analyzed. The 2007 public input survey was mailed to 5,985) property owners; the survey was completed by 1,488 property owners. The 2017 public input survey was disseminated via SurveyMonkey (an online survey software); approximately 1,600 responses were: receiyed. Appendix G provides a summary comparison of the 2007 and 2017 results. Overall, citizen opinion, has not dramatically change since 2007 with the exception of off-shore oil exploration which was strongly opposed in 2017. The 2017 survey was completed by a slightly younger group than the 2007 likely due to the electronic survey versus thej paper survey done in 2007. Town-wide  meetings were, also used to gather citizen input.  Project Website  At the outset of thej project, a website dedicated to the preparation of the CAMA Land Use Plan was established htpl/pankdhcom.. All information concerning plan development was posted on the website. The website provided continuous access for thej public to obtain information and provide input.  As of August 22, 2018, there had been 1,087 visitors to the website.  Page 6-2  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  Public Meetings Use Plan:  Thel Planning Board conducted five (5), meetings to review/discuss thej preparation of the CAMA Land  February 20, 2018 April17,2018 May 15,2 2018 June 19, 2018 September 18, 2018  On] July 19, 2018, the Board of Commissioners. and Planning Board conducted aj joint public input/project review meeting. The policies/strategies: proposed for this plan were. reviewed, An open house meeting  was conducted on. the public. GOALS  20, to allow. thej public an opportunity to review and comment on the  draft plan prior to thej public hearing held on.  20 All meetings were advertised and open to  The following planning process goals have been heavily influenced by public input/opinion received during the planning process and thei input of the) Planning Board. An annual review of these goals should be conducted by the Board of Commissioners, and adjusted, if necessary, as implementation: is  accomplished.  Goal 1: Support public involvement in the governance of Killl Devil Hills. Goal 2: Promote and protect a family values and beach atmosphere. Goal 3: Promote fiscal responsibility and the value of taxpayer dollars,  Goal 4: Preserve the Town's natural resources.  Goal 5: Achieve strategies which promote appropriate development and redevelopment.  Goal 6: Promote better citizen understanding of land use planning. Goal 7: Preserve Killl Devil Hills' residential areas.  Goal 8: Support Kill Devil Hills' local economy as a year-round community. Goal 9: Support actions to diversify Kill Devil Hills' local economy. Goal 10: Support infrastructure which will adequately serve the Town's future.  Goal 11: Protect recreational water quality. Goal 12: Promote public beach access.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 6-3    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  POLICIES REGARDING LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT IN AEC'S  The Town of Killl Devil Hills accepts state and federal law regarding land uses and development: in AEC's. By reference, all applicable state and federal regulations are: incorporated: into this document. No policies exceed the use: standards and permitting requirements found in Subchapter 7H, State Guidelines for Areas of Environmental Concern. However, the Town of] Kill Devil Hills does not consider the following issuet to be relevant at this time within its planning jurisdiction: Peat or Phosphate Mining's The Areas of Environmental Concern and Fragile Areas within the' Town's planningi jurisdiction include  Impact on any Resource. the following:  Public trust areas as defined in 15A NCAC7H.0207 public trust areas.  404 wetland jurisdiction determinations (can only be made by Corps of Engineers personnel  through individual on-site analysis).  Fragile Areas.  Estuarine: waters as defined in 15A NCAC7H.0206. Coastal shorelines as defined in 15A NCAC7H.0209.  For the issuance of CAMA permits within areas of environmental concern, the state's minimum acceptable use standards are defined by 15A NCAC7H. Al local unit of government must adopt policies which are, ata a minimum, equal to and consistent with the: state's minimum use standards. Thes second area of land use plan application is that of establishing policies to guide the jurisdiction's local planning. This situation may apply both within areas of environmental concern where CAMA regulations apply and ini non-CAMA regulated areas of the Town's! planning jurisdiction. Under North Carolina legislation, land use plans are not regulatory controls. Non-CAMA related recommendations must be implemented with local land use ordinances such as zoning or subdivision ordinances. Ift this plan recommends that the average residential density should be three dwelling units per acre withina a particular area, then that density must be achieved through local zoning ordinance or other regulatory control. (This should not be confused with the interaction of the land use plan with the CAMA The final area of application is that of Consistency Review." Proposals and applications for state and federal assistance or requests: for agency approval or projects are normally reviewed againsta a jurisdiction's land use plan to determine if the project is consistent with local policies. Inconsistencies ofa project with local policies could serve as grounds for denial or revision ofa a project. For example, an individual or agency may request state or federal funding to construct a 30-unit low-to-moderate income housing project. If thej proposed location of thej project is within an area in which this land use: plan states that the residential density should not exceed two dwelling units per acre, the project may bej judged to  regulations and 15A NCAC7H use standards).  be inconsistent with the local land use plan. Note the following, policy clarifications:  Noj policy is subordinate to another, All management topics have equal status.  Page 6-4  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  The future land use mapi may show some areas in a developed category which may also include sensitive habitats or natural areas. The intent is that development should be esigned/Permitted toj protect these areas through utilization of concepts such as cluster development, Development/project: approval willl be based on project design which avoids substantial loss of Thel US Army Corps of Engineers maintains jurisdiction over freshwater wetlands.  important habitat/environmentally sensitive areas.  LAND USE PLAN MANAGEMENT TOPICS  A key objective of any comprehensive plan is the creation of ai robust and achievable set of goals, policies, and implementing actions. These items should support implementation of the future land use: map. Implementation of these strategies is the responsibility of the Town's elected officials, staff, and citizens. Decisions made as a résult oft this plan should serve to enhance the quality of life for residents, support long-term economic growth, and promote viable land use and development patterns. This plan serves as the Town's overall comprehensive plan and provides for compliance with the CAMA Land Use Plan CAMA Land Use Plans must support the goals of CAMA, define the CRC's expectations for thel land use policies, and provide al basis forl land use plan review and certification. Goals, policies, and implementing actions are provided for each of the following CAMA management topics: Public, Access, Land Use Compatibility, Infrastructure Carrying Capacity, Natural Hazard Areas, and' Water Quality, in addition tootherl local areas of concern. These strategies apply to the! Town's entire planningi jurisdiction. Please note: Policies and Implementing Actions are numbered consecutively throughout this document with the This plan is intended to support Kill Devil Hills' vision statement (page 1-9). Noi negative impacts are anticipated by thei implementation of the goals, policies, and implementing actions which are: included in this plan. All implementing actions are priontized/scheduled by:1 high; medium; low; or continuing. The scheduling for these priorities following plan adoption is: high - within 21 fiscal years (FY2018-2019 to FY2019-2020); medium -36 to 5 fiscal years (FY2020-2024); low - 6to 81 fiscal years (FY2025-2027); continuing a daily implementing action. This schedule is subject to annual reviews and update oft this Note: Iti is intended that all policies are consistent with applicable State and Federal requirements when  requirements.  letter "P" denoting aj policy and the letter "T" denoting an: implementing action.  Plan.  State and Federal requirements apply.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 6-5    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  Public Access  Public access is important to the' Town for thej provision of recreational access and as a contributor to the Management Goal: Maximize public access to thel beaches and thej public trust waters of the coastal Planning Objectives: Policies that address access needs and opportunities; with strategies to develop public access and provisions for all segments of the community, including persons with disabilities. For oceanfront communities, establish access poliçies for beach areas targeted for nourishment.  Town's tourism industry and quality of life.  region.  Policies:  P.1 The Town supports thej provision of access to the shoreline for residents and visitors of Killl Devil  Hills, including, persons with disabilities.  P.2 The Town supports improving its shoreliné accessibility..  Implementing Actions:  I.1 Support the recommendations of the Shoreline Access Plan, including acquisition of land and improvements to access facilities including parking, paths, and dune crossovers. The Town favors updating the Shoreline Access Plan every five years as necessary. Schedule: Contiming. I.2 Continue to seek out grant funding for the establishment of new beach and estuarine access sites through the Town's jurisdiction. Special attention will be given toj providing access to handicapped I.3 Maintain public access within the beach renourishment area to meet the US Army Corps of Engineers I.4 Monitor the use of personal watercraft and consider regulations for sound and ocean operation, if I.5 Support channel maintènance. activities in surrounding waters, particularly at the Dock Street public  individuals. Schedule: Continmuing.  standards for participation in beach nourishment projects. Schedule: Continuing.  deemed appropriate. Schedule: Continuing.  boat ramp and including partial local funding when necessary. Schedule: High.  Land Use Compatibility  Land use compatibility is always an important issue as the' Town seeks to balance growth with the protection of valuable natural resources. As development occurs, the Town desires to protect its maritime forest, estuarine, and extensive sensitive natural and open space areas. The futurel land use Management Goal: Ensure that development and use of resources or preservation of land balance protection of natural resources and fragile areas with economic development while avoiding risks to  mapi reflects the concentration of future development.  public health, safety, and welfare.  Page 6-6  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  Planning Objectives: Policies that characterize future land use development patterns and establish  mitigation criteria and concepts to minimize conflicts.  Policies:  P.3 The Town does not support heavy industry within its borders but supports commercial services and P.4 The Town supports redevelopment of developed areas only after review of plans for consistency with the' Town's adopted plans and regulations. Redevelopment should enhance the appearance of the Town P.5' The Town supports the regulation of land uses of unincorporated land within one mile of the Town's jurisdictional limit and is not opposed toj participating inf friendly annexations if favorable to the Town. P.6 The Town supports the efforts of thel Historic Landmarks Commission to identify and designate the P.7 The Town supports maintenance ofi itst traditional low profile skyline and image by limiting building height. The' Town supports maintaining the building height in the commercial and light industrial zoning districts as well as the lower height regulations in the residential and oceanfront zoning districts. P.8 The Town supports the use of alternative energy resources for both: residential and non-residential P.91 The' Town supports maintaining low-density residential development in the vicinity of the Wright Brothers National Historic Site along those portions of US 158 not zoned commercial. P.10 The' Town will maintain its three-tier approach to. land use and housing mix, with land west of US 158 used primarily for its permanent population residing in detached single-family dwellings. For land use east of NC12, development of single-family homes, hotels, and multi-family structures for vacation rentals willl be acceptable. Commercial zoning districts between the twol highways will continue to contain single-family dwellings used in a commercial application as short-term vacation rentals as well as P.11 Itis' Town policy that the Community Appearance Commission will advise the Board on improvements tot the community's: appearance, including studies and recommendations as may be P.12The Town supports enhancement to and the preservation ofi its family beach atmosphere and thus, does not encourage the construction, establishment, location, or operation of adult establishments within its borders or jurisdiction. However, the Town will permit those establishments in compliance with. P.13 The Town encourages public participation in alll land use decisions and procedure development processes and encourages citizen input via its boards, commissions, and agencies.. P.14 The! Town: supports the concept of a' Town center or creation of walkable community areas.  light industry in zoning districts where such uses are considered appropriate.  and improve the community atmosphere.  Town's historic structures.  property owners. The Town supports offshore wind farms.  private residences.  necessary to enhance thel NC12 and US 158 corridors.  Town codes.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 6-7    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES.  Implementing Actions:  I.61 Protect identified areas of archaeological or historical significance. Schedule: Continuing. 1.71 Encourage recreational activities including fishing and discourage commercial agriculture, forestry, 18 Support the concept ofs streetscape planning along US 158 including lighting, landscaping, signage, design standards, traffic calming, sidewalks and other multi-modal improvements to create a uniform 1.9 Support regulation of signs through the Town's zoning ordinance. The Town does not support signs I.10 Work to accommodate thei installation and use of alternative energy equipment and resources through amendments to the' Town Zoning and Subdivision Ordinances. Potential text amendments will consider potential impacts on adjoining property owners regarding thei installation and use of alternative 1.11 Support efforts to provide workforce housing within the Town boundaries. Schedule: High. L.12Study the impacts that may result from the placement of fill material and consider regulations with standards to mitigate impacts found to be detrimental to the Town. Schedule: Medium. 