2040 Land Use Plan  Vision Statement  "We envision Bunn to be an attractive and progressive community while maintaining its rural character. It will be a community that provides opportunities and services for growth of business, housingjand recreation while preserving its environmental and cultural resources. Itwill provide safe, accessible, and inviting areas for work community, and commercial activities. It will be a community that celebrates its diversity while! Fostering unity among its  citizens"    Acknowledgments  Town of Bunn Planning Board Russell Vollmer, Chairman Dianne Barrett, Member Chris Brantley, Member Audrey Hartsfield, Member Karen Henn, Member  Town Commissioners Marsha Strawbridge, Mayor Nicole Brantley Mack Jones Sherry Mercer Don Mitehell Bunn Staff  of Bunn  Board of  Pamela F. Perry , Ton.dminitrator: Tony Lowery, Publie Works Supervisor Michelle Bryant, Deputy Clerk Carolyn Ransdell, Utilities Clerk  Kerr-Tar Governments Dianne Cos, Director Frank Frazier, CO  Regional  Couneil  of  Michael Kelly, Planning Director ,CO  2    The Original 2020 Land Use Plan was performed by the NC Department ofCommerce. The 2040 update has been performed using the most eurrent Census data as well as other information avaible from various agencies. The plan is not a regulatory doeument. Itis a policy guide that details the Town's long term goals and objectives and provides a foundation for other zoning and other land  development regulations.  The Kerr- Tar Regional Council ofGovernments appreciates the opportunity to provide this update and thanks the citizens ofBunn who participated in the community survey as well as the'l TownofBunn Planning Board and Board of  Commissioners.  3    TableofContents .Introduetion and Overview 1.01: Purpose ofPlan 1.02: Scope ofUpdated Plan_ 1.03: Plan Process_ 1.04: Publie Participation 1.03: Plan Organization and Structure 1.06: Users of Plan Various places in Bunn to visit and/ or relax 2. Population and Economy. 2.01: Community Profile 2.02: Population Growth Trends 2.03: Eeonomie Profile 3. Vision and Issues 3.01 Community Issues_ 3.02 Community issues and Priorities 3.03 Community Strengths and Weaknesses .Natural Ensiromment Element 4.01 Enironmental Pactors -1.02 Related Issues_ 4.03 Gioals, Objectives and Policies_ 5.01 Public Pacilities and Infrastrueture 3.01: Existing Conditions 3.02: Related Issues_ 5.03 Goals, Objeetives and Policies 6.0 Land Use and Housing 6.01 Existing Conditions. 6.02 Related Isstes_  10-15 17 17 22 22 26 26 26 29 30 30 31 33 36 36 40 40 13 13 48  4    6.03 Goals, Objeetives and Policies_  49 57 57 63 67 67 74 76  7.01 Land Use) Plan_  7.01: Land Classification System 7:02: Land Use Map S.OImplementation Program_ 8.01: Action plan  8.02: Plan Monitoring and Evaluation 8.03: Plan Amendment and Update.  List ofTables  Table 1: Population Projections Table 3: Existingl Land Use Summary Table. 4: Housing' Type Table 5: Housing Cost Comparisons  Table! 2: Employment by Industry ofworkers or Older in 2020  Listo ofFigures Figurel 1: Bunn Population Figure 2: Educational. Attaimment Figure: 3: Annual Income Levels Figure 4:Hlistorical Population Growth Rates Figure 5: Annual Unemployment Rates Figure 6: Place ofl Employment for Bunn' Workers Figure 7: Hllustration of Eneroachment in 100 jear Floodplain Figure 8: Water Consumption by Uisers  List ofMaps MAPI: Study Area Map MAP: 2: Soils with severe. limitations MAP: 3: Statel Flood Hazard Areas MAP 4: Wetlands Inventory MAP: S: Water and Sewer! Map MAP 6: Existing Land Use Map MAP7: Updated Land Use Map  MAP 8: 2020 Powell Bill Map prepared by Municipal Engineering Services Company, P.A.  5        Chapter 1  1.0 Introduction and Overview  This introduction and overview describes the overall purpose and scope of the update to the existing land use plan and its role in guiding future land use and development decisions. With a clear understanding of the plan's purpose, both publie and private decision makers can effectively prepare and promote development proposals that support the town's vision, address its needs, and respect the physical constraints of land. This plan will provide an update to conditions since the original plan was developed and approved and provide a reasonably up-to-date land use plan consistent with Chapter 160D ofthe North  Carolina Gemeral Statutes.  1.01: Purpose ofthe updated Plan  The Bunn 2040 updated Land Use Plan is the! long range growth management plan for the' Town of Bunn. The plan is not a regulatory document however it establishes a guideline for local officials to follow when evaluating development proposals and when considering development regulations and programs. Thej plan presents a coordinated strategy to direct Bunn towards its vision by describing goals for the future, as well as policies to guide day-to-day decisions. The plan translates the community'si needs, concerns, and aspirations into a comprehensive approach for managing growth and conserving the town's natural, physical, and fimancial resources. Rezoning and zoning ordinance amendments must be considered in relation to  the Land Use Plan.  1.02: Scope ofupdated Plan  The scope of the updated plan, in order to achieve its purpose, involved a comprehensive study of past and present growth and possible development issues in Bunn. Due to minimal growth, the' Town continued to use its existing corporate and tratcerienaywralton areas that were originally studied in, the 2020 Land Use Plan. Second, the town studied a broad range ofissues that can influence how development occurs, where development occurs, and when' development occurs. Finally, the updated plan reviewed strategy being utilized to address those growth and development issues previously. The plan is applicable within Bunn's Municipal limits as well as the ETJ area.  7    1.03: Plan Process  Key considerations were used in evaluating the existing plan using existing and new data. The process involved aj progression ofs steps that ineluded a study of existing conditions and trends in the designated study area, formulation of goals and objectives to guide development decisions, and formulation of a strategy to address relevant growth and development issues. The process was adopted to produce an updated plan that effectively addresses Bunn 's long- range development needs, and that helps Bunn to effectively manage its  natural, physical, and fimancial resources.  1.04: Public Participation  Community involvement by the citizens in the study area was a eritical component ofunderstanding the status of: a community and its needs. Therefore, several meetings were held to evaluate existing needs and help identify community issues and gain valuable insights. The Kerr Tar Regional Couneil ofGovernments and the' Town ofBunn staffmade an extensive public outreach effort to maximize publie participation in the planming process. Citizen input was solicited through use ofa community meeds survey and a town meeting to helpi identify community issues and preferenees and what has taken place sinee the last comprehensive land use plan was dome. An announeement in the local newspaper encouraged citizens to attend meetings held to diseuss revisions to the plan. Finally, the town held a public hearing as required by statute to allow citizens to comment on thej plan's proposals prior  toi its adoption by the Town Board.  1.05: Plan Organization and Structure  The Bunn Land Use Plan is organized under a number ofchapters that reports on the various components of the plamning process. Chapters 2 and 3 provide updated information on the community and its preferences, and set the foundation for preparing the plan elements. Chapters 4 thru 6 discuss the plan elements, which address issues related to the natural environment, public facilities and infrastructure, and land use and housing. Chapter 7 presents the future land use plan, which is a blueprint ofthe land development patterns that will be encouraged through plamming policies and programs. Finally, Chapter 8 presents an implementation plan, which deseribes measures the town will take  8    to ensure that the policies are implemented and the plan remains relevant to  current conditions. 1.06: Users ofthe Plan  The plan is intended for the use of anyone who has an interest in the future of Bumn. Local officials willl be the primary' users ofthe plan. They will refer to the plan when evaluating development proposals, establishing development regulations and programs, and implementing an infrastructure improvement program. Other users of the plan will include developers, planners, engineers, citizens, and other stakeholders. For them the plan will be an information resource for understanding the town's long range plans for certain areas and to  base development decision on them.  