COMMISSIONER BOARD MINUTES  JULY 09, 2024  Those present at the public meeting of the Venango County Commissioners held in Room 100 of  the Courthouse Annex: Commissioner Samuel Breene Commissioner Kenneth J. Bryan Commissioner Chip Abramovic Bridey Shawgo, Chief Clerk Melanie Bailey, Admin Assistant Rich Winkler, Solicitor Jeannie Ritchey, Treasurer Diona Brick, Fiscal Justin Wolfe, Human Resources  Amie Wood - Wessell, Human Services Luke Kauffman, Two Mile Run Park Hilary Buchanan, Planning Adam Craig, Jail Wes Paxton, Jail  Vincent Destefano, Airways Runway Incorporated  Beth Bryan, Treasurer's Office Kara O'Neil, The Derrick  The Salary Board meeting was convened and adjourned prior toi the start ofthe Commissioner Board  meeting. CALL TO ORDER:  Commissioner Breene called the meeting to order at 4:38 pm APROVALAMENDMENT OF COMMISSIONER BOARD AGENDA:  Bridey Shawgo, Chief Clerk requested to table item 14C, it will be revisited at the August 13th Bridey Shawgo, Chief Clerk requested to Amend the agenda to remove 14A from the agenda, the  meeting.  item is already listed under the Prison.  Commissioner Bryan made a motion to amend the agenda for July 09, 2024 meeting, Commissioner Bryan made a motion to approve the agenda for July 09, 2024 meeting,  seconded by Commissioner Abramovic, aye all. seconded by Commissioner Abramovic, aye all.  APPROVAL OF MINUTES FROM THE JUNE 11,2024 MEETING:  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the minutes from the June 11, 2024  meeting, seconded by Commissioner Bryan, aye all. PUBLIC COMMENT ON COMMISSIONER BOARD AGENDA:  NONE  Pagel 11    COURT ADMINISTRATION:  The following item was presented for approval by Bridey Shawgo on behalf of Jeff Misko: Approval of Contract with Bethany P. Pridgen (The DEVAUS Group, LLC) for case review. (Public  Defender's Office)  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Bryan, aye all.  ROW OFFICES: No business to be conducted PRISON:  The following item was presented for approval by Adam Craig:  Approval of Contract with Oasis Management Systems, Inc. to operate all commissary services at  the jail.  Commissioner Bryan made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Abramovic, aye all.  Approval of MOU with Butler Prison that establishes a relationship between Butler & Venango Counties in which inmates can be transferred between facilities in certain circumstances.  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Bryan, aye all.  Approval of Contract with Family Services of Northwestern PA to establish a re-entry program to  assist individuals entering back into the community after incarceration.  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Bryan, aye all.  COMMUNITY SERVICES ADMINISTRATION:  The following item was presented for approval by Bridey Shawgo on behalf of Bill Buchna: Ratification of Temporary Hangar Use Agreement for Harry Daye to rent Hangar 15 - 2 from June  to August 2024  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Bryan, aye all.  Approval of Lease Agreement with Airways Runway Incorporated for new restaurant at the. Airport.  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Bryan, aye all.  Pagel 12    HUMAN SERVICES:  The following items were presented for approval by Amie Wood - Wessell:  2024-2025 CONTRACT  Item 1: Alma Health dba MedStaffers  OAS  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with. Alma Health dba  MedStaffers for the period of July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  To provide the following services to older individuals as authorized by the County:  Personal Care Home Support (General)  $19.80 per hour $19.80 per hour  Item 2: Nutrition, Inc.  OAS  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Nutrition, Inc. for the period  ofJuly 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  To provide the following services to older individuals as authorized by the County:  Hot, Delivered In-Home Meals Frozen, Delivered In-Home Meals Shelf stable meals  $5.46 per meal  $5.61 per meal $4.56 per meal  Hot congregate meals delivered to the senior citizens $5.64 per meal  Item 3: Child Development Centers, Inc.  CYFS  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Child Development  Centers, Inc. for the period of. July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  To provide the Outer Limits after school program at rate of $536.67 for a total of $77,8817.15.  Item 4: Craig Psychological Associates, Inc.  