1.13 Continue to monitor and assess all impacts of large single-family homes in Kill Devil Hills. Schedule: 1.14 Consider an update to the Town's current Zoning, Subdivision, and Flood Damage Prevention Ordinances in an effort to streamline the development process and reduce the potential for land use conflicts. The ordinance updates will focus on the best land use practices and overall protection of public 1.155 Support the current regulatory efforts to maintain a moderate growth rate. The Town also supports government action toj promote redevelopment and to make the Town: a more desirable plaçe tol live and L161 Develop regulations to control outdoor display and storage of merchandise. Schedule: Low. 1.17 Support improvements tot the aging residential housing stock. Schedule: Low.  and mining. Schedule: Contiming.  corridor. Schedule: High.  using LED, LCD, or similar technologies. Schedule: High.  energy. Schedule: High.  Continuing.  and private infrastructure. Schedule: High.  locate. Schedule: Medium.  Infrastructure Carrying Capacity  Diversification of the Town's economy is dependent upon maintaining and providing adequate community and infrastructure services. In addition, future Town capital improvements plans will Management Goal: Ensure that publici infrastructure systems are: sized, located, and managed so the quality and productivity of AECS and other fragile areas are protected or restored. Planning Objectives: Policies that establish service criteria and ensure improvements minimize impacts  strongly influence thel location of future land uses.  to AECS and other fragile areas,  Page 6-8  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  Policies:  P.15 The Town: supports the establishment of a publicly-owned community-wide wastewater treatment system within the Government and Institutional Zone without surface water discharge of effluent for the protection oft the health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Killl Devil Hills and not to promote increased P.16 The Town supports the use of package treatment plants in the interim if they are affixed to the units they serve and if both the package treatment plants and the units they serve: are located within the boundaries of Kill Devil Hills. The' Town supports requiring periodic and regular inspection of private P.17 The Town supports exactions and system development fees from developers for required services and infrastructure improvements necessary to address impacts created by development., P.18' The Town opposes thej placement ofj public and multi-service energy facilities other than carefully planned substations within Town borders and supports thej placement of new and replacement distribution utility lines underground. The Town supports one electric transmission corridor within its P.19' The Town supports a "pay as you go" policy for the construction and improvements of streets as may be necessary to improve traffic flow and drainage. The Town is not opposed to the concept of P.20' The' Town advocates àj public transportation system which addresses the needs of its seasonal P.21 The Town supports thei installation of multi-modal transportation facilities. Potential facilities should: include shared bike lanes, dedicated bike lanes, sidewalks, and multi-use trails. Sidewalks should P.22' The Town: supports thej provision of adequate, accessible, well-maintained public recreational P.23 The Town supports consolidation of services through inter-local agreements and contracts when  dwelling density.  septic systems.  municipal boundaries.  alternative funding policies including special assessments. population, seniors, and year-round residents.  be established on all major thoroughfares including US: 158 and NC12.  facilities.  services can bej provided more cost efficiently through such agreements.  Implementing Actions:  1.18 Support the economical and efficient provision of potable water to its citizens and the construction and maintenance of facilities as necessary. Continue to rely on the Dare County Water Department: for providing water. Work with Dare County to study additional and alternative water sources including 1.19 Support the concept of requiring those who generate the demand to pay for street improvements that I.20 Support updates to the Street Improvement: Master Plan, creating a comprehensive approach to right of way planning to include all forms oft transportation, utility and stormwater; needs. Schedule: Medium.  maintenance of the Fresh Pond as a potable water source. Schedule: High. may be necessary to provide fors safe traffic movement. Schedule: Continuing.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 6-9    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  I.21 Support the expeditious completion of the following inter-jurisdictional road improvement projects  by the NC Department of Transportation:  Projects necessary to mitigate drainage problems and provide pedestrian and bicycle amenities Projects necessary to improve the entire SR: 1217 corridor including improvements to facilitate  along) NC: 12 and US1 158. bicycle and pedestrian traffic.  Replace all wire and pole signals with mast arm signals. Complete the four-laning of US 64 from. Raleigh to the coast. Construction of "Mid-County Bridge" across the Currituck Sound. Resurfacing/redesign/reconstruction of US158. Pedestrian crossings at signalized intersections on NC12 and US1 158. Support planning for seasonal public transportation. Schedule: High  I.22 Continue tol levy fees and exactions for development and infrastructure: improvements. Consider new fees where appropriate to address impacts created by development. Schedule: Contiming. I.23 Support curbside recycling and the current system of the' Town's drop-off recycling center. Schedule: 1.241 Review and encourage: implementation of the 2012. Albemarle Regional Bicycle Transportation Plan 1.25 Install multi-modal transportation facilities as new development occurs, streets are resurfaced, and through local investment as dictated by the Town's annual budget. These facilities should focus on establishing connectivity between bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure which currently exists throughout the Town's corporate limits. Solutions for various locations will be determined based on suitability and need. Special attention willl be given to portions of Town where connectivity among existing facilities is lacking as well as beach and estuarine access, points, parks, and community facilities. The Town will continue toi fund construction of these facilities through the annual budget, Powell Bill I.26 Support organized recreational activities and recommendations of thel Recreational Facilities Plan. The Town favors updating the Recreational Facilities Plan at least every five years or as necessary. 1.27 Support planning for public transportation on the Outer Banks including bus routes and stops tol be I.28 Continue to maintain a Capital Reserve Fund that will bel based on an annually approved Capital Improvements Plan. The Town will plan for the timely and conservatively cost-effective provisions of major capital improvements and services based on anticipated growth and demand. Schedule:  Continuing.  and update when NCDOT funds become available. Schedule: Low.  funding, and grant funding (when available). Schedule: Medium.  Schedule: Low.  considered with future roadway improvements. Schedule: Low.  Continuing. Natural Hazard Areas  Thej preservation of natural hazard areas isi important to the Town's quality of life and the economy. The Town must deal with a range ofi issues associated with: natural hazards, from hurricane preparation to  beach nourishment and management.  Page 6-10  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  Management Goal: Conserve and maintain barrier dunes, beaches, floodplains, and other coastal features for their natural storm protection functions and their natural resources giving recognition to Planning Objectives: Policies that establish mitigation and adaptation concepts and criteria for development and redevelopment, including public facilities, and that minimize threats tol life, property, and natural resources resulting from erosion, high winds, storm surge, flooding, or other natural hazards. P.24' The' Town supports the guidelines of the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA) and the associated policies of the Coastal Resources Commission (CRC) but reserves the right to oppose specific sections of CAMA and proposed rules or rule changes. The" Town is opposed to any additional AEC designations or P.25 The' Town supports US Army Corps of Engineers regulations as applicable, reserving the right to oppose any proposed modifications to existing regulations. The Town supports properly permitted P.26' The' Town supports the maintenance and management of maritime forests and supports the use of P.27' The' Town supports thej protection of fragile areas such as the Fresh Pond AEC and supports P.28' The Town supports long-term efforts to maintain and enhance the public trust beach through P.29' The Town will consider establishing: a higher regulatory standard for flood damage prevention including flood development requirements within the "X" flood zone: and increased freeboard  public health, safety, and welfare issues.  Policies:  the extension or enlargement of any existing AEC designations within its borders.  mitigation activities.  locally adopted management guidelines.  measures to mitigate potential adverse effects of industrial uses.  funding of al beach nourishment project using Federal, State, and local funds.  requirements in Special Flood Hazard Areas.  P.30' The' Town supports thel Dare County Emergency Management Plan.  P.31 The Town supports a post-disaster fund of state monies to supplement Federal disaster relief aid to be allocated tol North Carolina communities that have been declared major disasters.  Implementing Actions:  1.29 Continue to attend CRC meetings and submit opposition to regulations that will adversely affect I.30 Continue to monitor regulatory changes of USACOE: and submit opposition to regulations that will I.31 Continue toj participate in the CAMA permitting process with thej provision of al local permit officer, I.321 Require private owners of land in maritime forests to retain the natural wooded condition of their  development in Kill Devil Hills. Schedule: Contimuing.  adversely affect development in Kill Devil Hills. Schedule: Contimuing.  Schedule: Continuing.  property in accordance with the Town: zoning regulations. Schedule: Continuing.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 6-11    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  I.33 Support the development of aj passive/public recreation area located within and adjacent tol Fresh Pond. These facilities may: include both water: recreation and open space uses such as walking trails and picnic shelters. Seek grant funding as well as work with the' Town of Nags Head in these efforts., I.34 Support the preservation of the current undeveloped estuarine islands under the jurisdiction of Kill I.35 Support the continued construction of properly permitted estuarine bulkheads, but do noti issue bulkhead permits where substantial wetlands loss is imminent. Schedule: Continuing. I.36 Support the construction and revegetation of oceanfront sand dunes and oppose the mining of island 1.37 Support Dare County's efforts in a storm protection project involving Kill Devil Hills, Duck, Southern Shores, Kitty Hawk, and Nags Head. The Town also favors non-structural responses to erosion such as acquisition of existing endangered. structures, setbacks for new construction, and measures as may be necessary to protect property endangered due to erosion so severe that non-structural responses I.38) Require that individual property owners bear the cost of site-specific protection measures and mitigation costs when such measures cause damage to public beaches and down-drift property owners. 1.39 Support emergency measures such as emergency dunes and sand placement in response to: storm  Schedule: Medium.  Devil Hills. Schedule: Continuing.  dunes. Schedule: Continuing.  are: impractical or ineffective. Schedule: High.  Schedule: Continuing. events. Schedule: Continuing 1.40 Support the following:  Annual awareness campaigns and evacuation exercises.  Bridge and road improvements. as may be necessary to increase traffic flow on evacuation routes. Continuation of a full-time Dare County Emergency Management Coordinator and an annual update of the Dare County Hurricane Evacuation, Master Plan and Disaster. Assessment Team Erection of evacuation routei identification signs during hurricane season. Schedule: High. I.41 Hold annual meeting for development community to provide updates on local, state, and federal I.42) Initiate an education program to inform the public about the danger of flooding and how toj prevent I.43 Continue to participate in the Community Rating System (CRS) to educate and make the community safer from flood risks and to: reduce premiums for federal flood insurance. Schedule: Continuing. I.44 Continue to update and maintain the' Town's Hurricane Preparedness Plan annually and conduct 1.451 Maintain al Hazard Mitigation Plan for disaster preparedness and recovery. Work with surrounding  Personnel Roster.  floodplain regulations. Schedule: Continuing. property damage. Schedule: High.  annual disaster preparedness exercises. Schedule Continuing.  communities in development and revision of thej plan. Schedule: Medium.  Page 6-12  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  I.46) Participate in the federal Hazard Mitigation Grant Program to elevate severe repetitive loss 1.47 Update priorities for the issuance of permits after a disaster to reflect priorities such as lifes safety services, essential public utilities and services, and repair of storm damage. Seek to educate and encourage those applying for building permits to exceed minimum regulatory standards (both flood prevention and construction standards) toi increase: resiliency during and after a storm event. Schedule: 1.48 Support the concept of wildlife management within the Town limits. Partner with The Nature Conservancy to manage deer and other wildlife as appropriate. Schedule: Continuing.  structures. Schedule: High.  Continuing.  Water Quality  Water quality is important to the Town's qualify of life and economic development. Water quality impacts the Town's natural assets and the activities of the Town's population. Preservation of the Town's Management Goal: Maintain, protect, and where possible, enhance water quality in all coastal wetlands, Planning Objectives: Policies that establish strategies and practices to prevent or control nonpoint source  water quality demands proper management ofs stormwater runoff.  