The 2020 Plan together with the plan elements ofthe recent surveys and communitye engagement aret the essence ofthe Bunn 2040Land Use Plan. They contain the guidelines for establishing development programs and regulations. The Land Use Plan and the goals and policies should be given equal weight when evaluating development proposals. The definitions of  goals, objectives, and policies are presented below:  * Goal: A concise statement that descriibes a desired condition to be achieved. A goal is a target or end towards which planning is directed. A goal is not quantifiable, time dependent, or suggestive of specific actions for  achievement.  * Objective: A concise statement or method of action that addresses a goal, and if pursued and accomplished, will ultimately result in achievement of the goal to which it is related. An objective should be achievable and, when possible, measurable and time specific. * Policy: A specific statement that guides decision-making to achieve plan implementation. A policy is clear and unambiguous, and is formulated in response to the goals and objectives, as well as the results ofthe community assessment ofissues, or state and federal mandates.  9    TOMR OF BUNN  Est. I9ES  Town ofBunn Entrance Sign  10    Park  Bunn 2019  Establahed?  Communiy  Bunn Community Park  11    Bunn Town Hall  12    Bunn Fire Department  13    14    15        CHAPTER 2  2.01 Population and Economy  This chapter presents a eurrent study ofthe population and economy in Bunn and the surrounding region. This chapter contains a profile of the eurrent population, an analysis of historical and future population trends, and an anabsisofeconomice and employment trends. Theinformation contained in this chapter set the foundation for updating land use, housing and  infrastructure meeds. 2.01: Community Profile  The community profile deseribes the social and economic characteristies, based on the most recently published census data, ofBunn's eurrent population. The profile provides baseline data that are useful in planning for futurel land use, housing, and infrastructure meeds. Additionally, the community profile provides indicators for population growth, and providesa mechanism to determine the impact proposed developments will have on local  resources. A. Population Size  Bunn's estimated population in 2020 was 327 persons. Bunn is the fourth largest among thei incorporated areas in Franklin County as Centerville was dissolved on July 22, 2017.FIGUREI: showst that Bunn continues to experienee periods ofpopulation  loss between 2010 and 2020 with a 4.9 % decrease.  17    Population for FIGURE I: Bunn from 1960 to 2020  Bunn Population  600 500 400 300 200 100  505  344  327  300  284  Year  Source: US Census  B. Age Structure  Ar review ofthe median age reported in the 2020 Census indicates that Bunn's population is older than the, general population ofthe state. Bunn's median age of43.7years is nearly 5 years higher than both North Carolina's median age of  38.7years,and" Franklin County's median age of4l.4years.  C. Educational Attaimment  The most recent data published on the educational attainment level of the FIGURE2: Educational, Attainment ofl Population 25 Years or Olderin: 2020  population was reported in the 2020 Cemsus.  Franklin County 13.9%0 29.8°0 23.9"0 10.590 13.590 6.5"0  NC 12.20 25.7"0 21.200 9.7"0 20.0%0 11.300  Bunn 18.400 29.7290 22.6-490 15.09%0 13.21% .9  No High School Degree High Sehool Grad Some College, no degree Associate Degree Bachelor's Degree Grad orl Professional Degree  Source: Ameriean Community Survey and UsCensus  18    D. Income Levels  Personal and household income levels have a direet bearing on the cost of housing goods and services that can be afforded by the community. The 2020 Census reports the most recent income data for Bunn, Franklin County and North Carolina (see FIGURE 4). The income levels reported for Bunn were below the state average in all income categories- Bunn's median household income was more than 21 % pereent lower than the state's. Bunn's per capita income was approximately 21 percent lower than Franklin County.  FIGURE3:  Medium Household Income ofPopulation in 2020  North Carolina- $56,642 Franklin County- $55,193  Bunn-  $44,750  E. Household Characteristics  This section presents a summary of household characteristics, based on the 2020 Census, in the town of Bunn. Household is a basic unit that can be used to measure development impacts on public services and imfrastructure, and to monitor population growth in thes study area. Household characteristics include an inventory oflouseholds, and their characteristics, including household size 1.The 2020 estimate indicates that the town of Bunn' had a total of 205 households. The average size for all households was 2.19 persons per unit. Owner-oceupied household areestimated at 69.3%and remter occupied unitsat  and composition.  30.70%.  2. Household Composition  In Bun, 18.9 % ofchildren live in Bunn with 2.7% under 5 years old, 10.9 %  from 5-14; years and 5.3% from 15 to 17yearsold.  19    2.02: Population Growth Trends  Population growth in a town is influenee by both internal and external forces. Forces are trends imfluenced by conditions in the community such as housing opportunities, infrastructure capacity, public facilities, and other community amemities. External forees are trends influenced by forces outside the community such as development ofemployment centers in the region. Predicting future population growth with certainty is diffieult because of the possibility of future annexations and the external forces that influence growth however projecting based on historical growth trends provide a reasonable indicator of future growth. Population projections provide a starting point for examining fixture land use and infrastructure However, because the implicationsofundlrestimating, OP overestimating fintureneeds: are, gog great,the town must carefully monitor growth trends in the region, and make any  necessary adjustments to long rang population projections.  A.Historical Growth Trends  Figure 4 showsthe historical percentage growth rates for Bunn, Franklin County,and North Carolina firom 1960 to 2020. Bunn's population growth rates have fluctuated between positive growth, and negative growth while Franklin County has consistently experienced positive, growth. Between 1970 and 1980, Bunn experieneed its highest growth rate since 1960. Hlowever,by 1990 Bunn experieneed its greatest population loss and has continued to decline during a time when Franklin County's growth rate had increased toi its highest level. While Franklin County's population has inereased significantly over the last decade, the growth from the Research Triangle Region has had a limited historical impact on the Town's population and growth. There has been significant interest in development ofmew housing in and around Bunn and the Town was proactive sinee the original land use was approved in developing and approving a subdivision ordinance and updating other subdivision regulations.  20    FIGURE 4: Historical Population Growth Rates from 1960 to  2020  Population Growth  600 500. 400 300 200 100 0 1940  5A5  332 284  944  343  1960  1980  2000  2020  2040  2060  Note: Population projeetions for Bunn were not asailable for: 2030 or 2040, thereforea. .300 ronth rate MAS used whichi is! less than the grouth rate esperienced by Franklin County  Source: US Census for year's indicated  B. Population Projections  The Office ofState Planning caleulates population projections on the state and county levels. Bunn projections assume the town's share of the county's future growth, will be proportionate with the. town's share of the county's current population, which is .75 percent. TABLE I presents the eurrent population estimates, and future population projections for Bunn, Franklin County, and  North Carolina.  C.Components ofChange  There are two basic components to population change in a county natural change and net migration. The Office of State Planning estimates that most of the county's new, growth will result from the migration of people. from other areas. Franklin County, by the year 2030, will add an additional 22,734  21    persons to its population-79 percent, 17,953 persons, will be from net immigration; and 21 percent, 4781 persons, willl be from natural inerease.  