CYFS  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Craig Psychological  Associates, Inc. for the period of July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  Provide Foster Parent Evaluations Provide Court Ordered Evaluations  $150.00 $55.00 per hour $64.35 per hour  MH Service  Item 5: Community Resources for Independence (CRI)  OAS  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Community Resources for  Independence (CRI) for the period of. July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  To provide the following services to older individuals as authorized by the County:  Personal Care Home Support (General)  $20.99 per hour $20.99 per hour  Page 13    Item 6: City of Oil City Police Department  MH  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with the City of Oil City Police  Department for the period of July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  To provide emergency transport services of individuals originating within the Oil City limits to UPMC Northwest Medical Center, located in Seneca PA, as authorized by the Human Services The County agrees to reimburse the Provider for officer overtime costs at a rate of the 1.5 times the actual hourly pay, plus any other statuary or contractual costs of any officer that must be engaged in an overtime capacity to provide the transport services agreed upon herein.  County Administrator or their designee.  Item 7: Susquehanna Software, Inc.  MH  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Susquehanna Software, Inc.  for the period of July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  The Provider will continue to provide Technical and maintenance support at the following rates:  Tech Support  $10,000.00 per quarter  Item 8: Bethesda Lutheran Services  CYFS  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Bethesda Lutheran Services  for the period of. July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  To provide foster care and group home services at a range of $68.11 to $530.00, as approved  by the County.  Item 9: Lifeline Systems  OAS  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Lifeline Systems for the  period of. July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  To provide the following services to older individuals, as authorized by the County:  Standard Landline PERS PERS with Fall Detection Cellular PERS (in home) Mobile GPS Medication Dispenser  $31.00 per client per month $31.00 per client per month $31.00 per client per month $31.00 per client per month $50.00 per client per month  Item 10: Center for Family Services, Inc.  CYFS  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Center for Family Services,  Inc. for the period of. July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  Provide enhanced supervised visitation at $125 per hour, as approved by the County. Provide in-home trauma counseling at $105 per hour, as approved by the County.  Pagel 14    Item 11: Cornell-Abraxas Group, LLC.  CYFS  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Cornell-Abraxas Group,  LLC, for the period of. July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  Provide group home and residential placement services int the range of $370.76 to $543.56, as  approved by the County.  Item 12: United Way of Venango County, Inc.  CYFS  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with United Way of Venango  County, Inc., for the period of July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  Top provide the summer program "Success by 6" for children in Venango County.  Item 13: Evolve Professional Counseling Services  MH  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Evolve Professional Counseling Services for the period of. July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  To provide counseling services not covered or billable under MA, as authorized by the County.  Initial Intake $150 each, Sessions $80- -S $150 per hour.  Item 14: George Cavanaugh  MH  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with George Cavanaugh for the  period of. July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  To provide consulting services, as requested and approved by the County, at a rate of $50 per  hour with a maximum fiscal year amount up to $10,000.  Item 15: Crawford Area Transportation Authority  MATP  Synopsis: Request Commissioner's approval to renew a contract with Crawford Area Transportation Authority for the period of July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  County will reimburse for the following:  Shared Ride transportation services within Venango County from $11.65 to $75 per trip based MATP transportation services for eligible Venango County individuals at the rate of $70.25to individuals under the age of 65 and the 14% of the shared ride rate for seniors over the age of Older Adult transportation services to Crawford County Senior Centers and' Venango County Senior Centers, which will be reimbursed at the 15% of the shared ride rate for seniors 65 years County medical trips, one grocery trip per week and one miscellaneous trip per month, also reimbursed at the 15% shared ride rate for seniors 65 years of age and older.  