rivers, streams, and estuaries.  pollution and maintain or improve water quality.  Policies: limits.  P.32' The' Town supports mitigation of adverse impacts associated with stormwater runoff within' Town P.33 The Town supports Federal, State, and local efforts for navigational dredging projects. P.34' The Town is opposed to seismic testing and off-shore drilling for either exploration for, or production of, either oil or gas, and/or the location of onshore support facilities for such activities.  P.35 The Town supports voluntary water conservation measures.  P.36 The Town opposes floating homes and the residing upon or mooring of vessels inj public trust waters  adjacent to Kill Devil Hills. Implementing. Actions:  1.49 Continue to implement and update, as necessary, the Stormwater Management Plan. Schedule: High. 1.501 Promote stormwater management on single-family dwellings through Best Management Practices to 1.51 Enforce stormwater regulations for all non-single/two-tamly residential development. Schedule: 1.52 Oppose permit denial for navigational dredging projects if such denial is based on thej presence of  minimize effects. Schedule: Continuing.  Continuing.  submerged aquatic vegetation. Schedule: Contimuing.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 6-13    SECTION 6. GOALS AND STRATEGIES  1.531 Preserve recreational water quality through implementation of the Stormwater Master Plan. 1.54 Provide comments to State agencies when appropriate regarding offshore leases, protective policies,  Schedule: Continuing.  and revenue streams. Schedule: Continuing.  Local Areas of Concern  In addition to the CRC Management Topics outlined above, CAMA guidelines also allow for the inclusion of policies to address local areas of concern. The following provides strategies which address  concerns and/ori issues unique to the Town of Kill Devil Hills.  Policies:  P.37 The Town supports tourism and its recognition as an industry. The Town supports measures that P.38' The Town supports measures to provide continuous affordable insurance for Outer Banks residents and property owners. The' Town opposes insurance increases solely targeted at coastal areas and P.39 The Town supports architectural and design standards for all development and redevelopment other P.40 The Town supports seasonal restrictions on beach driving and limiting driving to daylight hours. 1.55 Support the continued provision of quality, affordable health care and the continued operation ofa 1.56 Support the construction of additional educational facilities as may be necessary. Schedule: Low. 1.571 Retain existing vegetation on lots and parcels to the extent practicable. The Town will support 1.581 Encourage citizen involvement through the Town's website, email communications, and attendance 1.59 Sustain the tourist economy and diversification of workforce including expanding medical and educational: facilities. Encourage development by increasing land use: intensities in selective opportunity I.60 Continue participation with NC-201 tol lobby for equitable insurance premiums. Schedule:  promote and enhance its publici image.  supports equitable rates statewide validated by data. than single-family and duplex dwellings.  Implementing Actions:  full servicel hospital in Dare County. Schedule: Medium.  preservation of existing vegetation. Schedule: Low. and participation at public meetings. Schedule: Low.  areas using environmentally, sustainable techniques. Schedule: Medium.  Continuing.  Page 6-14  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 7. TOOLs FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT  GUIDE FOR LAND USE DECISION MAKING  Itisi intended that this document be an integral part of the Kill Devil Hills decision-making: process concerning future land use. This document should be consulted prior to any decision being made by the Kill Devil Hills staff, Planning Board, and/or Board of Commissioners: concerning land use and  development.  EXISTING MANAGEMENT PROGRAM  The existing management program includes the following plans/ordinances:  CAMA Land Usel Plan Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance Subdivision Ordinance Zoning Ordinance Storm Hazard Mitigation Plan Stormwater Management Plan Shoreline Access Plan Recreational Facilities Plan Street Improvement! Master Plan Local Historical Sites Nuisance Ordinance  Peddler and Itinerant Vendors/Special Events Ordinance  The' Town maintains a full-time Planning and Inspections Department which includes al Planning Director, two full-time planners, zoning administrator, two building inspectors and a code enforcement officer, The Department administers, reviews, and advises on. local, state, and federal grants. Inaddition, the Town has a Planning Board and Board of Adjustment which provide legislative and quasi-judicial oversight oft thel land use: related plans and ordinances. The' Town's Board of Commissioners has final approval authority for allj plans/ordinances, except for Board of Adjustment decisions.  CONTINUING PLANNING PROCESS  This plan provides the framework upon which zoning and subdivision regulations and the capital improvements plan should be based. In fact, thej preparation of al land use plan and mapi is mandated by North Carolina legislation as a prerequisite: for zoning for both cities and counties. Specifically,ini implementing this plan, the following should serve as guiding land use/planning  principles:  Consider the future land use map as) part of the policies included in this plan. Consult this plan, including the future land use: map, during the deliberation of all rezoning  requests and proposed text amendments.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 7-1    SECTION 7. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT  Consider the following in deliberation of all: zoning petitions:  All deliberations should consider this plan's goals, implementing strategies, and future All uses that are allowed in a zoning district must be considered. A decision to rezone or not to rezone aj parcel or parcels of property cannot be based on consideration of only one Requests for zoning changes should not be approved if the requested change will result ins spot zoning. Spot: zoning is a form of discriminatory. zoning whose sole purpose is to serve the private: interests of onel landowner instead of furthering the welfare of the entire community as part of an overall zoning plan, Spot zoning is based on the arbitrary and inappropriate nature of a rezoning change rather than, as is commonly believed, on the Zoning which will result in strip development should be discouraged. Strip development: is ai mélange of development, usually commercial, extending along both sides of a major street. Strip development is often a mixture of auto-oriented enterprises (e.g. gas stations, motels, and food stands), and truck-dependent wholesale and light industrial enterprises. Strip development may severely reduce traffic-carrying capacity and disrupt traffic flow of abutting streets by allowing for excessive and conflicting curb Access management should be considered in all land use/zoning decisions. The concept of uniformity should be supported in all zoning deliberations. Uniformity is ab basic premise of zoning which holds that alll land ins similar circumstances should be zoned alike; any different circumstances should be carefully balanced witha  land use map.  use or aj partial list of the uses allowed within a: zoning district.  size of the area being rezoned.  cuts.  demonstrated need for such different treatment.  Specifically, the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners should ask the following  questions:  Is the request in accordance with this plan? Zoning regulations shalll be made in accordance with the Town's Comprehensive Plan (NCGS160A-383). When adopting or rejecting any zoning amendment, the Board of Commissioners shall also approve a statement describing whether its action is consistent with the Town's Comprehensive Plan and any other officially adopted plan that is applicable, and briefly explaining why the Board of Commissioners: considers the action taken tol be responsible and in the best public interest. Will the request have a serious adverse impact on traffic circulation and other Will the request have an adverse impact on other" Town services, including police  infrastructure?  protection, fire protection, or public works?  Page 7-2  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    SECTION 7. TOOLs FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT Ist there a good possibility that the request, as proposed, will result inl lessening Will the request, as proposed, cause: serious noise, odors, light, activity, or Does the request raise legal questions such as spot zoning, hardship, or violation Does the request adversely impact water quality or other natural resources? Will the request adversely impact beach: maintenance or access?  the use of adjacent properties? unusual disturbances? of precedents?  Following adoption of this plan, the Town may implement the following to ensure effective citizen  participation:"  Encourage diverse public participation and citizen input in all land use decisions and procedure Publicize all meetings of the Planning Board and Board of Adjustment through newspaper advertisements, public service announcements, internet notices, and on the Town's website. Utilize broad-based advisory committees to assess and advise the Town on special planning  development processes, and encourage citizen input.  issues/needs, including implementation of this) plan.  All Planning Department activities will be available on the Town's website. Ata minimum, update this plan every five to seven years.  LAND USE PLAN AMENDMENTS  At which time the Town of Kill Devil Hills CAMAI Land Use Plan: needs tol be amended, the' Town will apply the guidelines for Land Use Plan, Amendments under Subchapter 7B, Section 0901 oft the North Carolina Administrative Code, A1 brief summary of those guidelines is provided below.  The Land Use Plan may be amended as a whole by a single resolution or in parts by successive resolutions. The successive resolutions may address geographical sections, county divisions, or The Town must hold aj public hearing of which thej public has been properly notified, Copies of the proposed amendment(s) must be available for review at the Town Hall during The executive. secretary or a designated agent of the Coastal Resources Commission shall be given notice of thej public hearing, a copy oft the proposed amendment(s), and a reason for the Amendments must be consistent with the Coastal Resources Commission'sLand Use Planning Guidelines (15ANCAC7B) and, if possible, with the Land Use Plans of adjacent jurisdictions.  functional units of subject matter.  designated hours.  amendment(s).  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page 7-3    SECTION 7. TOOLS FOR MANAGING DEVELOPMENT  Ifj possible, the' Town shall adopt thej plan amendments expeditiously following the close of the The Town will provide the executive secretary of the Coastal Resources Commission with a copy of the amended text or maps, and certification of adoption within 7 days of adoption.  public hearing.  CITIZEN PARTICIPATION  For thej preparation of this plan, the Kill Devil Hills Board of Commissioners adopted a citizen participation plan. A copy of that plan is included as Appendix A. Following adoption of this plan, Kill Devil Hills will implement the following to ensure adequate citizen participation:  The Town will encourage public participation in all land use decisions and procedural development processes while encouraging citizen input via its boards and commissions. Killl Devil Hills will advertise all meetings oft the' Town's Planning Board and Board of Adjustment through newspaper advertisements, public service announcements, internet notices, The Town will, atl least annually, conduct aj joint meeting of thel Board of Commissioners. and the Ensure that the membership of all planning related and ad hoc advisory committees has a cross-  and on the Town's website.  Town's Planning Board toi identify planning issues/needs.  section of Kill Devil Hills' citizenry.  Page 7-4  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    APPENDIX A. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN  INTRODUCTION  The Town of Killl Devill Hills has initiated thej preparation of an updated CAMA Land Usel Plan (CAMA LUP) for the Kill Devil Hills planning area. The final document will serve as comprehensive plan for future public investment to achieve the community-s overall vision. The intent of this] project is to drafta plan that will maintain the positive attributes of the existing Plan, while identifying new: and strategic development goals and policies, and new and strategic public initiatives supported by the community. Recognizing that a collaborative effort with the public is essential, the initial step in thej planning process ist the adoption of this Citizen Participation Plan (CPP) by thel Kill Devil Hills Board of Commissioners.  Approval oft the CPP was accomplished on) January 31, 2018.  RESPONSIBILITY  The Town of Kill Devil Hills Planning Board will supervise thej preparation of the CAMA Land Usel Plan Update. The town'ss staff and consultant will serve: in an advisory capacity to the Planning Board. The updated CAMA Land Use Plan willl be drafted by Holland Consulting Planners, Inc., thei town's consultant. Final approval will bel by the Town of Kill Devil Hills Board of Commissioners.  MEETINGS  Alll Planning Board meetings willl be conducted in an open format which will encourage public nydlvement/engegemem: Thel Planning Board will conduct up to five (5) work sessions to prepare the draft CAMA Land Usel Plan Update. Ata minimum, the following meetings will be conducted  throughout thej plan preparation process:  Up to five (5) work sessions with the Planning Board and one (1) joint work session with the Board of Commissioners willl be conducted. Ateach meeting, the location, date, and time of the Am mid-project public review meeting to: report overall project status and to obtain public input on progress to date. This meeting willl be scheduled approximately five (5) months into the project, and will provide as summary of all data and issues identification obtained to date: in thej process. Submittal of draft plan to the) Planning Board by the consultant. Following approval of a draft plan by the Planning Board, one (1) open house meeting for public review will be conducted to allow thej public to question and comment on the draft plan prior to: formal public hearing(s). Submit the plan to the Board of Commissioners for work session and consideration prior to Following review and comments by the Division of Coastal Management, present the final plan  succeeding meeting willl be determined.  submittal to thel Division of Coastal Management.  atap public hearing.