2.03: Economie Profile  This section presents a profleofeconomic and employment trends in Bunn and the surrounding region. Economie: and employment growthinfluence the rate of population growth within a region. In turn, population growth within a community presents mew economic opportunities to service mew residents. The economic profile provides a description ofthe economie setting, and contains a report on economie and employment indicators that will influence the growth in  the region. A. Economie Setting  Bumni is located int thes southeastern portionofFranhlin County, at thec crossroads off Highway 39 and Mighway 98. Franklin County is part of the Research Triangle Economic Development region. The Research Triangle region is one of seven regions designated by the State for the purpose of coordinating economie development strategies. Bunn is located within 30 minutes oftwo major urban centers: the capital eity of Raleigh and Rocky Mount. Bunn's central location makes it relatively accessible to the employment, economic, and shopping opportumities available in the two urban centers. Highway 39 and Highway 98 link Bunn to the region. Ilighway 39 is a state highway that connects with US Highway 64. Highway 64 is primarily a limited access highway between Rocky Mount and Raleigh and also has access to Interstate Highway 93. Highway 98 is as state highway that connects Highway 401. Mighway 401 services both the  county seat ofLouisburg, and the state eapitol ofRaleigh.  B.Economie Trends and Condition  This section reports on the economic and employment trends in Bunn and the surrounding region. The State of North Carolina deseribes economie and employment trends for the state, its seven regions, and all 100 counties. The State Department of Commerce reports recent economie and employment through its regional and county profile-reports. The State Employment Seeurities Commission prepares monthly reports on memployment for thestate and its counties. The 2020 Cemsus contains the latest published data on the  employment base ofBunn's workforce.  I.F Regional Profile  While business failure rate, was slightly above state average, the business startup rate was the highest in the state. The per capita income and average  22    wages were above the state averages by 12 and 9 percent respectively. The unemployment and poverty levels in the region were the lowest in North Carolina. For more information on the Research Triangle region, contact the  North Carolina Department ofCommerce.  2. Tier Designation  Franklin County continues to be among the better performing counties economically in the state. The State, using a 3-tier designation system, measures the economic climate ofits counties. A tier designation is a measure ofthe economie distressed level, based on population growth, poverty level, and other economic indicators, experienced by a county in relation to other counties in the state. A tier 1 reflects the greatest amount ofeonomieditress, and a tier 3 indicates the lowest level ofeconomic distress. Franklin County is  eurrently assigned a tier 2 designation.  3. Average Weekly Wages  According to the Department of Commerce, Franklin County's work force was  compensated at an average ofs910 per week.  4.Levels  Franklin County's employment rates remain lower than the state average based on data from 2010 to? 2020. PICURESalonythe annual nemployment rates for Pranklin County and North Carolina from 2010 until tlrough 2020.  23    FIGURES: Annual Unemployment Ratesfirom: 2010to 2020  UNEMEPLOYMENT RATE  :e YEARS  NC  FC  Source: State Employment Secarities Commission  C.Class ofWorkers  According to Census Data, 74.6% aree employees for] private companies, 1.3%8 areselfemployed in own incorporated business, 64% in private not-for-profit organizations, 13.1 % in local, state, or federal government and 4.7% selfemployed in own not incorporated business  workers.  1.The average travel time to work is 28.7 minutes and the Means ollransportation to work  (workers 16; years and older) in Bunni is the following:  Drove alone-7 70.9% Carpool-8.0% PablieTansportation- 0.0% Walked- -6.1% Other. Means- 4.8% Worked atl Home-15.2%  24    Figure 6. Employment by industry ofWorkers16: years or older in 2020  Industrial Sector  Bunn 25.40 5.9 22.5 30.1 4.2 9.3 2.5 2.56  County State 31.9 11.4 18.10 9.60 5.00 4.60 5.20 1.10  Services Manufacturing Trade construction  40.0 12.1 24.1 7.00 6.17 4.80 4.10 1.2  Finance, insurance, and realestate Transportation, Communication, Utilities Government Agriculture inc mining  Source: 2020 Census  2. Commuting Patterns  Bunn continues to serve as a "bedroom" community for workers who are  employed in other locations.  25        CHAPTER 3  3. Vision and Issues  The Vision and Issues Chapter refleets the community's preferences and perceptions regarding growth and development for the townofBunn. This chapter inelndes neweitizen input gathered from the community needs survey and from publie meetings held with the Planning Board and Town Board including citizens that were present at these meetings. The town translated the input received firom the public into a vision ofwhat the community should be, and  identified issuesthat: should be addressed to attaini its vision.  3.01: Community Vision  The vision statement presented below deseribes the ideal conditions that should exist in Bunn as it grows and develops over the mest IOtol ISyears. The vision statement establishes a focal point towards which all growth and development goalsare directed. The community's vision for the future set the direction for updating the Bunn 2040 Land Use Plan. Ifthe plan is fully implemented, Bunn should evolveinto the community deseribed in its vision statement. The community vision that wasa adopted, based on the community survey results,i is presented below. The' Town ofBunn has also worked with the North Carolina Department ofCommerce in providing an Economie Development, Assessment whichis nearing completion and being considered for approval by the Town  board.  Vision Statement  Weenvision Bunn to be an attractive and progressive community while maintaining its rural character. It will be a community that provides opportumities and services for growth of business, housing; and recreation while preserving itse environmental and eultupal resources.. It will provide safe, aceessible, and inviting areas for work community, and commercial activities. It will be a community that celebrates its  diversity while fostering unity among its citizens"  8.02: Community Issues and Priorities  To gain a perspective on what issues were most important to the commnity;the  26    town asked citizens through the community survey to identify key concerns, problems, or conditions the town must address in order to improve the quality of  life int the community, and to necommodate positive growth.  Theissues identified below helped Bunn identify policies to address community concerns and problems. Thet top IO issues, based on the resultsofthe community  needs survey, were: as follows:  1. Condition ofvarious streets and lack ofsidewalks  Lack of reereation facilities such as a community eenter and new Town 3. Poor appearance ofcommunity including trash in back yards, removal of Problems attracting business and industry including more food stores,  Hall  deteriorated buildings another grocery store.  5. Storm water runoff, lack ofunderground utilities  6. Availability of adequate housing and new homes to replace derelict  properties  - imount ofland that is available for growth. - lackofcommercial development.  9. Enforcement of nonconforming uses and issues such as loud music,  mullers.  27    -  28    3.03: Community Strengths and Weaknesses  Bunn, as with any town, has many strengths and weaknesses that influenee its ability to attract positive growth, and necommodate development. Community strengths are assets, opportunities, orresources available to Bunn that add to the quality oflife toi itseitizens, and contribute positively towards the town's vision. Bunn strengths make it an attractive placet to live, work, and play. Community weaknesses are lisadyantages, or resources the town lack that ean hinderi its ability to attract positive growth, 01 can be harmful to the health, pride, and image ofl Bunn. The town's aimis to develop strategies and policies that will allow Bumn to take advantage ofits strengths and mitigate its weaknesses.  A. Community Strengths community strengtias:  Below is a list ofconditions and opportumities that have been identified as  Bunn is centrally located between Rocky Mount and Raleigh. Bunn has: a quality primary and secondary school system.  Bunn has a fireand reseue department operating within its town limits. Ileasy traflic volume on Tlighway 39 however there are concerns relativeto creating safe dountown parking and speed of'traflic along this corritlor.  Town has excess sewer capacity  malfomm.Atmmnplere and great community feel  B. Community Weaknesses  Below kwalixtofconditions, o1 threatsthat have been identified as community Old and deteriorating buildings that owners have not shown any desire to upgrade Not enough activities for youth and adults such as greenspace, walking paths, bike  weaknesses:  trails.ete.  lack ofcompetitive grocery stores More opportumity for the elderly folks  Old and Deteriorating waterand ewerintraxtructure  29    Chapter  4. Natural Environment Blement  Bunn must strike a balance between providing for its growth and development needs, and protecting the natural environment firom mappropriate development. The Natural Environment Element establishes the framework for mamngingdevclopment in a manner that will protect the town's natural resources, enhance its physical appearance,. and mitigate the public's exposure. to environmental hazards. This element expresses the town's plan to ensure development activitiesare sensitive to the natural and built  environment.  -1.01: : Environmental actors  Several environmental factors can impact the development capacity ofa site. Certain enmirommental conditions can severely limit thei intensity ofdevelopment orinfrnstructure improvements that can oeeur on a site. These conditions may require special development and maintenance controls to mitigate the negative impactsd development may have on either natural resources, or on publie safety. Envirommental factors such as soil conditions, slope, floodplains, and wetlands must be considered when eterminingapprepriate locations fordevelopment. Thisinventor) set the foundation for entibimgconxeriation areas, establishing development management policies, and identifying potential ensirommental  issues. A. SoilConditions  Map 2 presents an inventory ofsoils with severe limitations for commercial OF residential development according to the Franklin County Soil Survey published by the Natural Resource Conservation Service. Land with severe soil limitations may require extensive site controls andmmintennnee meastres in order tol be appropriately developed for commercial or residential activities. The types ofsoil conditions that can impact development potential ofland  include wetness, permeability, and shrink-swell potential.  B. Steep Slopes  30    The contours ofland within the study area ean be viewed on the US Geological Survey Maps. The slope ofland is the ratio ofvertical rise over" the horizontal distance. When the slope ofland exceeds 15 percent it can present severe limitations for most development activities and imfrastructure improvements. Steep slopes can inerease erosion and sedimentation, and can inerease costs of extending transportation and utilities infrastructure. Steep slopes ean also  enhance thevisual appeal ofthe physical environment.  C. Flood Prone. Areas  Development in flood prone areas can present emiment danger to life and property ifnot managed properl.Derclopment eneronchment can canse flood levels to rise and the flow velocity offloodwatersto increase,t thereby endangering adjacent properties and reducing emergeney responsetime. Developments located in a 100-year floodplain are particularly vulnerable because there isal pereent probability that a flood event will oceur in any given year. Therefore, flood controls measures are required to mitigate the potential hnazards from a flood event. FIGURESI illustrates how the eneronchment ofdevelopment activities such as fill ean impact flood levels in the 100-yr floodplain.  FIGUI RE7: llustration ofEncronchment in 100-year Floodplain  100 YEARFLOODPLAIN  FLO0D FR:NGE Em Em hge TREAMO CHANAEL  E 6 eistirg ligad Ewaigte condtos - Fiood mnerachmerl svaticnane et: 1od corpete rge  Map3 presents an inventory ofthe 100-year floodplain in the designated study area based on theNFIPFlood. Maps produced by the Federal Emergeney  Management igeney. D. Wetlands  Wetlands are areas inundated or saturated by surface or groundyaternta frequeney and duration sufficient to support a prevalenee ofvegetation adapted for life in saturated soils. State and federal laws,such asthe US Clean WaterAet, National Emironmental Protection Aet, and the State Enyironmental Protection let, regulate development ofwetlands in North Carolina based on1 their fumetion. Wetlands can funetion as a filter of pollutants to the drinking water supply, a storage areafor floodwaters, or as a habitat for fish and wildlife.  31    The US Corp ofl Engineers, or the State Department ofEnvironment and Natural Resource delineates wetlands during a development permitting process. The permitting process, in most cases, must be completed prior to the, commencement Map 4 presentsant inventory of probable wetlandsi in thestudy area based on the  ofany development activity.  National etinndsimentor; Maps. 4.02 I Related Issues Development in flood prone  areas  Erosion control mear creeksandponds:  Theappearance ofthe community Buffering and landseaping Old oF abandoned mobile  Preservation ofbuilding stock Junk materials (cars) on properties  homes  32    4.03 Goals, Objectives, and Policies  Goal: The natural and built environment will be clean, healthy, and aesthetically pleasing, and will enhance the economic and social value ofthe community.  I.  Objectives: Development in Bunn will enhance visual appeal of the town's  natural andbuilt environment.  Policies:  Alldwellings, structures, and properties shall be properly maintained and buffered soas not to contribute to the visual blight ofthe  community. landscape.  Development shall improve or enhance to visual quality ofthe town's Encourage new development and publie facilities to incorporate  unique naturalfeatures intothe physical design.  ramstetienefaatumt landscape features to bufferincompatible scenicviewsnlong major corridors should enhance the overall visual Objective: To preserve and enhance theenvironmental quality ofl Bunn's natural  land uses.  and cconomicappeal ofBumn. resourcesi forthe benefit ofits citizens.  2.  Policies  ipprove development proposals sonly whenite can bedemonstrated that the proposed activities meet minimum standards imposed by local, state,and New development and public facilities will not degrade our natural and Encourage scofemtrommentaly sensitive areas as protected open paeedewignedand managed for the enjoyment ofthe community. Tomitigate the town's exposure to unacceptable risks firom envirommental  federal authorities. mrommcataleres.  hazards.  33    Development activities shall be sensitive to the environmental constraints Building and sitedesign shall minimize potential hazards to the development  imposed bythe physical haracteriticwofasite.  and the community.  34    35    Chapter 5  5.0 Public Facilities and Infrastructure  The fundamental role oflocal government is to provide publics services meeded to enhance the quality oflife ofits residents, and to support development in the community. These services are extended through the town's publie facilities and infrastructure. Publici facilities aret thosel buildings and facilities that support public services such as education, recreation, and administrative services that enhance the quality oflife ofits residents. Public Imfrastructure are the physical components ofthe, public transportation network and utility Local governments must maintain adequate service capacity to support both its eurrent and anticipated needs. The operation and maintenance of public facilities and infrastructure often representsthel largest expenditure forlocal communities. This element establishes a framework for managing growth so that new development will not overburden the town's physical and financial  system that support land development.  resources.  5.1: Existing Conditions  Bunn eurrently operates or maintains the public water public sewer system, and the local street network. In most cases Bunn has sufficient capacity to accommodate current and anticipated development. Like other cities and towns, Bunn does have some issues with the age and condition of its infrastructure. Old waterand ewerlinesareautyet to frequent breaksand leaks, which inerease maintenance eosts for the town. According to system information provided on the NC Division of Water Resourees (DWR) for Local Water Supply Plans (LWSP), Bunn has approximately 1I miles of water mains ofvarious material type but predominately asbestos cement and  polyvinyi chloride (pve).  -  Bunn adopted a Water Shortage Response Plan in 2018.  The Town of] Bunn owns the publie water system servicing the community. Thesystem's water supply is provided by Franklin County via contract. The town no longer has community wells as they have all been capped off. The town owns onee elevated tank that hasas storage capacity - of200,000 gallons. However, to maintaina adequate water pressure the watervolumel inthe tank should not fall below 50,000 gallons. This provides Bunn with a daily  36    supply capacity of250, 000 gallons ofwater per day. Presently the average daily consumption level is almost 47 percent ofthe maximum daily water supply. According to the Local Water Supply Plan (LWSP) the Town has 500,000 Gallons per day) available from Franklin County however this FIGURE 9 shows water consumption levels by user" group for a 12-month period beginming June of2020. The state prison and other institutional users and residential users accounted for 83 percent ofwater consumed.  number has not been able to be verified at this time.  