upon the Pa. Dept. of Transportation approved rate. Fixed Route transportation services at a rate of $2.00 per trip.  65.  of age or older and full fare for seniors under the age of 65.  Page 15    Item 16: The Pointe  MH  Synopsis: Request Commissioner's approval to renew a contract with The Pointe for the period of  July 1, 2024 through June 30,2025. Purpose of Contract: County will reimburse for the following:  Cost associated with the operation of a Drop-in Center, Warm Line, and Center Town Café for individuals with a mental illness at their location in Oil City up to a maximum of $149,125. Cost associated with the operation of a warming center which will be available from 9 p.m. to9a.m. on nights that the temperature, including the wind-chill fall below 25 degrees Fahrenheit. Maximum  reimbursement is up to $14,200.  Item 17: Venango Training & Development Center, Inc.  MH  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Venango Training & Development Center, Inc. for the period of July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025. supports (CPS), and Supported Employment at rates established by ODP.  Purpose of Contract:  To contract with the Provider to perform In-Home & Community supports, Community Participation  Fairweather Lodge is cost reimbursement to a maximum of $78,000.  Car Detailing Services - $125.00 per vehicle  Item 18: Hand in Hand Christian Counseling, LLC  MH  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Hand in Hand Christian  Counseling, LLC for the period of July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025.  Purpose of Contract:  Community Living Program fori individuals with a serious mental illness, $14.51 per unit and a Supported Living Program as a transitional housing fori individuals with a serious mental Operation of three residential homes for individuals with a serious mental illness as identified by the County. Reimbursement will bei for actual costs up to a maximum as stated in work L.I.S.T.E.N. program at a rate of $27.61 per unit, maximum upi to $17,230.25.  maximum of $60,360.80. illness. Maximum $124,437.89. statement and budget.  Item 20: Family Services & Children's Aid Society of Venango County  CYFS  Synopsis: Request Commissioners approval to renew a contract with Family Services and Children's Aid Society of Venango County for the period of July 1, 2024 through June 30,2025.  Purpose of Contract:  CYFS Parent Support/Lice - 2,832 Units at $14.53 each, total of $41,149 Supervised Visitation 675 Units at $9.85 each, total of $6,649 Certified Recover Specialist - Maximum amount of $60,087 Fatherhood Initiative 2,994 Units at $34.32 each, total of $102,754  In-Home D&A Youth Connection  - 11,756 Units at $30 each, total of $352,680  Maximum amount of $15,568  Page 16    Other ITEMS:  Item 1: Approval for MOU  OAS  Synopsis: Requests Commissioners approval of Memorandum of Understanding with The Lynch Law Group for the period of July 1, 2024 through June 30, 2025. To provide legal services to  guardian clients, as requested by Venango County Older Adult Services.  Item 2: Approval of Appointment for Robert Yingling County Older Adults Services Advisory Council.  OAS  Requests Commissioners approval to appoint Robert Yingling to a three-year term on the Venango  Item 3: Approval of Appointment for Rodney Beck and Lori Blair  MH  Request Commissioners approval to appoint Rodney Beck and Lori Blair on the SDOH Advisory  Board.  Item 4: Northwest Behavioral Health Partnership, Inc.  MH  Request Commissioners approval to modify the Compensation Allocation of the agreement with Northwest Behavioral Health Partnership, Inc., dated January 5, 2023 through December 31, 2026, for the provisions of a Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) Commodities Program under the  HealthChoices Program as follows and not to exceed:  $1,042,591.00, allocated as:  $62,495.00 for Administrative Funding $979,096.00 for Commodities Funding  Item 5: Approval of CYFS Resource Family Agreements  CYFS  Request Commissioners approval to enter three Resource Family Agreements for the  Foster/Kinship Care Program.  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Bryan, aye all.  