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page A-1    APPENDIX A. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN  PUBLIC NOTIFICATION  As public bodies, all meetings oft thel Planning Board and Board of Commissioners are conducted in an open and transparent manner. All meetings are open to thej public and Killl Devil Hills citizens are To ensure public. awareness of the CAMA LUP project, meeting times and dates, project updates, and public participation opportunities; and toi increase ease of access to CAMA LUP-specific information, we  encouraged to attend and participate.  proposed the following:  Thej project team will create and maintain ani interactive CAMA LUP-dedicated website to both collect and disseminate information. The website will be especially valuable in reaching out to non-resident property owners. Project progress, public notifications, and the draft plan willl be Development of a public information video using Staff, the consultant, elected officials, Planning Board members for broadcast on the CurrentTV, and placement on the CAMA LUP website, and Legal and commercial advertising willl be placed in The Coastland Times, the Outer Banks Sentinel, and the on-line newspaper, Outer Banks Voice. Additionally, all advertisements willl be placed on the specialized CAMA LUP-dedicated website, the KDH website, www.kdhnc.com, the Town's Facebook pages (Administration, Police, and Fire/Ocean Rescue), posted on all Town Sign-up sheets willl bej placed in thel Kill Devil Hills Administration Building at all departmental public greeting areas, at the Dare County Public Library, 4001 Mustian Street, Kill Devil Hills, at all meetings of public bodies and other groups held at the Town Hall, fori interested persons and groups to register to receive electronic messaging, including meeting notifications, update information, and opportunities for review oft the CAMA Land Use Plan Update. Similar opportunities for registration will be placed on the Town's website and Facebook pages. Staff will transmit lists updates to the consultant on an at-least bi-weekly basis. Individuals who place their: names on this list will be mailed or emailed notices announcing meeting times for review of The Town will utilize email and electronic communications on all aspects of thej public participation program toj public distribution lists, civic groups, interested groups and  posted on this website for ease of public review. and comment.  the Town's Facebook page and www.kdhnc.com website.  bulletin boards, and electronically distributed.  the CAMA Land Use Plan Update,  organizations.  DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION  The following procedures willl be utilized to ensure the availability of information:  Copies of the draft CAMA LUP will be available for public review in thel Planning or Administration Departments in the Administration Building, 102" Town Halll Drive; and the Dare  County Library, 4001 Mustian Street.  Page A-2  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    APPENDIX A. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION PLAN  Using the sites and: methods of public notification provided in thel Public Notification section, the availability of the draft plan will be publicly announced and the draft document will bej posted for public review and/or printing. Information regarding thel location of the online document will bei included in all published notices of Planning Board meetings, and communicated at all As they are: readied for discussion, sections of the draft plan willl be provided to the Planning Board prior to any meetings at which they willl be discussed. Planning Board meetings materials, as well as Board of Commissioners meetings materials, are all posted on the Town's website and linked to the Administration Facebook page, for public information and review. Copies of the draft CAMA LUP or sections oft the draft plan may alsol be obtained from the Planning or Administration Departments, in the Administration Building, 102 Town Halll Drive.  meetings of the Board of Commissioners.  PUBLIC COMMENT  Throughout thej process, the public willl have the following opportunities for input:  Ate each Planning Board meeting, time willl be allocated for public comment, both written and Atany time during the preparation of the draft plan, the public may submit written or email comments. Information on how to submit such comments willl be provided on public notices and The town-wide: mid-project status meeting/public input session, Planning Board work sessions, open house, and public hearing will all provide additional opportunities for public input and  oral, which includes the opportunities: for questions.  advertisements, Facebook pages, and websites.  questions. SCHEDULE  The CAMA Land Use Plan planning process will utilize the following schedule;  Phase Phase : Phase I: Phase I: Phase IV:  Project Task Issue Notice to Proceed Research and Analysis Plan Format/Development Submit plan to the NC Division of Coastal Management for review and comment (75-day review period required) - Public Hearing  Timeframe December 2017 January-April 2018 May 2018-February 2019 March-May 2019 To be determined  Project Initiation/Public Involvement Strategy December 2017-January 2018  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page A-3    Appendix B: Albemarle Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Mitigation Strategies  Table 7.2.5 Dare County Mitigation Strategies  Action #  Description/StrateEy  Hazard(s) Relative Addressed Priority Severe Thunderstorms, Floods Severe Thunderstorms, Floods Severe Thunderstorms, Floods Floods  Lead Agency/ Department  Potential Funding Source  Implementation Statu  Identify Funding toi improve stormwater drainage and land Hurricanes, Nor' easters, Medium Dare County Planning  General Fund, Seek funding from mitigation sources at Grant Funds state/fed level. Utilize academic General Fund Actively pursue damage assessment using General Fund Routinely Enforce the Dare County flood  management preparation for flooding.  DAR1  partners  tol leverage combined assessment revenues. GIS mappingt techniques after each significant event ordinance regulations for filli int the VEf flood zones.  Identify problem areas and prioritize projects toi improve Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High Enforce ordinances that prevent fill ors structures withouta Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High  Dare County Planning Dare County Planning  DAR2 drainage systems throughout the county. DAR3 drainage plan.  Assist property owners with safe and efficient clean up after Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Medium Dare County Planning, Dare General Fund, Continue yearly contract renewal with  storm events byi implementing yearly contract with debris Severe Thunderstorms,  County Soil and Water Board Grant Funds debris removal services. Compose media  removal services DAR4  template for outlining debris public plan and debris pick-ups separation ofi items Seek FEMA/state funding for reimbursement: after storm events County's review have tor meet or exceed the published Base Flood Elevations and based on annual permitting reports meet. strategy.  county  Increase the number of properties that meet and exceed the Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High  Dare County Planning, Dare General Fund Allr news structures permitted under  published Base Flood Elevations  Severe Thunderstorms, Erosion, Flood, Tsunami  County Emergency Management  DAR5  Utilize existing post storm information and GISI mapping to Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High  Dare County Planning, Dare General Fund, County participate in Regional Plan that has  identify the mosty vulnerable structures int the County.  Severe Thunderstorms, Erosion, Flood, Tsunami  County Emergency Management  Grant Funds vulnerability review ofs structures in  DAR6  County, will seek additional grant funding for mitigation of vulnerable structures identified.  Albemarle Regional Hazard Mitigation. Plan Section 7: Mitigation Strategies  Page-32    Action #  Description/Strategy  Hazard(s) Relative Addressed Priority Severe Thunderstorms Erosion, Flood, Tsunami Hurricanes, Noreasters, High Severe Thunderstorms, Erosion, Flood, Tsunami  Lead Agency/ Department  Potential Funding Source  Implementation Status  Implement: a repetitive loss plan to reduce the potential Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High  Dare County Planning, Dare General Fund, Additional grant funding to elevate 44 County Hurricane Recovery Grant Funds homes secured. by Dare County after  damage from future events.  DAR7  Hurricane Irene, work one elevation to be completed by 2015  Identify and prioritize funding tor mitigate vulnerable DAR10 structures and develop the repetitive loss plan  Dare County Planning Emergency Management  General Fund, Repetitive loss map/plan identified as CRS Grant Funds goal for 2015 update, incomplete. Grant Funds Dare County continues to provide LPO  Implementation and Enforcement of CAMA. Use Standards for Hurricanes, Nor 'easters, Medium Dare County Planning  Coastal! Wetland AECs as! Identified under 15NCAC7H, Section Flood  assistance inu unincorporated. Dare County. County per CAMA has adopted Land Use Plan. All development within AECI may require CAMA major permita and must be consistent with County's adopted. plan.. assistance in unincorporated Dare County. projects and: subdivision projects County refers Applicants to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Permit Program, Specifically Section 4041 for Wetland development  0205 and 0208 DAR11  Continue to Administer the CAMA Local Enforcement DAR12 Program and Maintain the Staff Necessary for this Work Flood Program, Specifically Section 404  Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Medium Dare County Planning  General Fund County provides Local Permit Officer General Fund Asr needed for individual development.  Refer Applicants to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Permit Hurricanes, Nor'e 'easters, Medium Dare County Planning  Flood  DAR13  Facilitate Implementation of Permit Program for Wetland Hurricanes, Nor' easters, Medium Dare County Planning  General Fund, Incomplete, Nol local wetland permit Grant Funds program. established, refer all  Management DAR14  Flood  to applicants  USA Army Corps of Engineers. Annually attend RPO meetings that make recommendations' for the State's Transportation Improvement: Program. Funding that is programmed ins STIP has to meet the criteria and recommended as Regional, Statewide project. NCDOT working tor replace bridge; lawsuits from environmental courts have resultedi in delays, no action.  Protect transportation routes andi improve traffic flow along Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Medium Dare County Planning, Dare NCDOT  NC12. Improve NC1 12toat two lane road: and coordinate Flood  County Emergency Management, NCDOT  DAR15 traffics signals.  Advocate the replacement of the Bonner Bridge.  Hurricanes, Nor'e easters, High Flood, Erosion  Dare County Planning, Dare NCDOT County Emergency Management, NCDOT  DAR16 DAR17 efforts.  Establish: secondaryy water supplies/points for fire protection Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Medium Dare County Fire Marshal  Grant Funds New Action, funding to bes sought. Grant Funds New Action, funding tol bes sought.  Flood, Wildfire AILH Hazards  Acquire generators or other forms of redundant power DAR18 supply toe ensure that criticalf facilities andi infrastructure remain operational where normal powers supplyisr not  Medium Dare County Fire Marshall  available  Albemarle Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 7: Mitigation. Strategies  Page-33    Action #  Description/Strategy  Hazard(s) Relative Addressed Priority  Lead Agency/ Department  Potential Funding Source  Implementation Status  Require Realtors to disclose flood: zones. Develop and maintain relations with Real Estate Community and provide Flood DAR19 outreach and educational opportunities. Provide access to floodplain maps and floodplain information for the Real DAR20 including upt to date flood maps ont the County website. Flood DAR21 Coordinate with NCI Floodplain Mapping on public dissemination of updated floodplain maps.  Hurricanes, Noreasters, Medium Dare County Planning  General Fund Expanded outreach includes Real Estate  community and receives feedback on planned brochures. Completed: Flood disclosure required on Real Estate Disclosure Forms.  Estate Community.  Enhance NFIP information by distributing NFIP brochures and Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Medium Dare County Planning, Dare General Fund Completed.  County GIS County Planning Dare County Planning  Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High Flood  NCF Floodplain Mapping, Dare General Fund Updated Flood maps are posted on  County's website. Dare County. Annually dor mailings that address drainage methods and: storm recovery activities tot the public.  Continue to participate int the Community Rating System. Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High Look for additional activities toi implement toi improve Class Flood Continue participation in Storm Ready program.  General Fund Actively engages the CRS committee for  DAR22 rating. DAR23 DAR24 DAR25  Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High Flood Transportation Infrastructure Failure Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High Flood, Erosion AllHazards  Dare County Emergency Management Dare County Emergency Management, NCDOT DCBC/Manager Dare County Emergency Management  General Fund New Action  Develop Emergency Response Plan for Road/Bridge Loss Bridge Collapse,  High  General Fund County staff works closely with NCDOT  offiçials and annually advocate at RPO meetings bridge/road improvements for State's Transportation Improvement Plan. Legislature, invited to attend County's budgetr retreat. brochures available in Planning offices. Expanded activities toi include all hazards. Expanded outreach includes Real Estate community and receives feedback on planned! brochures. Brief annually local representatives in State Legislature, invited to attend County's budget retreat. Flood maps are posted on County's website.  Advocate for Beach Replacement  Grant Funds Annually brief local representatives in State General Fund CRS outreach activities completed: annually,  Circulate brochures on all hazards identified int the risk assessment to educate the public on protective actions that they can prepare for int their disaster plans.  Low  DAR26  Conduct annual outreach activities toi increase awareness of All Hazards  Medium Dare County Emergency Management, Dare County Planning Dare County Planning  General Fund New Action  DAR27 all potential hazards that affect Dare County.  