FIGURE 9: Water Consumption in 2020  Residential- .0234 MGD Commercial- .0103 MGD Industrial- .0005 MGD Institutional- .0900 MGD Source: Bunn Water Supply Plan  B. Wastewater System  The Town of Bunn owns the public wastewater collection and treatment facilities. sum'svastewatert treatment plant (NC0042269) eurrently has a permitted treatment capacity of. .30 MGD following the rehabilitation of the original package treatment plant and operating two identical treatment trains with the various components. The Bunn Water Department reports for a 12-month period beginning June of2020 show that the system has an average daily discharge of 124,700 gallons of wastewater. The daily discharge was approximately 47 percent ofthe treatment capacity.  C.Thoroughfare System  The goal ofany thoronghfarexystem is to provide for the efficient movement of people and goods. Thel local thoroughfare system consists ofa network of public streets and sidewalks. Publie streets are those roads that are owned or maintained by either the State or Bunn. A local thoroughfare plan provides communities with a tool to identify' deficiencies in its thoroughfare system and to plan for their improvements. The State Department ofTransportation can assist Bumn in the preparation ofa thoroughfare plan and the planning board has diseussed setting up meetings to begin this process. See Map 8 for 2020 Powell Bill Map prepared by Municipal Engineering Services Two concepts that are useful in planning the local thoroughfare system are street functional classification system, and street level ofservice. Witha  Company, P.A.  37    general understanding ofthese concepts the town is able toi identify deficiencies in the thoroughfare network, and design effective transportation  management policies.  Street Functional Classifications  Streets perform two primary functions--traflic movement and land service. Streets are designed and managed based on the fiction they serve- Streets are classified as local streets, minor thoroughfares, and major thoroughfares. Below are the typical funetional classifications ofstreets  servicing Bun.  Major thoroughfares are the primary arteries of the town. Their function is to move, intra-city and inter-city traffic. These streets may serve a secondary funetion to serve abutting properties, but their primary purpose is for the movement of traffic, therefore, direct property access should be limited. Major thoroughfares are Minor thoroughfares are middle order roads. They colleet traffic from local streets and distrilbute. it to the majorthoroughlares. They may in some instances supplement major thoroughfares by facilitating minor through-traflic movements. A third funetion that may be performed is that of providing access to abutting properties. However direet access points should be limited to minimize traffie *Local streets basic funetion is to provide direct access to abutting properties. They are not intended to carry heavy volume oft traffic, should be designed so that their use by through-traftie will be discouraged. Local streets may be further classified as either residential, commercial, and/or industrial. Local governments  generallymaintainedl by the State.  movement conflicts.  generally maintain these roads.  Level ofService (LOS)  The Highway Capacity Manual defines six levels of service that describe traffic conditions ofstreets and highways.A A Street LOS is a letter assigned to ar roadway intersection that reflects thel level ofdriver satisfaction with traffic conditions. Factors that influence satisfaction levels include travel speed, travel delay, and trafficsafety. Street design - elements that impact LOSlevels include lane access points, signage, and signalization. Streets may operate at LOS A (Indicating the best operating conditions), to LOS F (indicating the  al level of  worst operating conditions).  38    LOS A: Indicates a relatively free flow oftraffic, with little or no limitation on vehicle movement or speed. The general level ofcomfort and convenience provided to the motorist, passenger, or pedestrian is LOS B: Deseribes a steady flow of traffic, with only slight delays vehicle movement and speed. Freedom to seleet desired speeds is relatively unaffected, but there is a slight decline in the fireedom to maneuver within the traffics stream because ofthe presence ofothers in the traffic stream begins to effect individual behavior. LOS C: Denotes a reasonably steady, high-volume flow oftraffic, with some limitations on movement and speed, and occasional backups on eritical approaches. Maneuverability is closely controlled by higher volumes. Most ofthe drivers are restricted in their freedom to seleet their own speed, change lanes, or pass. A relatively satisfactory operating speed is still obtained with service volumes perhaps suitable for uban LOS D: Designates the level where traffic mears an unstable flow. Interseetions still funetion, but short queues develop and cars may have to wait through one eyele during short peaks. Fluctuations in volume and temporary restrictions to flow may cause substantial drops in operating speeds, Drivers have little freedom to maneuver and comfort and convenienee are low. These conditions are tolerable for short periods oftime, but LOS Di is the level at which LOS E: Represents traffic characterized by slow movement and firequent (although momentary) stoppages. Thist type ofeongestion isconsidered severe, but is not uneommon at peak traffic hours, with frequent stopping, long-standing quenes, and blocked intersections. Maneuverability within the traffie stream is extremely difficult, and it is generally accomplished by forcing vehicle or pedestrian to "give war. Traffie peratingomditionsare LOS F: Deseribes usatislactory stop-and-go traffie characterized by "traffie jams" and stoppages of long duration. Vehicles at signalized intersections usually have to wait through one or more signal changes, and ptrearintenetions may be blocked by the long queues. Traffic operating conditions at this level has exceeded  excellent.  design practice.  the publie begins to express dissatisfaction.  at or near capacity level,  its travel capacity.  39    5.02: Related issues  Improved sidewalks and pedestrian facilities Improve condition ofstreets and roads  Speeding and other traffici related enforcement concerns  Adequate parking in the Downtown and increased safety relative to parking  5.03: Goals, Objectives, and Policies  Goal: Public facilities and infrastructure will be well maintained and sufilicient to accommodate existing and anticipated growth and development- . Objective: To ensure public facilities andi infrastructure have adequate capacity to meet the demands of existing and anticipated development.  Policies:  Continue to cooperate with DENR, NCDOT,and other agencies toi identif'and Require new development to update public facilities when itisdetermined that the proposed development will reduice thelevelofsericeofaffected facility to an Installation and operation of pmbliceimprovements shall meet all local, state and The town will designates and acquire land necessary for maintaining and 2. Objective: To ensure pablic facilities are well maintained and capable of  address deficiencies in existing public infrastructure.  unacceptable level. federal requirements.  installing public improvements.  delivering al minimum level ofs service.  Policies  Publie improvement shall meet eurrent minimum design standards to accommodate anticipated development and meet state and federal The town shall not approve development proposals in areas that do not have The town will implement a program to maintain, operate, and expand public facilities and infrastructure as necessary to support existing and permitted  requirements.  reasonable access to adequate publie facilities.  development.  40    3. Objective: To ensure the costofmaintaining, operating and expanding public  facillities are equably distributed an-long those who benefits.  Policies  The town will explore user and developer charges in accordance with North Carolina Gemeral Statutes adequate to cover cost ofmaintenance, operation, expansion, and improvement of public facilities and  infrastructure.  Thetown: S shallactively seek alternative resources that reduce thetown's financial burdens for capital improvements and service delivery. *New development shall reserve or dedicate land necessary to install and maintain publici improvements that willl benefit the publie. Goal: The safe and efficient movement ofpeople and goods within the  community and region.  Objective: To promote a pedestrian-friendly transportation network that provides citizens with convenient access to work, shopping and recreation  opportunities. Policies:  Town will maintain: a ehnerkfhicealand traffie control measures that promotes safe pedestrian travel with a development, between neighborhoods, to recreation areas, schools, and other pedestrian oriented Local streets should be designed to minimize use by non-local trafficbut promote connectivity ofresidential areas to employment, commercial, and  activities.  