Pagel 17    FINANCE ADMINISTRATION:  The following warrants were submitted for approval by Diona Brick:  SP060724 061424 HS061324 HS061424 HS061224 062124 HS062124 062824 HS062824 SP070124 070524 HS070524 TOTAL  $165.90 Non-Human Service Warrant $629,060.42 Non-Human Service Warrant $119,796.00 Human Service Warrant $234,248.76 Human Service Warrant $1,500.00 Human Service Warrant $1,282,050.04 Non-Human Service Warrant $559,742.51 Human Service Warrant $114,778.40 Non-Human Service Warrant $377,885.98 Human Service Warrant $29,299.28 Non-Human Service Warrant $1,025,951.21 Non-Human Service Warrant $330,769.10 Human Service Warrant  $4,705,247.60  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Bryan, aye all.  Fiscal Agent for NWPAERG (Northwest PAI Emergency Response Group) Fiscal Agent for NWWDB (Northwest Workforce Development Board)  No business to be conducted No business to be conducted HUMANF RESOURCES:  The following Human Resources items were presented for approval by Justin Wolfe:  PERSONNEL ACTIONS AS A RESULT OF EXISTING VACANCIES  PROBATIONARY NEW HIRE Name 1 Gabrielle Calcaterra 305 - Prison Eric Nuse 3 Marigrace Garvis 305 - Prison Ryan Haines Heather Juarez 305 - Prison Ryan Knecht Lucas Nuhfer Angelo Toledo Kaleb Wagner Jillian Hale  # 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 11  Dept 305 - Prison 305 - Prison 305 - Prison 305 = Prison 305 = Prison 305 - Prison  Position Corrections Officer Corrections Officer Corrections Officer Corrections Officer Corrections Officer Corrections Officer Corrections Officer Corrections Officer Corrections Officer Corrections Officer  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  PFT PFT PFT PFT PFT PFT PFT PFT PFT PFT PFT  80 AFSCME 11 06/16/2024 80 AFSCME 11 06/23/2024 80 AFSCME 11 06/16/2024 80 AFSCME 11 06/30/2024 80 AFSCME 11 07/07/2024 80 AFSCME 11 06/14/2024 80 AFSCME 11 07/14/2024 80 AFSCME 11 06/23/2024 80 AFSCME 11 06/23/2024 80 AFSCME 11 06/09/2024 80 HSNEHR 4 06/09/2024  10 Morris Woodhouse 305-F Prison  520-CYS Family Case Consultant!  Page/8    12  530- -P PIC Unit  Crisis Investigation Specialist! Position Housing Supports Coordinator  Allison Caretti REHIRE # Name  PFT  80 HSNEHR 5 06/09/2024  Dept  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  1 Christy McCann 570 - Housing  PFT  80 HSNEHR 1  05/26/2024  PROMOTION # Name Lorelei 1 Kingsmore  Dept 305 - Prison To: 305-Prison  Position Corrections Officer Correctional Sergeant  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  PFT PFT  80 AFSCME 11 AFSCME 11  From:  80  07/07/2024  2 Asha Posker From:  PROMOTIONTRANSFERDECREASE IN HOURS  # 1  Name Megan Montgomery  Dept  Position  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  540 -N MH/DS Department Clerk III PFT To: 240-MDJ3-4 Legal Secretary II  80 70  SEIU NEHR  8 3  From:  PFT  06/24/2024  DEMOTIONTRANSFER Name Becky Rhoades  # 1  Dept 180- Office  Position Tax Clerk  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  FT  80 80  SEIU SEIU  9 8  From: Treasurer's  To: 540 - MH/DS Department Clerk IlI FT  06/10/2024  OUT OF CLASS ASSIGNMENT  #  Name 1 Matthew Hillyard  Dept 405 - Airport  Position Maint. Worker IV  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  FT  80  SEIU  10 06/04/2024  Note: Assignment: to last no longer than 07/13/2024. Coverf for employee leave.  END OF PROBATION Name Caden Boyd 2 Mitchell McMillen 3 Abigail Owens PROMOTION # Name 2 Mark Godfrey 3 Austin Lewis  # 1  Dept 160 - Maint. 160 - Maint. 305 - Prison  Position Maint. Worker III Maint. Worker HI Corrections Officer  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  FT FT FT  80 80  SEIU SEIU  10 06/04/2024 10 06/24/2024  80 AFSCME 11 05/30/2024  Dept 305 - Prison 305 - Prison  Position Corrections Officer Corrections Officer Corrections Officer  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  1 Matthew Baugher 305 - Prison  PFT FT PPT  80 AFSCME 11  05/03/2024 Page/9  80 48  AFSCME 11 06/17/2024 AFSCME 11 06/13/2024    4  Mandi Milani 5 Benjamin Whitehill 305 - Prison 6 Louis D'Amico 7 Chance Sickman 530 - PICU Unit  305 - Prison 530-F PICU Unit  Correctional Sergeant PFT Correctional Sergeant Crisis Investigation Specialist PIC Case Aide  80 AFSCME 11 06/19/2024 80 AFSCME 11 06/15/2024  FT FT FT  80 80  HSNEHR SEIU  5 06/14/2024 10 06/27/2024  CORRECTION TO 06/11/24 COMMISSIONER BOARD AGENDA:  PROBATIONARY NEW HIRE  # 1  Name Kristina Best  Dept 305-F Prison  Position Corrections Officer  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  PFT  80  AFSCME 11 06/09/2024  Correction: Individual chose not to accept the position after approval  PERSONNEL ACTIONS AS A RESULT OF NEWLY CREATED POSITIONS  TEMPORARY NEW HIRE Name Zander Black Sarah Cotton  # 1 2  Dept 520- CYS 520-CYS  Position Food Crew Food Crew Food Crew  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  TFT TFT TFT  70 70 70  NEHR NEHR NEHR  1 06/09/2024 1 06/09/2024 1 06/09/2024  Note: Assignment to last no longer than 08/16/2024 Note: Assignment to last no longer than 08/16/2024 Note: Assignment to last no longer than 08/16/2024  3 Brookelynn Hudson 520-CYS  RE-HIRE # Name 1 Emma Gruber 2 Peyton' Hunter  Dept 520-CYS 520-CYS  Position Food Crew Food Crew  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  TFT TFT  70 70  NEHR NEHR  1 06/09/2024 1 06/09/2024  Commissioner made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner, aye all.  