Prioritize and Fund Critical Drainage Projects that improve Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High stormwater drainage and land management preparation for Flooding,  Grant Fund Grants funds are: secured when availablet to  assist homeowners with drainage improvements. Received grants funds from Department of Agriculture for' "snag and drag" cleanup of ditches in Wanchese. Phase 1 completed inf fall: 2014 and Phase2 scheduled: for mid-2015.  flooding. DAR28  Thunderstorms, Tidal Flooding  Albemarle Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 7: Mitigation Strategies  Page-34    Action #  Description/Strategy  Hazard(s) Relative Addressed Priority  Lead Agency/ Department Dare County Planning  Potential Funding Source  Implementation Status  Educate the public with assistance with: safe and efficient Hurricanes, Nor'e 'easters, High  General Fund Dare completes annual CRS outreach  clean up after storm events.  Flooding, Thunderstorms, Tidal Flooding  activityi in August to allp property owners in unincorporated Dare County. Additionally, aflood damage response placket to be used immediately followingaf flood event will be developed later this summer as part of our CRS outreach activities. witha aj private contractor: alreadyi inj place should storm event occur. This allowsf for pre-positioning of equipment and personnel before eventf for faster responses to affected areas. January: 2014t to require: 1-footf freeboard forallr new construction: ands substantial improvements. All utilities and ductwork must also be elevated to comply with: 1- foot freeboard. Submission ofe elevation certificate tov verify compliance with: 1-foot freeboardi is required.  DAR29  Fund and implement: assistance top property owners with safe Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High  Dare County Planning  General Fund Dare County has a storm debris agreement  and efficient clean up after storm events.  Flooding, Thunderstorms, Tidal Flooding  DAR30  Develop plan toi increase the number of properties that meet Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High  Dare County Planning  General Fund Flood Prevention Ordinance revised in  and exceed Base Flood Elevation (BFE).  Flooding, Thunderstorms, Coastal Erosion, Tidal Flooding, Tsunami  DAR31  Prioritize funding toi increase the number of properties that Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High  Dare County Planning  General Fund, Elevation of hazard mitigation grant Grant Funds currently underway- 441 homes to be  meet and exceed BFE.  Flooding, Thunderstorms, Coastal Erosion, Tidal Flooding, Tsunami  elevated by end of 2016 with funding secured after Hurricane Irene. Full-time staff is employed to oversee grant project. Structures are alle elevated to bec consistent with freeboard requirement of Dare County Flood Prevention Ordinance. ini NCH House and NCSenate for the consideration ofl legislation requiring disclosure standards for all real estate transactions including for sale by owners and long- -term lease agreements.  DAR32.  Lobby State Legislators tor require realtors to disclose flood Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Medium Dare County Planning  General Fund Work with Dare'se elected representatives  zones. DAR33  Tidal Flooding, Flooding  Albemarle Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Section. 7: Mitigation Strategies  Page-35    Action #  Description/Strategy  Hazard(s) Relative Addressed Priority Tidal Flooding, Flooding  Lead Agency/ Department  Potential Funding Source  Implementation Status  Lobbyl local realtors board to require realtors to disclose flood Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Medium Dare County Planning  General Fund Inclusion of representatives from real  zones  estate industry on CRS committee for outreach activity. Development of disclosure brochures for distribution: at local realtors' offices planned as part of 2015 CRS outreach activities. Amendments tof flood ordinance, zoning ordinance and subdivision ordinance adoptedi inF February 2015 requiring disclosures off flood hazard/CBRA: zoning on allr new plats, site plans, and at time of building permit issuance. brochures available in Planning offices. Links to NFIP information posted on Dare County webpage as part of CRS outreach activities. GIS, link tof flood maps also on! Dare County webpage. ini the CRS program, implementation of new activities to maintain current class 8 ranking with possible increase to class 7are being developed. Development of PPI, enhanced webpage, freeboard, non- conversion deed restrictions are examples ofs some activities already adopted ori in development. FIRMS for Dare County, with procedures implemented by Dare County for adoption ofr new FIRMS and: associated flood ordinance revisions asp part of mapping. initiative by end of2 2016.  DAR34  Circulate Brochure on NFIP toe enhance NFIP information. Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High  Dare County Planning  General Fund CRS outreach activities completed annually;  Tidal Flooding, Flooding  DAR35  Put Flood Maps ont the County's Website to enhance NFIP Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High Continue to Participate in CRS Activities to enhance NFIP Hurricanes, Nor'e 'easters, High  Dare County Planning Dare County Planning  General Fund Flood: zone layer available on Dare County General Fund. Dare County remains ana active participant  DAR36 information.  Tidal Flooding, Flooding Tidal Flooding, Flooding  information.  DAR37  Update FIRM to enhance NFIP information.  Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High Tidal Flooding, Flooding  Dare County Planning  General Fund Anticipated August 2015 release ofr new  DAR38  Albemarle Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 7: Mitigation Strategies  Page-36    Table 7.2.7 Town of Kill Devil Hills Mitigation Strategies  Action #  Description/StrateEy  Hazard(s) Addressed Floods, Erosion  Relative Priority  Lead Agency/ Department Planning Dept., Boardof Commissioners, Building Inspect. Planning Dept., Building Inspector, Boardo of Commissioners Planning Dept.  Potential Funding Source General Fund  Implementation Status Incomplete; KDH shall continue to monitor the: zoning ordinances to enforce and amended basedo on community needs. Customers provided technical assistance and flood damage prevention ordinance is enforced; BFE violations were corrected and others in process. The Town took noa action other thant to maintain ownership of itsr natural areas. Plan was updated; concepts and Drainage projects werei implemented. Ditch maintenance schedule implemented which included pre & post storm events. Inspectors accomplished annual training and enforced revisions to building codes. Nor repetitive loss relocation opportunities were present. The Town took no action othert than outreach efforts. Required documentation for new construction and additions to existing structures.  KDH1 Continuet to enforce the: zoning ordinance and amend when Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High  necessary  KDH2: Provide technical assistance to customers/citizens and continue toe enforce current flood hazard ordinance.  Hurricanes, Nor'easters; High Floods, Erosion  General Fund.  KDH3 Support efforts top preserve natural areas.  Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High Floods, Erosion Floods, Erosion Floods, Erosion:  General Fund  KDH4 Continue toi implement the stormwater management plan. Hurricanes, Nor'e easters, Medium Planning Dept., Public Services General Fund  KDH5 Continue mowing drainage ditches and conduct normal Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High  Public Services, NCDOT  General Fund  maintenance and: storm event driven maintenance.  KDH6 Monitor changes tot the State Building Code and modify local All Hazards regulations as necessary tor minimize damage. KDH7 Expedite permitting fort the relocation of repetitive loss  High  Planning Dept., Building Inspector General Fund  Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Low Floods, Erosion Floods, Erosion Hurricanes, Noreasters, High Floods, Erosion  Planning Dept. Planning Director, Board of Commissioners Asst. Planning Director, Building General Fund Inspector  General Fund Grant Funds  situations. asa possible solution. KDH9 Building Elevation- Continue. enforcing the base flood elevation requirement oft the Town's Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance.  KDH8 Encourage repetitive loss properties to consider acquisition Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Low  KDH10 Maintain outreach efforts and continue making flood insurance available tot the Town's residents. KDH11 Continue ongoing beach nourishment efforts..  Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High Floods, Erosion Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High Floods, Erosion.  Planning Dept., Town Clerk Planning Director, Board of Commissioners USA Army Corps of Engineers, General Fund Planning Dept., NCDENR: CAMA, Planning Dept.  General Fund General Fund  Outreach included flood insurance and Biggert-Waters Insurance Reform and Grimm Waters Acts information. Town contracted with a Consultant to provide permitting: and offshore sand search information. Continued awareness of wetland protection, but no implementation at this time. Continued awareness of coastal barrier, but no implementation at this time.  KDH12 Continue to utilize the: zoning ordinance and the Land Use Hurricanes, Noreasters, High Plan to protect wetlands, implement ande enforce CAMAA AEC Floods, Erosion regulations and refer applicants tol US Army Corps of Engineers for Section 404 wetlands. State.  KDH13 Continue to support coastal barrier protection efforts by the Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High  General Fund  Floods, Erosion  Albemarle Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 7: Mitigation Strategies  Page-44    Action #  Descrption/Strategy  Hazard(s) Addressed Hurricanes, Nor'e easters, High Floods, Erosion Floods, Erosion Floods, Erosion Floods, Erosion, Wildfire  Relative Priority  Lead Agency/ Department Planning Dept. CAMALPO  Potential Funding Source General Fund, General Fund  Implementation Status Through plan approvals, site inspections and reporting to State. Remained: active with training and implemented the CAMA Local Permit: Officer Program. Stormwater. management plany was updated with a greater focus on water quality. Enforced the Maritime Forest Environmental District Ordinance. Participated with Dare County Control group for evacuation. Participated with Dare County and Towns staff for reconstruction: and rebuilding efforts. Coordinated efforts within its own organization and with State: and local agencies.. Train for preparedness, response and recovery and top protect critical facilities by utilizing shutters on windows. Accomplished scheduled maintenance of Town drainage ditches. No action att this time. No action taken.. Town Departments were exercised and trained for preparedness, response and recovery. Continued: awareness for Fresh) Water Pond AEC, although nol longer used asa potable water source. Plan Updated with concepts implementedi through site plan review. Contracted with Consultant to provide permitting and offshore supplementais for beach nourishment. Provided information to citizens through publico outreach and customers.  KDH14 Continue to enforcel local and state regulations.  KDH15 Support local CAMA officer with compliance. efforts within Hurricanes, Nor'e 'easters, High  the AECS.  KDH16 Preserve surface water quality and enhance water quality Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Medium Planning Dept., Public Services General Fund  through stormwater management and: zoning.  KDH17 Continue to enforce the Maritime Forest Environmental Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High Zoning District. KDH18 Facilitate as safe and efficient evacuation and where possible, All Hazards reduce damage. KDH19 Coordinate efforts to expedite reconstruction: and rebuilding AII Hazards efforts in cooperation with Dare County Emergency Management: staff. KDH20 Coordinate efforts to expedite recovery. KDH21 Take appropriate actions to prevent and/or minimize damages to critical facilities. Use generators or other forms ofr redundant power to ensure that criticalf facilities and infrastructure remain operational. KDH22 Work with NCDOT Strategic Office of Planning to enhance AIl Hazards and construct infrastructure for evacuation. KDH23 Implement Water Systems Master Plan. critical publics services.  Planning Dept. Dare County Control Group Planning Dept. Planning Dept., Boardof Commissioners Police, Fire & Rescue, Public General Fund Works, NCI Dominion Power  General Fund General Fund General Fund General Fund  High High High High  All Hazards All Hazards  High High  Planning Dept. Public Services, Water Department Medium Police, Fire & Rescue, Public Water Fund Works, Dare County Emergency Management Planning Dept., CAMA  General Fund General Fund  Wildfire  KDH24 Develop ongoing protocols to assure the maintenance of Alll Hazards  KDH25 Continue protection efforts concerning the Fresh Pond and Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High maintain liaison with NCI Division of Coastal Management Flood, Winter Storm concerning the development of the Kill Devil Hills Land Use  General Fund  Plan.  KDH26 Continue toi implement the: stormwater management plan. Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Medium Public Services  General Fund  Flood, Erosion Hurricanes; Noreasters, High Flood, Erosion Flood, Erosion  KDH27 Encourage beach nourishment asas storm protection measure and: search for funding. customers.  Board of Commissioners, Dare. General Fund County Commissioners. NC Division of Emergency Management, Planning Dept..  KDH28 Maintain updated flood mapi information for citizens and Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High  NCEM  Albemarle Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 7: Mitigation Strategies  Page-45    Action #  Descrption/StrateEy  Hazard(s) Addressed Flood, Erosion All Hazards  Relative Priority  Lead Agency/ Department  Potential Funding Source General Fund  Implementation Status Continued awareness tor maintain the Floodplain Management Library; Scanning documents toe enhance digital archives. Continuest tot utilize outside resources, Continued annual outreach projects through joint mailings, public library and Town website. Provided printedi information and. continues to air a hurricane: awareness video fort television and provided website updates fori its citizenry. The Town continues tor maintain updated flood maps and provide information to citizens through public outreach and customers (New Strategy). (New Strategy). (New Strategy). (News Strategy)-  KDH29 Compile and maintain current information int the! Killl Devil Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Medium CRS Coordinator  Hills Floodplain Management Library.  