cultural activities.  Development shall incorporate access management techniques that will Local streets shall maintainamn minimum! ledfhniariaaring peak hour  enhance the level ofservice ofpublie streets and thoroughfares.  traffice conditions.  41    Thoroughfares shall maintain a minimun level ofservice "D"during peak hour Cooperate with NCDOT, CAMPO and regional transportation agencies to identify and improve streets and other transportation facilities that are  traflic conditions.  operating below an acceptable levelofservice.  42    Chapter 6  6.0Land Use and Housing  Bunn is a community with diverse land use and housing needs. The town seeks to accommodate a balance ofland use activities that will sustain the population's: social and economie well-being. Thel land use and housing element establishes a framework for developing residential neighborhoods, commercial eenters, industrial areas, and social activity eenters. This element is intended to encourage. land use and housing patterns that supports the community's long term best interests and supports the  commnitysvision. 6.01: Existing Conditions housing in the study area. A.1 Existing Land Use  This seetion presents an inventory and summary of existing land uses and  The summary is based on the most recent Census reports..  Theexisting patterns ofdevelopment in Bunn are. important considerations when planning for the current and future needs ofthe community.Any future development will be designed and buill in a manner, sensithetocsiating land use patterns. TABLE 3 presents a tabular summary ofexisting land uses in Land can be characterized as developed or undeveloped, depending on the ntemsityefleclopmen: Developed landi lisdeveloped. at a density that will not likely allow for mew development, other than redevelopment or infill development. Undeveloped land includes vacant parcels or' parcels that canl be easily converted into a highi intensity use and are usually un-served by existing publie utilities. Undeveloped parcels will be the primary supply of land for  both the incorporated and ETJ portionsofthe study aren.  future development.  LIncorporated. Area  The incorporated portion ofthe, study area contained 311.22 acres ofland, excluding street right-ofways. The incorporated area represents slightly more than 18 pereent ofthe total study area. Approximately 53 percent of the incorporated land was characterized as developed. Below is a brief  summary ofthe existing land uses in thei incorporated area.  43    Residential land uses consumed the largest of land among the developed land use categories- Most ofthe residential acres was for single-family use with manufactured homes on individual lots a distant second. Historically residential neighborhoods have developed by metes and bounds rather than in subdivisions- and most developed prior to the institution of zoning and subdivision regulations. Consequently, residential development frequently occurred on lotsofvarying sizes and irregular dimensions. Commercial development has traditionally located in the downtown area along Highway 39. Most commercial activitiesi in town are locally owned small busimesses that offer consumer goods and services. There are signs of more commercial development with a new restaurant being permitted recently. Industrial uses consumed less than I pereent ofalll land in town. Less than Institutional uses include churches, the public library, the public high sehool, and town hall and other govermment buildings. Institutional land use is the second largest eategory ofdeveloped Undeveloped land represents less than 47 percent of all land in the incorporated area. Most ofthe undeveloped parcels were vacant and the remaining "erecategorized under residential estate. There were no agricultural land uses recorded in the incorporated area.  any other category ofdeveloped land in Bunn.  land.  2. ETJ Area  The ETJ area contains almost 4247 aeres of land area. That represents about 83 pereent ofthe total land area in the lannigurisdiction. Below is asummary ofthe land development characteristicsoftne ETJ area- * Undeveloped land consumed most ofthe land in the ETJ area at the time of land use survey and contimues to do sO today. Vacant land consumed more acres than any other undeveloped land use category in the ETJ. All agricultural parcels in the town's planning jurisdiction" werelocated. in thel ETJ.Undevelopedl parcelsi in the ETJ were signilicantly larger than undeveloped lots in the town limits-  Most ETJ parcels were over la acre in size.  44    Residential developed used more acres of land than any other developed land use category. Manufactured homes consumed more acres than any other residential land use eategory in the ETJ. Single- family resilentialdevelepment wasi thes second largest category ofland use. Traditionally,int the ETJ area, residential development patterns tend to extend horizontally along major and minor thoroughfares. Commercial development in the ETJ was seattered on isolated sites. Commercial land development was less intense than in the corporate limits. Almost 89 percent of all Commercial acres was in the ETJ, however,4lof44. commercial parcels were located in the town limits.  *Thel largest mtifutomaldedhpment in the ETJ aret the state prison and Industrial development in the ETJ has oceurred primarily: along Highway  the middle sehool.  98.  TABLE3: Existing land Use Summary.  Note: Other than annexation data that could be verified this information was not changed from the original data in the 2020 due to the limited amount of development  that has taken place.  leres in Use  Incorporated Pet ofTotal  Petof Total ETJ Area  Land Use Category  Plamning area Jurisdiction  Incorporated ETJ area  Area  45    Single family 153.54 residential Two family residential Mum-family residential Manufnctured! 236.07 Home. Manufactured Home Park Commercial Industrial Utilities Institutional Total developed land Estate Agriculture Vacant land Total undeveloped Total land area  62.07 0.97 1.59 29.04 0.00 12.45 1.70 7.48 47.48 162.78  20.36%  91.47 2.15%  1.46 2.12  0.32% 0.49 0.52% 0.53 9.53%  0.01% 0.01%  207.03  4.88% .91%  0.00% 38.47 4.09% 0.56% 2.45% 53.40%  38.47 113.06  100.60 2.37% 76.46  1.80%  30.05 239.37 892.30 1309.75 105.67 2243.87 3639.29  22.57 0.53% 191.89 4.52% 729.52 17.18%0  34.58 0.00 107.49 142.04  11.84% 0.00%  1275.17 30.03% 105.67  2.49%  35.25% 2136.41 50.31% 46.60%0 8517.25  82.82%  4551.59 304.82  4246.77  B.1 Existing Housing Supply  Census data for the year 2020 shows that Bunn had a total of166 housing units-1510 ofhousing units were occupied and 15 units were vacant.  1. Housing Type  TABLE 4 presents a percentage breakdown ofhousing types that existed in Bunn in 2000 and 2020. Housing types for 2000 and 2020 were compiled from the census reports. In 2000 Bunn'sl housing stock primarily consisted of  46    three housing types: single-family units, manufactured! homes, and two-family units-with single family being the predominant housing type.  TABLE 4: Housing' Typei in 2000 and 2020  IIousing Type Single-family Manufactured homes Two family units Multi-family Other Total units  2000/2020 78.99068.690 16.5%12.7% 2.6% 2.9% 0.0% 15.7% 2.0% NIA 194 204  Source: 2000 Census and 2020 Land Use Survey (DCA)  2. Housing Cost  The 2020 Census published the most recent information on housing costs in Bunn- TABLES demonstrates a comparison ofhousing costs in Bunn, Franklin County, and North Carolina. The median rent charged for housing in Bunn was 26 percent lower than the state average. Ilowever, Bunn renters paid only I pereent less oftheir anmual household income toward renter costs  than state households.  47    TABLES: Housing Cost Comparison in 2020  Place  Renter/cost Median  Owner Cost/income ratio (w/mortgage) 21.7% 21.40% 20.5%  income ratio  Value (owner units)  Median rent $753 $855 $932  Bunn Franklin County North Carolina  28% 25% 24%  $147,500 $191,336 $187,915  Souree: 2020 Cemsus  6.02:_ Related Issues  Land available for growth Setback ofbuildings  Enforcement oflNonconforming uses Nursing Homes and Dayeare Availability ofsuitable lousing Attraction ofbusiness and industry  SAL n : spi 48    6.03: Goals, Objectives, and Policies  Goal: A pattern and mix ofland uses that enhances the towns rural character, conserves local resources, promotes a diverse economy, and provides a well- 1. Objective; Attract businesses and industries that expand the town's tax  proportioned tax base.  and employment base. Policies:  - Reserve sufficient amounts ofland to allow commercial and industrial * Work with county and state cconomic development officials to identify economic development opportunitics that benefit Bunn residents. *Provide business and industries that pronidexemployment opportunities Developments that requiretown services should contribute to the town's  activities in the town limitsofBunn.  