Page I 10    ROW OFFICE  PERSONNEL ACTIONS AS A RESULT OF EXISTING VACANCIES  PROBATIONARY NEW HIRE Angela York 210 - Domestic 2 Larissa Andres 250 - Register &  # 1  Name  Dept Relations Recorder  Position Enforcement Officer II Department Clerkl II  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  PFT PFT  80 80  NEHR NEHR  5 06/24/2024 2 05/26/2024  PROMOTION Name Elizabeth Bryan  # 1  Dept  Position Tax Clerk  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  180-Treasurer Department Clerk III  FT FT  80 80  SEIU SEIU  8 9  From:  To: 180-1 Treasurer  06/26/2024  PROMOTIONTTRANSFERIDECREASE IN HOURS  # 1  Name Megan Montgomery  Dept  Position Legal Secretary  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  540 -N MH/DS Department Clerk II PFT  80 70  SEIU NEHR  8 3  From:  To: 240 MDJ3-4  PFT  06/24/2024  DEMOIONIRANSFER # Name Becky 1 Rhoades  Dept 180 - Treasurer MH/DS  Position Tax Clerk Department Clerk III FT  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  FT  80 80  SEIU SEIU  9 8  From: To:  06/10/2024  END OF PROBATION Name  #  Dept  Position Legal Secretaryll  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  1 Amber Everett 235 MDJ3-3 SEPARATION OF EMPLOYMENT 1 Zanah Dempsey 250- = Register &  PFT  75  NEHR  3 06/18/2024  # 2  Name Kellis "Brett" Martz 3 Eric McMillen  Dept Recorder Office 270 - Sheriffs Office  Position Department Clerk II Deputy Sheriff  Status Hr/Pay Group Grade Effective  PFT FT FT  80 80 80  NEHR NEHR NEHR  2 04/19/2024 6 06/14/2024 6 06/13/2024  270 - Sheriffs Deputy Sheriff - Corporal  Ratification of ID Badge Policy  Commissioner Bryan made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Abramovic, aye all.  Page I1 11    Approval of Motor Vehicle Policy  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Bryan, aye all.  PLANNING COMMISSION:  The following items were presented by Hilary Buchanan:  Approval of the Stormwater and Floodplain Administration County Service Provider Agreements with Approval oft the Stormwater and Floodplain Administration County Service Provider Agreements with  Utica Borough. Cranberry Township.  Commissioner Bryan made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Abramovic, aye all.  Approval of the Floodplain Administration County Service Provider Agreement with Plum Township. Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Bryan, aye all.  Approval of the Amended Agreement with The EADS Group to extend their contract to September  30, 2024.  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Bryan, aye all.  Approval of the Contract with Whalen Contracting to install an HVAC Overhead Furnace at the  Recycling Center garage facility. Total cost is $14,600 to be paid with DEP funds.  Commissioner Bryan made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Abramovic, aye all.  Approval of the contract with Snyder Electric to install updated LED Overhead lights in the Recycling  Center garage facility. Total cost is $18,975 to be paid with DEP funds.  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Bryan, aye all.  TWO MILE RUN COUNTY PARK:  Update on Park activities presented by Luke Kauffman:  Page I 12    COUNTY ADMINISTRATION:  The following items were presented by Bridey Shawgo, Chief Clerk:  Approval of Cooperative Agreement between Venango County and the Pennsylvania Environmental  Council.  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Dulaney, aye all.  Proclamation - Eagle Scout Tanner Myers  Commissioner Abramovic made a motion to approve the above, seconded by Commissioner  Dulaney, aye all.  OTHER BUSINESS: No business to be conducted PUBLIC COMMENT: ADJOURNMENT:  The meeting adjourned at 4:57 pm upon a motion by Commissioner Abramovic, and seconded by  Commissioner Bryan, aye all.  NEXT MEETING DATE: The next public meeting will be held on August 13, 2024 at 4:30 pm in  Room 100 of the Courthouse Annex to conduct County Business.  Respectfully submitted, lani Melanie A Bailey Administrative Assistant  068  Reviewed by:  Samuel H. Breene Kenneth J. Bryan Albert A. Abramovic  Sk  E  Pagel I 13