KDH30 Continue to utilize technical assistance from: state and federal agencies and private consultants top provide appropriate technical assistance to citizens and customers. KDH31 Initiate outreach projects toi inform the public on Town and All Hazards Countyi initiatives that will reduce hazard relatedl losses of KDH32 Work with print, radio, and television mediat to effectuate All Hazards outreach efforts inc cooperation with Dare County and neighboring municipalities to educate the public on additional hazards identified int the risk assessment.  High  Building Inspector, Planning Dept. General Fund  Medium Planning Dept., Dare County General Fund Emergency Management. Medium Planning Dept., Dare County General Fund Emergency Management  property and life.  KDH33 Develop updated floodplain mapi for public dissemination Hurricanes, Noreasters, Medium Planning Dept.  General Fund  (New Strategy).  Flood, Erosion  KDH34 Continue top participate in CRS (New Strategy). KDH35 Circulate brochure specifically on NFIP (New Strategy). KDH36. Conduct contractor's meeting asa ar refresher tol local developers and industry professionals onf floodplain regulations and required documentation (New Strategy).  Hurricanes, Nor'easters, High Flood, Erosion Flood, Erosion Flood, Erosion  Planning Dept.  General Fund General Fund General Fund  Hurricanes, Noreasters, Medium Planning Dept. Hurricanes, Nor'easters, Medium Planning Dept.  Albemarle Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan Section 7: Mitigation Strategies    3/5/2018 Appendix C: Dare County Endangered: Species, Threatened Species,Federal Species of Concern, and Candidate Species  U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service  Endangered Species, Threatened Species,Federal Species of Concern,  and Candidate Species, Dare County, North Carolina  Note:Marine Threatened and Endangered Species information can be found at the National Marine Fiseries  Semis-AMES_Endmgemd and Threatened Species website  Updated: 3-15-2016  Critical Habitat Designations:  Piping plover - Charadrius melodus - Critical Habitat has changed. See Federal Register for a description of the primary constituent elements essential for the conservation ofwintering piping plovers within the designated  units.  Federal Register Reference: October 21, 2008, Federal Register, 73:62816-62841.  Loggerhead Sea Turtle - Caretta caretta - See the Federal Register for a description oft the primary constituent elements essential for the conservation of nesting Loggerhead sea turtles within the designated units. This  document also contains a map and a description of each designated unit.. Federal Register Reference: July10, 2014, Federal Register, 79:51264-51266  Common Name Vertebrate: American alligator American eel Bald eagle Black rail  Scientific name  Federal Record Status Status T(S/A) Current FSC BGPA Current FSC FSC FSC T E E  Alligator mississippiensis Anguilla rostrata Haliaeetus leucocephaluis Laterallus jamaicensis Dendroica virens waynei Chelonia mydas Eretmochelys imbricata  Current Current Current Obscure Current Current Current  Black-throated green warbler Green sea turtle Hawksbill (Ecarey).sea turtle itps/www.fws.govralegnspeces.cntylstidare.htm:  Buxton Woods white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus ssp. 1 Kmm/cAlmionalyst turtle Lepidochelys kempii  1/3    3/5/2018  Dare County Endangered Species, Threatened Species,Federal Species of Concern, and Candidate Species  Leatherback sea turtle Loggerhead sea turtle Northern long-eared bat Piping.plover Rafinesque's big-eared bat Red knot Redy wolf Red-cockaded woodpecker Roseate tern West Indian manatee Invertebrate: Vascular Plant: Dune blue curls Seabeach amaranth Nonvascular Plant: Lichen:  Dermochelys coriacea Caretta caretta Myotis septentrionalis Charadrius melodus Corynorhinus rafinesquii Calidris canutus rufa Canis rufus Picoides borealis Sterna dougallii dougallii Trichechus manatus  E T FSC T T FSC T EXP E T E  Current Current Historic Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Current Current  Northern diamondback terrapin Malaclemys terrapin terrapin  Trichostema sp. 1 Amaranthus pumilus  FSC T  Definitions of Federal Status Codes: significant portion of its range." listing. (Formerly "CI" candidate species.) BGPA -Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act. See below.  E=e endangered. A taxon "in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion ofi its range." T= threatened. A taxon "likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout all or a C=c candidate. A taxon under consideration for official listing for which there is sufficient information to support FSC-Federal Species of Concern. FSC is an informal term. Iti is not defined in the federal Endangered Species Act. In North Carolina, the Asheville and Raleigh Field Offices oft the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) define Federal Species of Concern as those species that appear to be in decline or otherwise in need of conservation and are under consideration for listing or for which there is insufficient information to support listing at this time.Subsumed under the term "FSC" are all species petitioned by outside parties and other selected focal species identified in Service strategic plans, State Wildlife Action Plans, or Natural Heritage T(S/A)= threatened due to similarity of appearance. A taxon that is threatened due to similarity of appearance with another listed species and is listed for its protection. Taxa listed as T(S/A) are not biologically endangered EXP = experimental population. A taxon listed as experimental (either essential or nonessential). Experimental, nonessential populations of endangered species (e.g., red wolf) are treated as threatened species on public land, P=1 proposed. Taxa proposed for official listing as endangered or threatened will be noted as "PE" or' "PT",  Program Lists.  ort threatened and are not subject to Section 7 consultation. See below. for consultation purposes, and as species proposed for listing on private land.  respectively.  Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act_(BGPA):  Ini the. July 9, 2007 Federal Register( 72:37346-37372), the bald eagle was declared recovered, and removed (de- listed) from the Federal List of Threatened and Endangered wildlife. This delisting took effect. August 8,2007. After delisting, the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (Eagle Act)(16 U.S.C. 668-668d) becomes the primary law protecting bald eagles. The Eagle Act prohibits take ofbald and golden eagles and provides a statutory definition of"take" that includes "disturb". The USFWS has developed National Bald Eagle Management Guidelines to provide guidance to land managers, landowners, and others as tol how to avoid disturbing bald eagles. For mor information, visit tp/ww.fws.goymgratorypiris/baldeagic.htm  pehwshsounegyeghapadinstiysalnann  2/3    3/5/2018  Dare County Endangered Species, Threatened: Species,Federa Species of Concer, and Candidate Species  Threatened due to imilarityofappearance(IIS/A):  Ini the November 4, 1997 Federal Register (55822-55825), the northern population of the bog turtle (from New York south to Maryland) was listed as T (threatened), and the southern population (from Virginia south to Georgia) was listed as T(S/A) (threatened due to similarity of appearance). The T(S/A) designation' bans the collection and interstate and international commercial trade of bog turtles from the southern population. The T(S/A) designation has no effect on land management activities by private landowners in North Carolina, part of the southern population of the species. In addition to its official status as T(S/A), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service considers the southern population oft the bog turtle as a Federal species ofc concern due to habitat loss.  Definitions of Record Status:  Current - the species has been observed in the county within the last 50; years. Historic -1 the species was last observed in the county more than 50 years ago. Obscure - the date and/or location of observation is uncertain. Incidental/migrant - the species was observed outside ofi its normal range or habitat. records (in adjacent counties), the presence of potentially suitable habitat, or both.  Probable/potential - the species is considered likely to occur in this county based on the proximity ofk known  MpSMAMAgOMRgMaadacyst.dira.nn  3/3    ALBEMARLE SOUND- COLLINGION AREA Area I-2  APPENDIX D. PROHIBITED TERRITORY  (Prohibited areas are hatched)  COUNTIES: CURKIUCK.CAMDEN. DARE, TYRELL  Designated A-1 Identifier Shellfish Harvesting Areas Prohibited Areas A Area  I-16  Boundary Boundary  -15  NAD83 NC State Plane 1.25 2.5  Locator Map  Kill Devill Hills  Colington Area  T  I-2  -15  STATE  Nag  Durant,  ORC SITE  H-2  (SEE NEXT PAGE FOR. AREA DESCRIPTIONS.)    ALBEMARLE SOUND - COLLINGTON AREA Area I-2 (Map 3)  PROHIBITED  CURRITUCK, CAMDEN, DARE, TYRRELL COUNTIES (Prohibited Areas are Hatched)  (a) Albemarle Sound - All those waters north of a line beginning at a point 35° 54.7283' N-750 46.0781'W near Redstone Point; running northeasterly following the William B. Umstead Memorial Bridge across Croatan Sound toa point 35° 55.6360' N -75° 43.4169 W on Roanoke Island; running northerly following the shoreline to a point 350 56.3553' N -75° 43.1208' W near the Fort Raleigh National Historic Site; running northeasterly across Roanoke Sound to a point 350 58.2858' N -75040.0005" W near Manns Point and Nags Head Woods on Bodie Island, to include all of Albemarle Sound, Currituck Sound, North River, Pasquotank River, Little River, Perquimans River, Bull Bay and  Alligator River.    Appendix E. Recommended Street Improvements  Page 1of4  KILL DEVIL HILLS - Street And Drainage Improvements Recommendations  2/6/18  Preliminary Cost (Including design and construction administration. All costs in $000.) Street Drainage WM Total $87 $10 $264 $243 $164 $15 $423 $0 $41 $15 $95 $26 $0 $0 $26  FY: 2018-19 Project  Condition Rating Length Remarks  Whispering Pines; sock drain tying into adjacent systems; overlay all streets  Pine Gove Trail Quail Lane Goldie Street Harrington Lane (Burns to Pine Grove) Poor Shay Street (Quail to Dean) Pine Cone Court Pine Needle Court Heather Lane  Poor Poor Fair3 Poor Fair3 Poor Poor  46.3 2,17050% drainage 42.0 3,160 65% drainage 56.4 150 38.3 510 100% drainage 41.0 320 100% drainage 54.0 180 42.3 180 46.0 320 100% drainage 6,990 6,160 1.17 miles Poor  $167 $12 $39 $25 $14 $14 $25  $12 $50 $14 $14 $50  $538 $343 $40 $921  FY2019-20 Project  Preliminary Cost (Including design and construction administration. All costs in $000.) Street Drainage WM Total $278 $143 $30 $451 $130 $25 $13 $5 $95 $50 $486 $41 $25 $54 $25  Condition Rating Length Remarks Poor 39.4 180 Poor Poor 45.4 1,030 Poor 46.6 1,340  Hayman Blvd & Plymouth Ave Plymouth Ave, overlay Sixth Avenue &Town Hall Drive Town Hall Dr, overlay; drain Sixth Av (Airstrip to Baum), overlay & drain  Hayman CirV Wt to Bay;e extend drainage; 1.5" overlay Poor 43.0 3,260  $179 $99 $341 $113 $228  2,370  FY 2020-21 FALL Proiect First Flight Village 3/Landings 3  (Including design and construction Street Drainage WM Total $242 $138 $50 $431  Condition Rating Length Remarks F3-Poor 48t 3,460  Cedar Dr, Captains Ln, Teakwood Ln, Captains Cir; ex WMI is PVC; overlay & drainage  SPRING Proiect Between the Highways Overlay El Helga, El Fourth wl Drainage Build Briggs wI Drainage ED Dean St, overlay El Martin St, overlay  2,264 600  $283 $90 $40 $51 $102  $91 $103 $477 $45 $25 $9 $25 $12 $26 $24 $27 Total for FY2020-21: $907 Preliminary Cost (Including design and construction administration. All costs in $000.) Street Drainage WM Total $260 $445 $50 $755  Poor 41t 1,130 Poor 26 234 Poor 50 300 Poor 51  FY: 2021-22 and beyond  (provided not as ai formal recommendation, just to stimulate future thinking)  Condition Rating Length Remarks  Memorial Blvd Drainage Trunk, Phase 2 Carton, Corrigan, Clark, DW's, "SOD": overlay! Mem. F1,F2,P Memorial Blvd Drainage Trunk, Phase 3 Martin thru Carolyn; parallel 30", WM adjustments Goddard to Carolyn; overlay, sock drain; upgrade 60% ofWM WThird St (US 158 to Creek: extend drainage): W Third: extend drainage 1.5" overlav  3,250 3,300  $330 $150 $480  Wrightsville Blvd  Poor 46 5,340 Poor 43.3 1.194  $427 $214 $299 $940 $169 $223 $146 $538 $186 $121  $72    Page 2of4  KILL DEVIL HILLS = Street And Drainage Improvements Recommendations  2/6/18  Blocks Below Summarize Previous Years' Projects  Note: Older project printed smallt tos save space; more recent ones larger on next page.  ZuusraProjoct Street Eighth Ave (Martin to Airstrip) Ninth Ave (Martint to Airstrip) Guivert repairs 2006 spring Project Street West Baum St W. Fresh Pond/ W. Lake Drive Connector Creek St (Thirdt tol Indian) carainar St (BUU BIOCK) 20061 Fail Project Street Sir Walter Rd Princess Anne Dr (Camellia toF First) Camellia Dr (Sir Waltert toF Princess Anne) East Landing Dr (Vove to US 158) 2007 Spring Project Street Seagate Ct Sea Vilagel La Sea Wing Ct Raymond Ave (Wilkinson to Arch) Raymond Ave (Arch toT Town Line) E. Chowan St( (NC 12to Raymond) E. Sotner St( (NU 1210 Raymond) 2007-081 Project Street Bay Dr (Nixonton to Town Line). Bay Dr (Hayman to Nixonton/Drainage), Vanous Urainage Projects 2008-091 Project Street St. Louis St (Susan toE Bay) Wallace St( (Susant toLee) Truxton St( (Leet to Bay) Wilkinson St( (Lee to Bay). Lee Ave (Wilkinson to Cameron). Palmetto St (Leet to Bath). EAvalon Drinage, Pnases 2009-107 Project Street WI First St (Canalt to! Ketch) w First St (Ketch toL Landing) wFirsts St (Lanaing tos southe end) ZUMURMPrOject Pnase 1AC completed, stormwater only, on urgent Dasis Street Ocean Acres Dr (158 to Copley W) Harrington Lane (OA to Burns) Bell Avenue (OAt toE Burns) Gunas Dr (portion n of OA) Burns Dr( (short portions) EIYZUIZUZVORar Ocean Acres Drive Ocean Acres Drive Burns Drive Harrington Ave Burns-Gunas) Gunas Drive Copley Drive Jones Court Adyust WM andr remove y" umpers" symmgzuipzVopar Pirates Loop Coral Drive Harpoon! Drive EaltayzurasVpdr Parkwood Area (roadr reconstruction & drainage) Parkwood Dr Maple Ct Myrtle Ct Elm Ct Telegraph Ct  (Mayzo0s) Street Condition Semi-improved Poor NOL applicabie (May:zu0s) Street Condition Unimproved Poor Drainage prainage (Mayzous) Street Condition Poor Poor Poor Poor (2007 rating) Street Condition Poor Poor Poor Poor Fair3 3 Poor Poor (20077 ralng) Street Condition Poor Good (aisol listed Drainage unly Delow) (2007 raung) Street Condition Poor Poor Poor Poor Fair3 Poor (2007T rating) Street Condition Poor Excellent Poor (2007 raung) Street Condition Fair3 Good Fair1 Fair1 Fairs Fair3 Poor Fair3 Fair2 Fair1 Fair1 Poor condtion Poor Poor Poor condnion Poor Fair2 Poor Fair3 Fair3  Poors Streeis FiXed uhis Seasoniz 400 Length Status 450 Completed 400 Completed Completed Poor Strees Fixed This Seasons 380 Length Comments 600 No Award Spring 05, Fall05, Spring 06 380 Completed 600 Completed 425 Compieted 3,650 Poor Strees ixed uss seasons 3,65010 Length Comments 1,920 Completed 720 Completed 350 Completed 660 completed; overiay Length Comments 100 Completed 500 Completed 100 Completed 1,625 Completed 600 No Award Spring 07, built: 2013 595 Completed 6U0 compieted 3,650 Poors Streeis Fixed Thiss Season 2,350 Length Comments 2,350 Includes Multi-Purpose Trail 1,300 Drainage only; futuret trail 6,482 Poors Streets Fixed thiss Season: 4,401 Length Comments 41.4 1,426 Completed 22,6 717 Completed 43.8 744 Completed 44.4 1,253 Completed 54.0 2,342 Completed. 