withineentives to locate in Bunn.  tax base.  2. Objective: Promote land use patterns that conserve the town's fimancial,  physical, and environmental resources.  Policies areas.,  Prioritize development of areas eurrently serviced by adequate public utilities and imfrastructure before extending infrastructure to un-served The' Town will considert the implication that zoning, subdivision approvals, and other planning decisions will have on the emvirommental and publie  infrastructure when  Reviewinglewclopment applications.  *The town will adopt and development policies, ordinances, and programs that support the future land use plan and the goals and policies identified under each plan element. Promote the adaptive reuse ofbuildings and  infill development ofunder developed parcels.  49    3. Objective: Ensure that land development patterns reflect the character Bunn  and navigate areas between incompatible. land uses.  Policies  "Residential areas shall have minimum intrusion from the impact of Promote single-family neighborhoods with natural green space as the To provide inviting areas for work, community, and eultural activities - Commercial, industrial, and other uses shall be conveniently located to  nonresidential development netivities.  predominant residential development pattern. that meets the needs ofthe community  benefit Bunn residents.  4.  Objective: Promote development that provides goods and services  needed or desired by Bumn residents and visitors.  Policies  * Allow development that projects a village atmosphere and that contains some high density residential uses: and providesamixofretalil and service activities, and amenities to benefit residents within a * Encourage new subdivisions, manufactured! home parks, apartment complexes, and other multiple family developments to provide open Goal:' There willl be safe and attractive housing for all persons desiring to livei in Objeetive: Provide safe and sanitary housing for Bunn inhabitants of all  pedestrian firiendly environment.  space and other amenities to benefit potential residents.  Bumn.  ages and income levels. Policies:  *All housing units shall conform to minimum housing standards of Allow a varietyo ofhousing types and densities in appropriate areas; however promote singlefamiydhnelings as thej predominant housing  maintenance and repair.  type.  50    (Pages 51-56 Left BlankIntentionall)  51    52    53    54    55    56            Chapter 7  7.0Land Use Plan  The updated land use plan will be adopted by the Town Board as Bunn's official planning document, and will serve as the town's long-range development guide. This element consists of both written (land clasificationsystem), and graphic - (futurelanduser map) presentation on the general, economic, and physical development ofBunn and its study area over the next 20 years. The updated land use plan integrates the community's vision and the plan elements into a diagram of the preferred development patterns, which are supported by zoning and land use policy decisions.  7.01:Land Classification System  Thel land classification system establishes minimum location eriteria for new development and redevelopment. The land classification system is designed to promote development patterns that support the community's social and economie needs-but at the same time respeet the constraints ofthe town's physical and matural resourees, and promote the overall best interest ofthe Each land classilication eategory establishes minimum guidelines for evaluating development applications. Fach eategory defines a range ofland uses that may be permitted and minimum standards for development intensity levels and infrastructure availability. Hlowever, local officials, when evaluating zoning and development proposals, may impose strieter  community.  requirements based on the following conditions.  57    Compatibility with surrounding land  Compatibility with environmental conditions ofland  Availability vofpublic services  Protection ofthe health, safety and welfare ofthe community as a whole  Land Classification Categories Conservation Area  The purpose of this eategory is to protect valuable matural resources and emironmentally sensitive areas from inappropriate development. This eategory isalsointended to proteet areas that lack reasonablenccess to public imfrastructure firom premature development. Areas that may fall under this eategory may include lands within a 100-year flood plain, eritical watershed areas, wildllife areas, or any other local, state, or federal designated emvironmental resource areas. They may also inelude areas that have been identified as having environmental. characteristics that pose risks to Types of uses that may be permitted in this category include single-family residentinl,manulactured. homesoni individual lots, agricultural uses, passive recreational parks and open space. Other uses may be permitted provided  development.  58    they do not degradelthe environment or natural resources. Uses that may be permitted under special conditions include cluster subdivisions. The use of individual water and sewer systems may bej permitted ifapproved by County  or Statea authorities. Residential-Low Density  The purpose ofthis classification is to promote low-density residential development patterns in areas where publie water and sewer may not be readily available. The types ofland uses that may bej permitted include single- family residential, manufnctured homes on individual lots, two family dwellings, and limited institutional land uses. Development or redevelopment shall maintain a maximum density of2 dwellings per acre. Useofindividual water and sewer systems may be permitted on lots with a minimum square footage of30,000 feet per lot and with the approval ofthe  County Health Department.  Residentia-Meditum Density  The purpose of this classification is to promote medium-density residential neighborhoods in areas having reasonable aceess to publie water and sewer. Typesofland usest that may be permittedi linclude.inglefamily residentinl,tvo- family residential, manufactured homes on individual lots, and some institutional land uses. Types of uses that may be considered under special conditionsinchndemanufnctured home parks,planned unit developments,and similar land uses. Development or redevelopment shall have a maximum  59    density of 4 dwellings per acre of land and must have reasonable. access to  public water and sewer. Residential-High Density  The purpose ofthis classification is to promote a high-density residential development pattern and to provide a Wide mix ofaffordable housing opportunities. Types ofland uses that may be permitted ini this category include single-family residential and two-family residential, and some institutional land uses. Types ofuses that may be permitted under special conditions include Multi-family residential uses, planned unit developments and some private and publicinstitutional and other similar uses.  Downtown District  The purpose ofthis district is to promote the town's central business distriet asac center for retail, business, govermment, and social activity thati isattractive to residents and visitors of Bunn. The types of development that should be encouraged are a mix of residential, retail shopping units and crafts, professional offices and service establishments, tourism, entertaimment, restaurants and inns (bed & breakfast), government and institutional uses, and, a variety of other uses that are generally associated with traditional downtowns and central business districts. Flexibility in zoning and other  requirements are typically required for Downtown districts.  Village CenterMinet-Umelhe purpose ofthis district is to allow design flexibility that prometesdeclopment ofvillage centers that contain a mix of  60    compatible residential, retail, office, and institutional land uses. Land uses that may be permitted include single-family and multifamily residential, neighborhood commercial, and institutional uses. Permitted special uses may include mixed use unified developments that contain a mixture ofcompatible residential, retail, office, and institutional uses. New development or redevelopment shall have access from a thoroughfare and shall connect to public water and sewer. Mixed-use developments will typically oceur on large  aere sites.  