22.0 529 No Award Winter 08, built 2014  cumulalver Lengt, Poor Streets Fixed 400 cumuauve Lengu, Poor Streets Fixed 780 cumulauver Lengun, Poor Streets Fixed 2,700 3,420 3,770 4,430 cumuaiver Lengu, Poor Streets Fixed 4,530 5,030 5,130 6,755 7,350 4,950 cumuauver Lengu, Poor Streets Eixed 10,300 cumulaiver Lengu, Poor Streets Fixed 11,726 12,443 13,187 14,440 cumuauver Lengi, Poor Streets Eixed 15,006 16,8UZ cumurauyetenguy Poor Streets Fixed 16,802  3,520 Poor Streeis Fixed Vhis Season35zUt  2.73  (aisol isted Drainage Uniy below) Complete; New Berns Street portionr not awarded winter U8  Poor Streets Fixed Vhs Season: ,3621t  4,126 Length! Comments 50.6 566 w/MP Trail; Completed 97.1 1,764 W/MP Trail; Completed 46.1 1,/96 WIMP Iran; Compieted 3,655 Length Comments 59.0 2,800 Stormwater infiltration only 89.0 250 Stormwater infiltration only 71.0 250 Stormwater infiltration only 75.0 135 Stormwater infiltration only 59.0 ZZU Stormwater intitration only Length Comments 59.0 3,050 15Overlay only 49.0 800 2" Overlay only 60.4 900 stormwater only 67.0 250 stormwater only 75.0 700 stormwater only 77.0 400 stormwater only 43.0 150 2" Overlay only 6,250 Lengun Remarks Poor Streets Fixed This Season: 1,252t 47.0 709 full reconstruction; grade change 48.4 302 full reconstruction 48.4 241 overlay 1,25Z Lengh Remarks 50.4 1,352 fullr reconstruction. 70.0 223 overlay 48.4 227 overlay 52.4 245 overlay 52.4 400 overlay 4,95T  Poor Strees Fixed Vhis Season:   Poor srees Fixed Uhs Seasons 9501  cumuauver Lengun, Poor Streets Fixed 17,602 17,752 cumuaiver Lenguy Poor Streets Fixed 18,461 18,763 19,004 cumuauver Lengu, Poor Streets Fixed 20,356 20,583  sW AREA (Ocean Acres) Stormwater, Phase2 2 Street Condition  Poor Streets Fixed This Season: 1,579ft    Page 3of4  KILL DEVIL HILLS = Street And Drainage Improvements Recommendations  2/6/18  Previous Years' Projects (continued from previous page)  FY 2013-14 Project: NW Area 2 Condition  Length Remarks  Cumulative Length, Poor Streets Fixed 26,666 5.05miles  Nixonton Street Bath Street Mary Hill Court Columbia Avenue Jean Court Shiloh Street Truxton Street Wilkinson St (Columbia to 158) Palmetto St (Lee to Bath)Altemate?)  Poor 42.0 1,039 Poor 40.4 948 Poor 46.0 367 Poor 37.4 777 Poor 46.0 374 Poor 42.0 1,159 Poor 50.0 890 Fair1 73.0 725 Poor 22.0 529  6,808 6,083f ftp poor Length Remarks 1,080 1,080' is part of1 1,965  FY 2014-15 Project: NY KHShores Condition Memorial Blvd. (Wright-Woodmere) Poor 29.2 1,965 Memorial Blvd. (48" pipe replacing ex. culverts)  Cumulative! Length, Poor Streets Fixed 28,631 5.42miles  Aviation Avenue Pinehurst Avenue Sutton Avenue Carlow Avenue Raleigh Avenue Baker Avenue Ferris Avenue  Excellent 95.6 550 Fair1 73.6 550 Good 81.4 550 Good 90.8 550 Fair2 68.4 945 158t to NC12 Excellent 95.6 550 Fair1 71.2 550  2,910 1,965f ftp poor Length Remarks  FY2015-16: Northwest Area, Phase 3, Wrightsville, Memorial, Sioux Drainage and E& WI Eighth  Cumulative Length, Poor Streets Fixed 32,596 6.17r miles  Condition  Memorial Blvd. (Baum- halfway to Corrigan). Wrightsville Blvd (Eighth tor north end) Cameron Street Susan Drive EE Eighth Street WE Eighth St  Poor 37.4 200 bid Sep 14; not awarded Poor 38.6 738 bid Sep 14; not awarded Fair3 54.6 1,025 Nags Head 50% share: $0 Fair2 67.0 1,417 Nags Head 50% share: $100  Poor 45.4 1,865 Poor 48.4 1,160  6,405 3,965f ftp poor Length Remarks  FY 2016-17: Clark/Blue Jay St, Mustian St, Carlton Ave, Cooke PI, Anchor Ct, Schooner Ct  Cumulative Length, Poor Streets Fixed 36,561 6.92 miles  Condition Poor 48.0 1,396 Poor 43.8 1,625 Poor 43.8 401 Poor 42.0 262 Poor 44.4 79 Fair2 56.4 200  w Clark Street Blue Jay Street. Mustian Street W Carlton Ave Cooke Place Anchor Court Schooner Court  begin Dec1 16, complete Apr 17 begin! Dec 16, complete Apr1 17 begin Dec1 16, complete Apr 17 begin Dec 16, complete Apr 17 begin Dec 16, complete Apr 17 begin Dec 16, complete Apr 17  3,963 3,965f ftp poor Length Remarks 5,6000 Oftp poor  FY2017-87: Bay Drive Multi-Use Path, Phases 3&4  (completion expected June 2018)  Cumulative Length, Poor Streets Fixed 36,561 6.92 miles  Condition Good 81.0 1,325 Fair3 58.2 4,275  Canal Dr, W First to Indian Bay, Indian to Avalon  Drainage Only Areas Completed Street or Area 06-07, East Avalon, Phase 1 07-08, Cardinal St 07-08, Creek St 07-08, Cedar Dr 06-07, East Avalon, Phase: 2 Second St/ Princess Anne Dr Martin St/Blue. Jay St Baum St/ /Memorial, Ave  (per Albemarle & Associates 2005 Multiyear Drainage Plan)  Nature of Problem Comments Residential property Flooding Completed Spring 06 Residential property Flooding Completed Spring 06 Residential property Flooding Completed Spring 06 Residential property Flooding Completed' Winter 07-08 Residential property Flooding Completed Winter 07-08 Commercial property flooding Completed Winter 07-08 Failing CMP, roadway damage Completed Winter 07-08  Residential property Flooding Avalon Street ONLY, not whole project; Completed Fall 04    Page 4of4  KILL DEVIL HILLS - Street And Drainage Improvements Recommendations POOR Streets Remaining (after completion of 2017/18 projects; 2017 rating, bold dropped to Poorin2017)  2/6/18 Type( ollector (C orLo ocal Access) LA LA LA LA LA LA LA LA LA LA LA LA LA LA U LA LA LA LA LA LA LA LA LA LA LA  In" "Poor Streets Remaining," streets/ highlighted with the following colors of shadinge arer recommended ont the first paget fort the following Fiscal Year:  FY2018-2019 FY2019-2020 900 234 180 3,260 512 2,997 549 230 930 1,194 410 320 1,890 1,030 5,340 1,540 1,340 600 300 428 1,607 2,814 157 900 320 3,660 152 19,890  E. HELGAS ST BRIGGS ST (Southo of Arch) PLYMOUTH, AVE w. HAYMAN BLVD. (Including Circle, to Bay) RANDOMS ST (Concrete) W. SPORTSMANI DR DOCK ST (Concrete) E. FOURTH ST SEMINOLE: ST (W Thirdt tol Indian) W.THIRD ST (US 1581 to Creek) CAPTAIN'S CIR TEAKWOOD! LN CEDAR DR( (WF Firstt to WF First) TOWNI HALL DR WRIGHTSVILLE BLVD (Goddard to Carolyn) MEMORIAL BLVD( (1228 Stol Martin) AVE SIXTH (Baum toA Airstrip) E. MARTIN ST E. DEAN ST SHAY: ST (Deant to Quail) PINE GROVE TR (Quail to Goldie) QUAIL LN (Pine Grovet tol Heather+) PINE NEEDLE CT HARRINGTON. AVE Ocean Acres toF Pine Grove) HEATHERI LN BURNS DR POND ST  Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor 6.40 miles  Total miles fallingt to Poor w/2017 Street Rating: 3.77 miles Poor (2017) Streets After 17-18 Project  33,7941 ft Upf from 2.63 milesi in January, 2017 Recommendation, due to re-rating    APPENDIX F. NCDOT LEVEL OF SERVICE  LEVEL OF SERVICE TARGETS  Thel North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) has developed a grading system for éach transportation: mode that defines how well that mode meets public needs. Thel level of] performance of each mode is ranked from LOS A toLOSF. Generally, a modal network rated at an optimum LOS A would provide excellent quality conditions, very convenient service, and wide availability of service, but possibly at an unattainable cost tol build, maintain, and operate. An improved, above average system, with LOS B rating, would provide good quality conditions, convenient service, and good availability of service, and with a higher return on investment than could be obtained for LOS Ai investment. A transportation: system at LOS Cis veering toward broader safety concerns, deferred maintenance, and congestion and land access issues that constrain economic opportunity. Onas system-wide basis, the  existing quality of North Carolina'st transportation system is LOSC. Ina addition to providing context, the table on the next page identifies: Average optimal overall LOS A for each mode. Average desired overall Target LOS for each mode. Average current overall LOS for each mode.  CAMA Land Use Plan  1/18/2019  Page F-1    APPENDIX F. NCDOT LEVEL OF SERVICE  LOS Targets Public tion good geographic  Level of Service A EXCELLENT B ABOVE  General Condition High quality Very smooth Frequent conditions, very roads, convenient service, widely available Good quality Generally conditions, convenient availability Minimally Morer rough acceptable conditions, minimally convenient service, moderate availability Poor facility limited availability Deteriorated facility conditions, rough roads, spotty and irregular services, very widespread limited availability  Bicycle/ Many and and pedestrian routes routes  Passenger Rail Good delays state rail service  Highways Transporta- Aviation Pedestrian Ferries  Ports* No: safety issues  service and No: safety varied bike Not ferry cross-  minimum congestion coverage smooth congestion roads, potholes & service and deficient bridges, geographic common congestion  issues  Good bus Some safety Some! bike Periodic Decent  ferry state rail Some safety delays service Frequent Limited delays service  AVERAGE service, good roads, some service  issues  issues  Infrequent coverage  C AVERAGE  limited Many safety Scattered ferry stater rail Many safety  issues bike routes  issues  D AVERAGE  conditions, very Many rough Barebones Many safety Few bike Frequent Poor state  BELOW minimal service, roads, broad  ferry delays service Regular ferry delays  rail  Many safety issues  congestion Widespread potholes & deficient bridges, congestion  service  issues  routes  F FAILING  Very service  Widespread No bike andl long No state Widespread  restricted safety issues routes  rail safety issues service  Shaded cells denote optimal overall modall level ofs service (LOS A), based on degree to which modal systems would Shaded cells denote current overall modal level ofs service, as determined by NCDOT as part ofi its 10-Year Project Prioritization process, based on degree to which modals systems meet defined performance: standards. Shaded cells denote current overall modal level ofs service, as determined by NCDOT as part ofi its 10-Year Project Prioritization process, based on degree to which modal: systems meet defined performance standards.  provide the! best possible quality of service, as defined by performance standards.  * Ports came under NCDOT management in: 2012, and LOS has not yet been rated.  Page F-2  1/18/2019  CAMA Land Use Plan    Appendix G. Land Use Plan Survey - 2007 and 2017 Comparison  Land Use Plan Survey  2007/2017 Comparative Tables on Identical Questions  1997 questions/Answers Included for Similar Questions highlighted in this color  Attribute  Very Important Slightly  Not Not % % 1.00 1.00 0.87 0.44 2.00 1.00 1.74 0.31 2.00 1.00 0.99 0.12 3.00 1.00 1.74 0.06 9.00 1.00 7.36 0.50 6.00 1.00 3.22 0.25 4.00 1.00 2.12 0.06 8.00 1.00 3.48 0.19  Total # to Responding Q1  Important % 71.00 77.24 47.00 56.39 63.00 69.92 39.00 45.71 20.00 24.31 46.00 49.26 37.00 44.95 31.00 47.23  Important Important Sure  Q1- Please indicate the number which best reflects your opinion regarding the importance of the following attributes.  % 23.00 19.15 40.00 33.75 29.00 22.62 42.00 39.99 40.00 38.78 32.00 35.50 40.00 38.03 38.00 33.31  % 4.00 2.30 10.00 7.82 6.00 6.34 17.00 12.50 31.00 29.05 15.00 11.77 19.00 14.84 23.00 15.79  Recreational water quality 2007 2017 Open spaces 2007 2017 Public beach accesses 2007 2017 Parks/recreation areas 2007 2017 Cultural activities 2007 2017 Wide beaches 2007 2017 Landmarks Historic 2007 2017 Sidewalks/mut-use paths 2007 2017  1,468 1,608 1,464 1,612 1,473 1,609 1,474 1,608 1,460 1,604 1,472 1,614 1,463 1,604 1,463 1,609  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 1 of24    Q1 Continued  Very Important Slightly  Not Not Sure Total #  Attribute  Important % 6.00 3.32 33.00 53.47 7.00 4.86 13.00 9.74 24.00 33.81 9.00 8.32 42.00 49.75  Important Important % 31.00 30.20 17.00 9.53 34.00 39.09 36.00 39.29 28.00 20.73 39.00 36.83 15.00 10.58  Responding toQ1 #  Q1-F Please indicate the number which best reflects your opinion regarding the importance of the following attributes.  % 19.00 13.35 44.00 35.21 19.00 17.08 33.00 33.92 39.00 36.99 37.00 38.32 39.00 36.63  % 43.00 51.88 6.00 1.73 39.00 37.59 17.00 16.49 8.00 6.91 13.00 15.16 4.00 2.91  % 2.00 1.25 1.00 0.06 2.00 1.37 1.00 0.56 2.00 1.56 2.00 1.37 1.00 0.12  Chain restaurants/retail 2007 2017 Locally owned restaurants/retail 2007 2017 Night life/night clubs 2007 2017 Entertainmentaamusements 2007 2017 Outer Banks architecture 2007 2017 Commercial businesses 2007 2017 Piers and ocean fishing 2007 2017  1,466 1,596 1,472 1,616 1,477 1,604 1,472 1,601 1,466 1,606 1,422 1,610 1,479 1,616  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 2 of24    Statements  Strongly Agree % 17.00 17.24 11.00 13.68 7.00 9.10 7.00 8.45 23.00 30.63 11.00 13.02 6.00 8.76  Strongly % 1.00 0.99 4.00 2.04 8.00 6.33 5.00 5.48 2.00 0.99 2.00 1.91 10.00 8.89  Total # Q2 # 1,466 1,520 1,475 1,520 1,476 1,517 1,473 1,514 1,476 1,518 1,472 1,521 1,481 1,519  Agree Disagree Disagree Not Sure Responding to  Q2- Please indicate which best reflects your opinion regarding these My overall opinion of services offered by the Town is satisfactory  statements. 2007 2017 Town streets are properly maintained 2007 2017 Roadside ditches are properly maintained 2007 2017 Open spaces are properly preserved 2007 2017 2007 2017 2007 2017 2007 2017  % 72.00 72.43 65.00 69.34 50.00 56.95 58.00 59.91 62.00 62.52 64.00 66.40 47.00 49.18  % 8.0 5.86 19.00 12.50 28.00 20.30 20.00 18.89 10.00 4.74 15.00 13.54 32.00 29.23  % 3.00 3.49 2.00 2.43 7.00 7.32 11.00 7.27 2.00 1.12 7.00 5.13 6.00 3.95  The Town provides good public beach accesses Parks/recreation areas are adequate Sidewalks/mut-use paths are adequate  Statements  Strongly Disagree % 22.80  2 % 42.70  3 % 29.60  4 Strongly Total# # Agree % % Responding 2.90 2.10 so subject/issue although  My overall opinion of services offered by the Town is satisfactory  1997  1,500  Please note that the survey does not list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997  this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997. Please note, in the 1997 tables the disapprovalapproyal survey for the purposes of in the 2007 and 2017 tables aPprovaldisapproval ratings flow right to left. Also, we have included staltementsiquestions on the same ratings flow left to right;  the actual text may be only similar and not an exact match.  