Neighborhood commercial  This category isi intended to allow uses that provide goods and services for the frequent and convenient needs ofnearby residential neighborhoods. Development typically occurs on smaller lots and is within walking distance to nearby neighborhoods. Development in this category should be designed tol bec compatible with surrounding residential areas. Types ofuses that may be appropriate for this designation include drug stores, small grocery or convenience stores, banks, barbershops and other personal services, video rentals, utility offices, and institutional uses. Commercial activity that generates significant traffic volume shoulld be discouraged. New development and redevelopment shall connect toj public water and sewer. This category is intended to allow commercial development that serves the needs of the motoring public. Types of uses that may be permitted in this category include commercial shopping malls, furniture stores, automobile  Highway Commercial  61    sales, grocery stores, "big box" retail, (Wal-Mart, Target) and other commercial activities that generate heavy traffic volume and large-truck traffic. New development and redevelopment in these areas shall have primary access from a majort thorongHarsahallemaestopable-watramd  sewer, and shall bel buffered from residential areas.  Light Industrial  This category is intended to provide for light manufacturing warehousing and industrial land uses that have limited impact (noise, smoke, odor, etc.) on the surrounding environment and are conducted primarily in-doors with limited outdoor storage. Business and office parks, research and development, and some highway commercial uses may also be permitted. Development and redevelopment in thig category shall have its primary access from major  thoroughfares and shall comneet to public water and sewer.  Heavy Industrial  This classification permits a range of assembling, fabricating, warehousing and heavy manufacturing, or any other activities that have significant environmental. impacts due to noise, odor, smoke, traffic, ete. Developments in this category shall be assigned to minimize the negative impacts on surrounding neighborhoods and the community. Development and redevelopment shall have access to a major thoroughfare and appropriate shipping facilities, shall connect to public water and sewer, and shall provide adequate buffers between commercial and residential land uses.  62    Extended Growth. Area  This category applies to land that is primarily beyond the town's planning jurisdiction, but is within a sphere of influence, where development can possibly impact the town's service area. The town has an interest in monitoring development in this area to ensure its does not negatively impact  local resourees. 7.02: Land Use Map  The land use map was originally adopted by the Town Board in (date). It establishes geographie boundaries to the land clagsification categories defined above. Local officials will use the map as a guideline when evaluating proposed changes to the zoning map. Any change to the zoning map should be consistent with the future land use map. If a property' re-zoning is not consistent with the map, but the town finds that the change would be in the best interest ofthe town, the future land use should first be amended before the re-zoning is approved. Ideally, as Bunn develops over the next 20 years, both thel land use mapi and zoning map willl look substantially the same. While that may not be feasible, any future development or redevelopment should be consistent with the original or updated land use mapifrevised.  The updated Land Use Map that was adopted by the' Town Board is presented on MAP7- AI larger copy ofthe Land Use Map will be displayed in Town Hall  for future reference.  63    64    65    66    Chapter 8  8.01 Implementation Program  This chapter deseribes future actions the town should undertake to carry out the goals and policies presented in Mephmismahateraephany proposalsare desired effects, and to assure the plan remains relevant to All-rent conditions- A suecessful implementation program requires & strong commitment from local officials, developers, and citizens to the resources necessary to carry out policies and programs. The implementation plan has three components: an action plan, a plan evaluation and monitoring and a  having the  plan amendment and update process.  8.01: Action Plan  The action plan lists future actions the town should undertake to carry out the goals and policies recommended in the plan These actions may includea combination Ofadopting new ordinances modilying existing ordinanees, and establishing policies on public infrastructure and facilities improvements. Other actions ean inelude entering intergovermmental grementsollering  development incentives and doptinganneation policies.  67    The action plan for each plan element is presented in an. Action Plan Matrix.  The. Action Plan Matrix has the following tablel headings:  Implementation Measure: Lists the action necessary to earry out a policy * Lead Agency: Identifies the parties responsible for accomplishing an *Time Frame: Identifies and prioritize the time frame for the measure to be  listed in the Bunn Land use. Plan. mplementation measure initiated and accomplished  68    Natural Environment implementation Measure Adopt the proposed landscape ordinance (ref, eurrent zoning ordinance) Strengthen buffering requirements in zoning and subdivision' ordinanee between incompatible land uses (ref. eurrent zoning ordimance) Draft Flood Management  Lead Ageney Town Board  Time Frame  Completed  Town Board  Completed  Planning and Town  provisions.Along with Board  1.0-1.Syears  69    National Flood insurance Program Develop "scenic district plans to define minimum appearance standards for corridors and special districts Continue to implement a program toi identify and clean- p dilapidated buildings and properties  2Years  Planning Board  Town Board  Ongoing  70    B. Public Facilities and Infrastructure  implementation Measure Add transportation management aecess provisions in zoning and subdivision ordinances. (ref. eurrent subdivision  Lead Ageney  Time Frame  Planning Board  1.Oyear  regs) Develop Capital improvement planning and budgeting program.  a  Town Board  I-3years  Adopt provisions to require new development to upgrade (see below)  71    Infrastructure capacity to a level required to service it (ref. Development Agreement) Develop and adopt a thoroughfare plan in conjunetion with NCDOT and Campo Hire consultant to identify and prepare and loan programs for public improvements Study use ofImpact fees and other development fees to fund publie Improvement accordance with NC Gen Statutes  Planning Board  Ongoing  Planning Board NCDOTand Campo  I-1.5years  Town Board Kerr' Tar consultants  publie and private grants Engineering  Ongoing  Town Board Consultants  years  in  72    C.Land use and Housing Implementation Measure Prepare economic development and retain businesses Coordinate with local businesses, county, and economie development opportunities Recommend zoning map amendments to reflect the current Land Use Plan as meeded  NCDept. of Town Board Town Board and EDC  Present  Strategic plan to recruit Commerce  state agencies to pursue Franklin County  Ongoing  Plaming Board  Ongoing  73    8.02: Plan Monitoring and Evaluation  The town should implement a plan evaluation program to ensure the action plan is being implemented and that the plan is having its desired effects. The evaluation program should be administered by the Planning Board with assistance from local officials. The Planning Board should monitor progress on the action plan; changes in baseline data on population, housing, and economic indicators; and changes in state. and federal policies. The Planning Board should present an annual plan evaluation repost to the' Town Board. Thei report should contain the following details based on the resultsofthe  monitoring activities.  * Identify which goals and policies are still valid * Report on the progress made on the action plan  Monitor the plan and recommend any adjustments to the plan that may be required. The town should conduct a comprehensive update ofthe Bunn 2040 Land use Plan every 1O years, following a similar planning  process used to produce the Original document.  74    75    8.08: Plan. Amendment and Update  The Bunn 2040 Land Use plan should be flexible enough to address the changing and evolving needs of the community. It will require the town to utilize its plan amendment process that encourages citizen participation. A plan amendment may bei initiated as a result ofrecommendations presented in the plan evaluation report, or as part ofan ordinance amendment process. Any amendments to the plan must be approved by the Town Board but only after review and recommendation from the Planning Board. Any proposed updates or amendments must first undergo intense publie serutiny.  Therefore the plan amendment process should allow for:  The broad dissemination ofproposals and alternatives, The  opportunity for written comments Publie hearings after effective notice, Consideration of publie comments, and  Open discussions, communications, and information serviees,  Consultation with public agencies the County, sehool districts, other appropriate vcramcgersictiom, public utility Companies,  property owners and citizens.  76    77