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 3 of24    Statements  Need More % 43.00 37.48 14.00 9.96 19.00 19.76 37.00 40.86 56.00 57.00 35.00 38.30 27.00 35.96  About Right % 52.00 59.03 60.00 65.04 72.00 74.65 50.00 48.84 35.00 36.43 52.00 51.66 52.00 49.17  Need % 2.00 1.45 13.00 13.50 2.00 1.13 5.00 3.85 3.00 1.26 4.00 2.53 3.00 1.72  Total # toQ4 #  Less Not Sure Responding  Q4 Regarding our ocean beach accesses, please indicate your opinion regarding the availability of the following Ocean beach accesses with parking and more amenities  % 3.00 2.04 14.00 11.50 7.00 4.46 9.00 6.45 7.00 5.31 10.00 7.51 18.00 13.15  2007 2017 2007 2017 Lifeguard stands 2007 2017 Sidewalks to the beach accesses 2007 2017 Public restrooms 2007 2017 Showers 2007 2017 Bicycle racks 2007 2017  1,466 1,518 1,421 1,496 1,448 1,503 1,449 1,505 1,460 1,507 1,455 1,504 1,456 1,513  Ocean beach accesses without parking and fewer amenities  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 4 of24    Too Much About  Not Enough % 2.00 3.56  Not Sure  Total# Responding to Q5 # 1,458 1,488  Opinion  Right % 44.00 47.92  Q5-Which term best reflects your opinion of commercial  development in Kill Devil Hills  % 49.00 46.17  % 4.00 2.35  2007 2017  Opinion  Strongly 2 3 Disagree % % % 4.10 3.50 23.80 61.20 13.40 19.60  4 % 19.70 1.70  Strongly Agree % 48.90 4.10  Total # Responding 1,500 1,500  1997 The Town should become more residential, less 1997 The Town should become more commercial, less  commercial residential  Please note that the survey does not list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997 survey so for the  purposes of this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997.  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 5 of24    Opinion  Too Much About % 42.00 33.20  Not Enough % 4.00 6.40  Not Sure Responding Total# # to  Right % 51.00 59.06  Q6 # 1,460 1,485  Q6-Which term best reflects your opinion of residential  development in Kill Devil Hills  % 4.00 1.35  2007 2017  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 6 of24    About Right Enough % 32.00 30.24  Not % 36.00 41.73  Total # toQ7 # 1,456 1,488  Opinion  Too Much % 4.00 5.65  Not Sure Responding % 28.00 22.38  Q7-Which term best reflects your opinion of the Town's regulations for commercial development  2007 2017  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 7 of24    Too % 7.00 10.54  About  Not Enough % 28.00 33.56  Total; # toQ8 % 1,453 1,490  Opinion  Restrict Right Restrictive Not Sure Responding  Q8-Which term best reflects your opinion of the Town's regulations for residential development  % 42.00 39.80  % 23.00 16.11  2007 2017  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 8 of24    Statements  Too Tall About Too Low Not Sure Responding Total#  Right % 66.00 73.00 69.00 61.30 74.30 65.62  Q13 - Please indicate which option best reflects your opinion regarding height limits of buildings in Kill Devil Hills  toQ13 #  % 23.00 16.00 23.00 31.61 17.82 28.03  % 4.00 3.00 2.00 4.04 2.43 2.57  % 7.00 8.00 6.00 3.05 5.44 3.78  2007 Hotels Commercial Residential 2017 Hotels Commercial Residential  1,463 1,461 1,462 1,397 1,411 1,402  Opinion  Yes %/# 10.70 12.80 12.60 18.30 11.80 12.30 10.20 17.80 80.50  No %/# 86.70 77.60 79.90 71.50  No Total# # Opinion Responding %/# 2.60 4.70 3.20 5.50 4.50 6.30 5.10 6.10 6.80  1997 Special Issues a. Ocean front area  1997 Buildings of 5 or more stories should be allowed in b. Commercial zone between US 158 and NC 12 C. Residential area (West of US 158) d. Light Industrial area (West of US 158) be proportional with the structure should be allowed in the b. Commercial zone between US 158 and NC 12 Residential area (West of US 158) d. Light Industrial area (West of US 158) 1997 Existing height limitations in each Zone should be maintained  1500  1997 Buildings of 5 or more stories on a site that allows the remaining open space to  a. Ocean front area  78.0 74.90 78.30 69.00 5.40  1500  Please note that the survey does not list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997 survey so for  purposes  of this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997.  the  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 9 of24    Statements  Strongly Agree %  Strongly %  Total # toQ14 #  Agree Disagree Disagree Not Sure Responding  Q14 - Please indicate regarding the following statements. commercial development 2007 2017 Appearance the commercial zone 2007 2017 standards Appearance developments regardless of zone 2007 2017 Ilike the appearance of US 158 2007 2017 llike the appearance of NC 12 2007 2017 2007 2017  which option best reflects your opinion  %  %  %  The Town should strengthen standards of appearance for new  42.00 42.14  44.00 42.64 20.00 20.01  8.00 8.74 47.00 49.47  1.00 1.20 17.00 14.69  6.00 5.29  1,448 1,419  standards  should only be applied to development in  10.00 9.23  7.00 6.60 4.00 5.01 6.00 6.78 7.00 4.68 11.00 12.69  1,434 1,409  should be applied to all commercial  41.00 41.03 3.00 4.56 8.00 11.84 46.00 46.05  49.00 46.26 46.00 38.73 61.00 59.39 30.00 28.12  5.00 6.64 33.00 36.38 19.00 19.56 10.00 9.87  1.00 1.06 12.00 13.55 5.00 4.54 4.00 3.24  1,449 1,416 1,442 1,402 1,435 1,411 1,447 1,418  The power lines in Town should be placed underground  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 10of24    Statement  Strongly Disagree % 39.80 26.60 9.10 12.50  2 3 % % 7.60 25.50 11.60 22.90 2.50 19.30 3.20 19.30  4 Strongly Total # Agree Responding % % 16.10 11.00 17.50 21.40 26.20 42.90 12.20 52.70  1997 Relocation of overhead utilities should be funded by b. contributions from affected individuals  a. ad valorem taxes C. grants d. other  1500 1500 1500 1500  Please note that the survey does not list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997 survey so for the  purposes of this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997.  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 11 of24    Statements  Strongly Agree % 27.00 39.14  Strongly % 7.00 4.07  Total# toQ16 7 1,452 1,400  Agree Disagree Disagree Not Sure Responding  -  Q16 Please indicate which option best reflects your opinion regarding the following statements. US 158 (Croatan Highway) should not be widened  % 39.00 33.36  % 20.00 15.36  % 7.00 8.07  2007 2017  US 158 (Croatan Highway) should be widened to the extent necessary and the center turn lane converted to a landscaped  median 2007 2017 [2017] Additional provided on US 158 2007 2017  13.00 12.55  17.00 14.33  37.00 34.04  25.00 30.64  8.00 8.44  1,451 1,410  Bicycle and pedestrian crossings should be  36.00 38.18  45.00 34.09  11.00 15.95  4.00 6.07  4.00 5.72  1,455 1,417  Statements  Strongly Disagree % 48.10 44.80  2 % 14.10 14.30  3 % 13.00 13.70  4 Strongly Total # Agree Responding % % 10.60 14.20 12.40 14.90  1997 US 158 should be widened to have a total of seven lanes (3 northbound, 3 southbound, one center turn lane) 1997 US 158 should be widened to have six lanes and a divided, limited access, landscaped median  1,500 1,500  Please note that the survey does not list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997 survey so for the  purposes of this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997.  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 12of24    Statements  Strongly Agree %  Strongly  Total # toQ17  Agree Disagree Disagree Not Sure Responding  Q17 - Please indicate which option best reflects your opinion There should be a mix of commercial and residential uses along  regarding the following statements.  %  %  %  %  NC12 2007 2017 2017/Additional provided on NC 12 2007 2017 the Town 2007 2017  11.00 11.66  57.00 58.16  17.00 17.10  8.00 7.35  7.00 5.72  1,420 1,415  Bicycle and pedestrian crossings should be  35.00 25.30 32.00 37.35  51.00 40.82  7.00 23.67  2.00 72.00 5.32 5.00 4.09  1,434 1,411  4.89  Sidewalks along NC 12 should be provided for the entire length of  37.00 38.55  17.00 14.87  8.00 5.14  1,421 1,419  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 13 of24    Statements  Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Not Sure Total #  Agree %  Disagree %  Responding toQ18  Q18-1 Please indicate which option bestreflects your opinion Stormwater quality draining to the ocean should be improved  %  %  %  regarding the following statements.  2007 2017 2007 2017 adequate 2007 2017  27.00 35.54 6.00 7.77  42.00 41.51 18.00 18.71  8.00 6.55 34.00 31.44  3.00 20.00 1.29 15.11 14.00 28.00 11.73 30.36  1,412 1,390 1,410 1,390 1,410 1,388 1,412 1,391  Residential lots should be required to maintain stormwater on-site Standards for maintaining commercial stormwater on-site are  2.00 2.45  23.00 22.05 23.00 28.11  23.00 26.37 30.00 23.58  8.00 45.00 7.56 41.57 18.00 24.00 17.61  lwould be willing to pay the higher costs associated with improving  water flowing to the ocean 2007 2017 stormwater management system 2007 2017  5.00 9.13 6.00 10.55  21.57  Iwould be willing to pay the higher costs associated a Town-wide  27.00 32.59  26.00 18.88  17.00 24.00 15.94 22.04  1,410 1,392  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 14 of24    Question 2007 2017  Frequently Occasionally Rarely  No % % 22.00 51.00 20.49 47.02  Not sure Total # Responding  Q19 - Do you have a flooding problem at your property  % 5.00 6.97  % 20.00 23.65  % 2.00 1.87  toQ10  1,420 1,391  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 15of24    Statements  Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Not Sure Total#  Agree % 21.00 6.73  Disagree % 21.00 52.25  Responding toQ20  -  Q20 Please indicate which option best reflects your opinion Offshore oil and natural gas exploration should be supported  regarding the following statements  % 29.00 18.04  % 14.00 15.53  % 15.00 7.44  2007 2017  1,419 1,397  Statement  Strongly Disagree % 55.50  2 % 12.00  3 % 14.60  4 Strongly Total# # Agree Responding % % 7.80 10.20  1997 Off-shore oil and natural gas exploration should be  supported Please  1,500  note that the survey does not list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997 survey so for the  purposes of this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997.  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 16 of24    19 years 20-29 30-39 ory younger % % % 1.00 2.00 8.00 0 3.19 10.38 0.10 3.00 9.90  Total# # Q21 # 1,468 1,378 1,500  Demographics Q21 -What is your agegroup  40-49 % % 17.00 30.00 16.47 24.89 18.80 26.30  50-59 60-64 65 and  over Responding to % % 14.00 30.00 16.69 28.37 12.30 28.60  2007 2017 1997 Please check your age group category  Please note that the survey does not list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997 survey so for the  purposes of this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997.  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 17 of24    Demographics Continued  Year round  Part time resident/ home- owner % 36.00 34.14  Non- resident owner % 24.00 14.00  Total # Responding toQ22  Q22 Which residency group best describes you  % 41.00 51.86  # 1,459 1,371  2007 2017  Other City in North Carolina % 13.00  New York, New. Jersey, or Pennsylvania % 8.00  Total # Responding  Demographics  Virginia % 66.30  Other % 12.70  Where is your permanent residence?  1997  1,500  Please note that the survey does notl list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997 survey so for the  purposes of this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997.  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 18 of24    Demographics Continued  Yes No % % 17.00 84.00 10.44 89.56  Total # Responding to Q23  Q23-1 Do you own multiple properties in KDH  2007 2017  1,459 1,379  Demographics  Yes % 49.30  No % 50.70  Total # Responding 1,500  1997 Do you own multiple properties in KDH  Please note that the survey does notl list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997 survey  so for the purposes of this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997.  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 19 of24    Demographics Continued - Q24- Where is your property 2007 2017  Oceanfront % 8.00 8.33  Between the Highways  West of US1 158 % 61.00 63.84  Other % 3.00 6.38  Total # Responding to Q24  31.00 25.36  1,527 1,380  Between the West of US North of  South of Road % 20.70  Total # Outof Town Responding % 27.80  Demographics Where is your primary residence 1997  Oceanfront % 5.60  Colington Colington Road % 79.30  Highways % 25.60  158 % 68.80  1,500  Please note that the survey does not list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997 survey so for the  purposes of this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997.  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 20 of24    Demographics Continued  Weekly Monthly Private Commercial Rental Rental Use % % 18.00 9.00 76.00 14.15 4.57 79.97  Total # Q25 # 1,649 1,378  Business Other Responding to  Q25 Which category of use best describes your property  %  % % 2.00 6.00 2.90 5.59  2007 2017  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 21 of24    Demographics Continued  Less than 5-10. 5years % 17.00 22.23  10-20 years % 28.00 24.20  More than 20 years % 33.00 32.94  Total # Responding to Q26 # 1,465 1,372  years % 22.00 20.63  Q26 - Which of the following best describes how long you have lived in or owned property in KDH  2007 2017  Demographics  Less than 5-10 years 10-20 years More than 20  Total# Responding  5y years % 12.70  years % 27.00  Which of the following best describes how long you have lived in or owned property in KDH  % 21.30  % 38.90  1997  1,500  Please note that the survey does not list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997 survey so for the  purposes of this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997.  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 22of24    Employed Employed  Total # Q27 # 1,447 1,382  Demographics Continued Q27 -Which category best describes your employment status 2007 2017  Full Time Part Time Seasonally Unemployed Retired Responding to  All Year Employed % 5.00 5.14  % 57.00 59.04  % 1.00 1.37  % 1.00 0.65  % 36.00 33.79  Employed Employed Seasonally  Total# #  Demographics  Full Time Part Time Employed Unemployed Retired Responding  All Year % 5.30  Which category best describes your employment status 1997  % 53.70  % 2.20  % % 0.9 37.80  Please note that the survey does not list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997 survey 1,500 so for the  purposes of this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997.  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 23 of24    Sales, Real Service/ Estate Hospitality  Demographics continued  Gov/ Education Prof/ Const (2007) (2017)  Hotell  Total # toQ28  Military  Tech  Motel Other Responding  Real Estate Restaurant (2017) (2007) %  Q28 -Which category best describes your employment type %  %  %  %  % % % 3.00 2.00 14.00 12.75 0.78 11.86  # 911 894  2007 2017  12.00 14.21  8.00 35.00 12.00 13.00 9.06 35.68  5.93 9.73  Government Military % 14.00  Prol Technical % 8.20 28.30  Sales/ Estate % 7.50  Total  Demographics Which category best describes your employment status 1997  Education  Construction Real  Housewife Restauran Hotell Othe  t  Motel r Respond % %  %  % 5.60  % 3.60  % 2.00  Please note that the survey does not list the number of respondents to each question. There were 1,500 responses to the 1997 survey 1.30 so 9.30  1500  purposes of this comparison we will assume all 1,500 responded to all question from 1997.  for the  LUP Survey Comparative Tables 1997/2007/2017 Page 24 of24    Appendix H.  Future Land Use Vacant Parcels  Legend Dare County Killl Devil Hills Town Limits Vacant Parcels Roads FLU Commercial Conservation Industrial Low Density Residential Medium Density Residential Government & Institutional  Kitty! Hawk Bay  Albemarle Sound  Oyster  Atlantic Ocean  BlountBay  Buzzard Bay  0 0.1250.25 0.5 0.75 Source: Town of Kill Devil Hills, Dare County